House Angerort
| House Angerort | ||
|---|---|---|
 Angerort house around 1433 |
||
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Later manor house preserved | |
| Place: | Huettenheim | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 22 '44 .9 " N , 6 ° 43' 36.9" E | |
|
||
The house Angerort is a medieval moated castle and fortress in Duisburg district Hüttenheim on the border with Wanheim-Angerhausen on Angerbach .
Meaning of the name
The name Angerort is made up of the terms Anger for Angerbach and place , which stands for end or tip . The name describes the geographical location of the house directly south of the mouth of the Angerbach in the Rhine .
history
The exact historical origin of the house of Angerort is not clear. According to a legend, a tower was built on this site in 796 on the orders of Charlemagne to protect it from approaching dangers, e.g. B. Normans , should warn. It is also assumed that the Angerort house existed as a permanent house with an attached farmyard Gut Medefurt including an associated mill since at least the 11th century . The first documentary mention should come from a document of the monastery (Essen-) Werden from the year 1051, in which a house Angerort on the Angria should be mentioned. But this is probably misinformation. The first verifiable written mention of Angerorts comes from the year 1409/10. This year Angerort appears as angeroirt in the report of accounts of the city of Duisburg, because the mayor and the mayor traveled there to meet with canons from Kaiserswerth. In 1425, Duke Adolf von Berg ordered that Haus Angerort , located directly on the northern border of the Duchy of Berg , be expanded into a castle and border fortress, to move the Duchy of Jülich and Berg , which had just been united in 1423, northwards against the Duchy of Kleve , more precisely the Klevian enclave of Wanheim-Angerhausen . For this purpose, the eight offices of the Duchy of Berg had to raise 60 Reich guilders a year.
In March 1429 the dukes of Jülich-Berg and Kleve met with the count of Moers in Duisburg and Angerort to settle a dispute over mutual claims.
Administratively, the Angerort house belonged to the Angermund office . The castle administrators, enfeoffed by the Duke von Berg, carried the title of bailiff , but did not set up their own office. The first castle administrator was from 1433 Alf Quade (also: Adolf Quadt ). His successor was Ludger (also: Lutter) Staël von Holstein , who had Angerort expanded into a residential palace. From that time (1441) there is also a complaint from Duke Adolf von Kleve-Mark that a Bergisch death sentence was carried out near Angerort. The third administrator was Marshall Johann vom Haus , who was appointed bailiff on March 14, 1451. In 1478 Ruprecht von Steinen was Angerorter bailiff or mayor.
In Burgundian succession war imperial troops were stationed in Angerort. In 1493 the doors and bridge had to be repaired and the supplies of powder and lead replenished. On March 9, 1514, a number of high lords and dignitaries from Jülich-Berg and Kleve met in Angerort to discuss the marriage between Karl von Geldern and Anna von Kleve.
Around 1520 a Steynhaus was a bailiff. In return for the fact that the married couple Gerhard von Troistorp and Margarete von Hammerstein zu Schloss Heltorf paid off an old ducal debt to third parties, Duke Johann von Jülich-Kleve-Berg transferred the couple Haus Angerort together with Hof Medefurt for life in 1522. When Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg transferred Angerort and Hof Medefurt to his Chancellor Johann Ghogreff in 1541 , the Duke had to offer compensation to the now widowed Margarete and her son Sibert von Troistorp zu Heltorf. In addition to various financial compensation measures, Sibert was appointed bailiff at Angermund and Margarete was given a lifelong right of residence at Angermund Castle . Angerort went from Johann Ghogreff to von Binsfeld, and later to von Fürstenberg .
In 1524 the Angerort fortress was used as a prison for the ringleader of a civil revolt in Emmerich .
A first drawing of the house by Arnold Mercator dates from 1571. The sketch shows an irregular castle complex surrounded by walls and buildings with two large round towers and a smaller tower that probably flanked the entrance.
During the Thirty Years War , Angerort was sacked in 1629 by troops of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces . They stole all the furniture. In the 1630s, under the occupation of imperial troops, the castle was then expanded into a fortress in the bastionary system . In 1635 and 1636 Gerhard von Neuland asked for wood to build the Kribben in Angerort. Duke Wolfgang-Wilhelm ordered the wood count to deliver 1,500 posts and 2,000 entrenchments. Negotiations to resolve religious disputes in the region were also held at Angerort at that time with the help of bishops. In 1642 the former Hesse-Kassel general, now Imperial General Field Marshal Peter Melander von Holzappel, was placed in Angerort by the Duke von Berg. This may have been a reason for an attack by Hesse-Kassel troops on Angerort in the spring of 1642. Angerort was plundered and devastated.
