Angermund Castle

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West side of Angermund Castle

The castle Angermund even Kellnerei or Old Kellnerei called, is a Wasserburg am Angerbach in Düsseldorf district Angermund . It is located south of the historic town center and is one of the most important architectural monuments in Düsseldorf.

The Archbishop of Cologne, Philipp von Heinsberg , bought a castle in the second half of the 12th century , which a successor, Engelbert I of Cologne , was given as a fief to his brother Adolf III. forgave von Berg . His family, the Counts of Berg , used the complex - with a brief interruption in the 15th century - until the beginning of the 19th century as a state castle and as one of the northernmost border posts in their territory. After the end of the Duchy of Berg in 1806, it was used almost exclusively for agriculture. When this was abandoned in the 1970s, the castle threatened to deteriorate. From 1982 to 1985 it was converted into a modern residential complex. Since 21 September 1999, she is a ground monument protected, and since February 23, 1984, she is also a monument under monument protection . Today it is privately inhabited and cannot be visited.

history

In the 7th and 8th centuries, the area around today's Angermund, called Angerland, was the borderland of the territories of Franconia and Saxony . To protect the border, the Franconians built ramparts and fortified courtyards . It is therefore likely that a well-fortified Franconian farm on the Anger existed long before Angermund Castle. The castle itself goes back to a foundation from the Staufer times, which the Archbishop of Cologne Philipp von Heinsberg acquired after taking office in 1167 as an allod for 40 silver marks. The Allodium de Angermonde was first mentioned in writing in 1188, where it can be found among the archbishop's acquisitions. Philipp von Heinsberg bought during his tenure, numerous castles and allods to a coherent kurkölnisches to establish territory and in this way the expansion of the imperial Reich territory and the territory of the Counts of Berg am Niederrhein counteract.

This attitude of Kurköln changed in 1216 when Archbishop Engelbert von Berg took office. He gave the facility to secure the surrounding district as an Electoral Cologne fiefdom to his brother Adolf III. from mountain. After his death in 1218, Archbishop Engelbert inherited his brother's secular territories and built Angermund Castle into a border fortress. To this end, he had the main building that is still preserved today erected and the complex fortified with a massive round tower . It should also have served as a customs post. The name of the castle is not, as previously assumed, derived from a confluence with the Rhine , but from the connection with the old German word Munt (= "protection", "castle").

After Engelbert was murdered in November 1225, Angermund came to the Duke Heinrich IV of Limburg . He had Irmgard von Berg , the heir to Adolf III. got married. His widow reached a settlement with her son Adolf IV in 1247 , which secured her not only Burg Castle but also Angermund Castle. Only after her death did Adolf IV come into possession herself. He enlarged the land belonging to the castle through acquisitions and thus laid the foundation stone for the Angermund office, which was established around 1350 . After the death of Adolf VI. von Berg in 1348 his wife Agnes von Kleve chose the castle as their widow's residence.

The castle complex became the northernmost bulwark of the Bergisch counts and later dukes. From the middle of the 15th century it was also the seat of a Bergisch waiter who was responsible for the economic management of the surrounding goods. He was later assisted by a bailiff and a judge. In the course of time, the concept of the winery was transferred to the castle. In its round tower was a prison in which the von Berg family not only locked up political opponents like the Count of Limburg or the Count of Arnsberg , but also supposed witches and in the 16th century the Anabaptist Johannes Campanus .

Northwestern section

A settlement of serfs , tenants, castle men and craftsmen had formed early to the north of the fortifications . It received city-like rights in the 15th century and formed the Angermund freedom . The current district arose from it. During the 14th century, the feudal sovereignty of Kurköln over Angermund Castle was practically ineffective, although Archbishop Ruprecht did not give up the Cologne claims entirely until 1469. In 1479, the historic negotiations on the unification of the Duchies of Jülich-Berg-Ravensberg and Jülich-Kleve-Mark began there in 1511.

The complex, which was also used as a hunting seat at times, suffered numerous damage in the subsequent period - especially in the 17th century - from shelling, looting and billeting of soldiers. In 1651, Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg occupied Angermund as well as Heltorf and Pempelfort . With 200 riflemen he besieged the castle before its crew capitulated . In later years, however, the military importance of the castle continued to decline, and structural changes made it more and more adapted to its administrative function. In 1716, some warehouses and the massive round tower from the 13th century were laid down and the main building was rebuilt in 1780, incorporating old structures.