After that, Bergische troops took over the fortress again. In June 1642 the Jülich-Bergische commander was Lieutenant Friedrich Weingens, called Becker, the lord of Angerort. At that time, on a return trip from Düsseldorf to Angerort, the imperial troops, who had previously tried in vain to conquer Angerort, captured, beaten and threatened with weapons, so that Weingens in agony finally gave the order to his troops remaining in Angerort Hand over the fortress to the imperial troops. So it came about that between 1642 and 1644 the troop commander and imperial colonel sergeant or lieutenant colonel Johann (Hans) von Fargel (also: Vergell, Vogelius, Forgelius) ruled Angerort. In his correspondence with Imperial Field Marshal Melchior Graf von Hatzfeld, he discussed not only troop movements in the area but also structural questions about the Angerort house, for example the construction of a lock in October 1643 or the fact that some of Angerort's fortifications had collapsed in March 1644. As the commander of Angerort, Fargel did not stick to existing contracts and regularly plundered the surrounding land. It was not until 1644 that Angerort lost its strategic importance for the imperial troops and Fargel negotiated with Hatzfeld about his replacement. In August or September 1644 Fargel moved with his 200 men to Koblenz. There are contradicting statements about the events after the withdrawal: In the camp book of the guest house in Duisburg there is a note that the Bergisch Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm, who was keen on neutrality during the war, had the fortress blown up after the withdrawal of the imperial troops on October 1, 1644, and several others To prevent troop arrests in the future. However, it is more likely that the imperial troops blew up the fortress they had improved and expanded, because shortly before the troops withdrew, Wolfgang Wilhelm had asked Angerort to hand it over so that he could occupy the fortress with his own people .
On August 19, 1651, a mediation meeting in the Jülich-Klevischen succession dispute took place near Angerort . Wolfgang Wilhelm and the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm met , but at this point still unsuccessfully. A settlement agreement was only signed in October 1651.
The reconstruction by the pledgee Gerhard von Neuland takes place after 1657 as a modest towerless house. The house remained in the possession of this family until the manorial estate was handed over in 1731 from Arnold Franz von Neuland to the Jülich-Bergisch Vice Chancellor Johann Peter von Reiner, Herr zu Düssel and Angerort. He must have expanded the house, because in 1733 he asked the lumbergrave for timber for Angerort. In the meantime, according to a decree of 1719, Baron de Rouveroy must also have been in the possession of Angerorts.
In 1740 the house suffered severe damage from floods and ice on the Rhine and Angerbach. Afterwards (1742) Johann Peter von Reiner renovated the house and added two baroque side wings.
At the end of the 18th century the house was leased as a farm, which marked the decline of the formerly stately building. The first tenant Peter Lausberg tried to set up a distillery in the Angerort house, but the entire inventory was auctioned off as early as May 1785. In 1787 the house with the associated Medefort farm was handed over to a new tenant, manufacturer Braselmann from Elberfeld . He had Turkish red produced on the site , but soon had to give up operations due to the turmoil of the war: In 1795 , during the First Coalition War , about 1.5 km north of Haus Angerort, French troops crossed the Rhine and beat the Austrian troops on the right bank of the Rhine. In addition to the resulting war loads, the population had to endure another flood of the century and the corresponding ice drift on the Rhine and Angerbach at the end of January 1799 . The Angerort house also suffered severe damage.
In 1838 the merchant JH Wiesmann zu Hattingen bought the estate along with 267 acres of land in Huckingen, Ehingen and Wanheim. In 1861, Friedrich Krüger from Ruhrort bought Angerort with the main and ancillary buildings as well as the adjoining gardens. After the Duisburg wholesaler Johann Hendrich Kirberg had become the owner of Haus Angerort in the meantime, Angerort passed into the possession of the Count von Spee , who then replaced the pensions on Angerort. The castle was only inhabited on the ground floor. In 1891 the heirs of Count Wilderich Spee zu Maubach were transferred to Count Franz Spee.
In 1907 the Schulz-Knaudt company acquired the surrounding area (approx. 50 hectares) and thus also the Angerort house from Count Spee. The Mannesmannröhren-Werke (1914–1988) and the Hüttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann (HKM) (since 1988) became owners through company mergers .
Today's condition and usage
Today, Haus Angerort is an inconspicuous building on the HKM company premises, which does not show its medieval history. Viewed from the outside, it is a two-storey, plastered masonry building with a hipped roof. Only the two upper floors can be seen, as the original moats around the castle and thus also the lower floor, now the basement, were filled in around 1920 with sand from an expansion of the factory port. The baroque side wings that are documented by photos no longer exist today. They were canceled around 1908 and 1960 respectively.
From around 1910 the house served as a residence for the steelworks director for a short time. In 1930 it was rebuilt for a new use as a laboratory and heating department. After the Second World War the building was used as a laboratory for the Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH (MFI), u. a. for "non-destructive testing", expanded.