Angermund Castle remained the administrative seat of Bergisch until 1806, before Maximilian I Joseph ceded the Duchy of Berg to France in March of that year. After that it was used almost exclusively for agriculture, which was not conducive to the building fabric. In the 19th century, the princes of Hatzfeld bought the castle and sold it to the Bonn company "Rheinisches Heim" in the middle of the 20th century. The plant was run as a farm until the 1970s. In addition, there was a restaurant in the castle cellar, which was stopped at the same time as the farm. The facility, which was in a poor structural condition, fell into disrepair due to the vacancy, a fire did the rest and destroyed valuable stucco ceilings from the 18th century.

In 1983, work began on restoring the castle and transforming it into a modern residential complex. The destroyed stucco ceilings were reconstructed, but also preserved historical building fabric such as a preserved chimney in the northern part of the main building was removed. How dilapidated the walls were in parts became apparent during the work when the courtyard facade in the middle part of the main building collapsed. It was rebuilt according to the old model. Old stables and barns on the west and south sides of the castle area had to give way to modern buildings. In 1985 the work was finished.

description

Floor plan of the castle at the end of the 19th century

Angermund Castle is a ring castle with edge houses on an elongated, oval floor plan. Your name is derived from the Anger and Munt and can therefore be interpreted as a protection / castle on the Anger. The facility is surrounded by a wide moat that is fed by the Angerbach. Your area is surrounded by a two-meter-thick curtain wall, which consists of limestone , tuff and individual pieces of brick . It dates from the time it was built in the 13th century. Your former battlement no longer exists. Access to the castle is provided by a gateway in the northeast, to which a brick bridge leads. The gate was built in the 15th century, but renovated in 1653 after war damage. This year, together with the Ravensberg coat of arms above the gateway, announces this . In addition, two key notches on the field side testify to the building's former strength.

The two-storey main building made of quarry stone stands on the west side and has a pan-roofed roof with dormers . The building consists of three parts, the north of which is the oldest and dates back to the 13th century. On the upper floor on the north-western outer side, it has a walled-up bi-ore window from the late Romanesque period , while the courtyard facade shows Gothic cross-frame windows . On the southern side of the grave, the two corbels of a former toilet dungeon can still be seen. Inside the upper floor there is a large hall with a large fireplace that was restored in the 1980s .

Until 1716 the castle had a 26-meter-high round tower, the walls of which were five feet thick.

literature

Web links

Commons : Angermund Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Benedict Mauer: Angermund Castle. 2010, p. 99.
  2. ↑ Angermund Castle in the monument list of the state capital Düsseldorf at the Institute for Monument Protection and Preservation, accessed on October 15, 2015.
  3. ↑ Angermund Castle ground monument in the monument list of the state capital Düsseldorf at the Institute for Monument Protection and Preservation, accessed on October 15, 2015.
  4. ↑ a b Theo Volmert: From the history of the old Angermund office. In: Die Quecke - Angerländer Heimatblätter . No. 26/27, July 1956, p. 7 ( PDF ; 11.1 MB).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Karl Emerich Krämer: Castles in and around Düsseldorf. 1980, p. 13.
  6. ^ Konstantin Höhlbaum (Ed.): Messages from the Cologne City Archives. Volume 4, Issue 12. DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1887, p. 61 ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ a b History of Angermund, Part 1 ( Memento from September 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
  8. ↑ Bernd Brinken: Castles and palaces between Ruhr and victory. An art and travel guide through the Bergisches Land. Strüder, Neuwied 1961, pp. 6-7.
  9. ↑ Bernd Brinken: Castles and palaces between Ruhr and victory. An art and travel guide through the Bergisches Land. Strüder, Neuwied 1961, p. 7.
  10. ↑ Walther Zimmermann , Hugo Borger (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 3: North Rhine-Westphalia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 273). Kröner, Stuttgart 1963, DNB 456882847 , p. 25.
  11. ↑ a b c Entry by Jens Friedhoff on Angermund Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  12. ↑ Albrecht Brendler: The development of the Bergisches Amt Angermund. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter . Volume 63, 1999, p. 147 ( digitized version ).
  13. ↑ Jens Wroblewski, André Wemmers: Theiss Burgenführer. Lower Rhine. Theiss, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1612-6 , p. 18.
  14. ^ Benedikt Mauer: Angermund Castle. 2010, p. 100.
  15. ^ Alfred Lauer: Bergische castles and palaces. RGA, Remscheid 1998, ISBN 3-923495-37-4 , p. 22.
  16. ↑ Jens Friedhoff refers to it in the Ebidat entry as Bergfried .
  17. ↑ Theo Volmert: From the history of the old Angermund office. In: Die Quecke - Angerländer Heimatblätter . No. 26/27, July 1956, p. 9 ( PDF ; 11.1 MB).

Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 43.5 ″  N , 6 ° 47 ′ 42 ″  E