Haus Angerort has been a building for the city of Duisburg since March 10, 2005, and a ground monument since June 27, 1991 . The house has been out of use for several years. Angerorter Strasse in Duisburg-Hüttenheim was named after the house.
literature
- Dietmar Ahlemann, Bernd Braun: House Angerort including courtyard and mill Medefurt , in: Bürgererverein Duisburg-Huckingen e. V. (Ed.), Huckinger Heimatbuch (Volume III), Duisburg 2015, pp. 228–262.
- Bernd Braun: House Angerort. In: Huckinger Heimatbuch (Volume II), Oberhausen 1997, pp. 234–240.
- Bernd Braun: A forgotten castle on the Rhine: Haus Angerort in the south of Duisburg. Reprint from Duisburg yearbook 2003 . Duisburg 2003.
- Bernd Braun: Architectural monuments endangered - architectural monuments saved. House Angerort . In: Castles and Palaces 3 . 2003.
- Bernd Braun: House Angerort. In: Bürgererverein Duisburg-Huckingen e. V. (Hrsg.): Historical hiking trail in the Angerland - Huckingen and the surrounding area. Completely revised new edition, Gladbeck October 2012, pp. 18–19; huckingen.de (PDF; 7.3 MB).
- Citizens' association Duisburg-Huckingen (ed.): On the history of Huckingen. Festschrift for the 30th anniversary of the Duisburg-Huckingen Citizens' Association . Duisburg 2002.
- Günther Engelbert: Angerort as a fortress towards the end of the Thirty Years War. In: Huckinger Heimatbuch (Volume I), Oberhausen 1992, pp. 60–68.
- Hans Pieper: Angerort Fortress - Angerort, a forgotten castle in the south of Duisburg. In: Huckinger Heimatbuch (Volume I), Oberhausen 1992, pp. 55–59.
- City of Duisburg (ed.): Monument to the settlement of Hüttenheim . Duisburg 2010; duisburg.de (PDF; 3.4 MB) with old photos of Haus Angerort (p. 8).
- Egon Verheyen: Architectural and art monuments in Duisburg . In: Duisburg research . Series of publications for the history and local history of Duisburg. 7. Supplement. Duisburg 1966, p. 56-57 .
- Theo Volmert: Knight seats and castles on the Anger. In: Die Quecke - Angerländer Heimatblätter, No. 45, September 1975, pp. 1–34.
Web links
- Entry by Günter Krause zu Angerort in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
Individual evidence
- ↑ Volmert (1975), p. 31.
- ^ Margret Mihm, Arend Mihm: Medieval city accounts in the historical process - The oldest Duisburg tradition (1348-1449). Volume 1 (studies and texts). Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2007, p. 366.
- ^ Hermann Keussen: Document book of the city of Krefeld and the old county of Mörs . Volume I, 799-1430 , p. 345 (certificate no. 1680).
- ^ Günter von Roden: History of the city of Duisburg. II. The districts from the beginning, the entire city since 1905. Duisburg 1974, p. 335.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, H 2.24 and 39.
- ↑ Cf. Andreas Dederich: Annalen der Stadt Emmerich . Wesel 1867, p. 299. ( full text in the Google book search)
- ↑ See also reconstruction proposals in an article in the Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung from October 12, 2007.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, Q1,24 No. 228, 231, 232 and 234.
- ↑ Cf. Andreas Dederich: Annalen der Stadt Emmerich . Wesel 1867, p. 455. ( full text in the Google book search)
- ↑ See Kaiserswerth [City of Düsseldorf]. In: Franz Petri u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany. Volume 3: North Rhine-Westphalia . Stuttgart 1970, p. 371f.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, Q 1.23 No. 279.
- ↑ Cf. Günther Engelbert (arr.): The war archive of the imperial field marshal Melchior von Hatzfeldt (1593–1658). Analytical inventory . In: Publications of the Society for Rhenish History , 61. Düsseldorf 1993, No. 176, as well as Günther Engelbert: Hatzfeld, Melchior Graf . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie Volume 8, Berlin 1969, p. 64 f.
- ^ Josef Breitenbach: Wolfgang Wilhelm . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 44, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 87-116.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, Q1,24 No. 390.
- ^ LAV NRW R, Reich Chamber of Commerce, Part VII: PR 4829, R 1042/4027.
- ↑ LAV NRW R Jülich-Berg, Councilor No. BI 3.
- ↑ LAV NRW R Jülich-Berg, Councilor No. BI 15.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, P19.2.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, P19.4.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, P 7.17.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, P 19.7.
- ↑ Spee'sches Archiv Heltorf, P19,18.
