Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe

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Portrait of Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe by Wilhelm Volkhart , 1842
Weyhe monument in the Hofgarten Düsseldorf
Tomb in the Golzheimer Friedhof, restored in 2008

Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe , called Max Weyhe (* 15. February 1775 in Bonn ; † 25. October 1846 in Dusseldorf ) was a German landscape architect of classicism .

Life

Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe grew up in Poppelsdorf near Bonn and Brühl and was taken care of by his uncle Peter Joseph Lenne the Elder. Ä. (Father of Peter Joseph Lenné ) trained as a gardener apprentice in Bonn from 1789 to 1792. After studying in Munich and Vienna (with Franz Boos ) as well as several trips abroad (including to England ), he was a botanical gardener and teacher of botany at the Central School of the Département de la Roer at the Botanical Garden in Cologne from 1801 to 1803 and moved in 1804 as court gardener to Düsseldorf and lived in the court gardener's house . In 1826 he was appointed Royal Horticultural Inspector and in 1833 Royal Garden Director. He was employed there until his death.

Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe, plan of the court garden in Düsseldorf 1804
City map Düsseldorf 1809: Redesign of the former city fortifications of Düsseldorf into a system of parks, promenades and green spaces developed by Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe
Memorial stone in Eller Castle Park to Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe

Numerous gardens in the Rhineland show his signature. Düsseldorf owes it to him for the system of parks and promenades on the terrain of the former city fortifications, which still characterizes the cityscape, especially the construction and expansion of the electoral court garden . Weyhe was one of the garden architects who applied the new English garden style. In these landscape parks, the aim was to create a kind of idealized nature through which the parks were integrated as advantageously as possible into the landscape. Weyhe is likely to have planned well over 100 gardens or had an influence on their design.

Weyhe did not write any treatises on garden theory, but was very knowledgeable about botanicals and, with other authors, published the Plantae officinales , a series of books on medicinal plants , from 1821 (it was later continued and completed by Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck ). This represents the first lithographically illustrated publication on medicinal plants.

In 1804 Weyhe married Wilhelmine Sophie Esch (1780–1846), who gave birth to three sons and six daughters. The eldest son, Joseph Clemens Weyhe (1807–1871), succeeded him as horticultural director.

On January 26, 1818 Weyhe was from the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Awarded the Order of the Red Eagle 3rd class on the white and orange ribbon. In 1824 he was appointed to the city council.

Weyhe died shortly after his wife's death on October 25, 1846 and was buried in the Golzheim cemetery, which he expanded and embellished in 1816 . A few years later, a memorial in his honor, the work of the Cologne sculptor Karl Hoffmann (1816–1872), was erected in the Hofgarten.

Works (selection)

Fonts

  • as editor: Plantæ medicinales or collection of official plants with lithographic illustrations by Aimé Constant Fidèle Henry (1801–1875) and descriptions by MF Weyhe, JW Wolter, PW Funke, continued by Nees von Esenbeck , Arnz & Comp. , Düsseldorf 1828. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Plantae officinales or collection of officinal plants . With 552 colored lithographs by A. Henry, descriptions by MF Weyhe, JW Wolter and PW Funke. Continued (from 1823) by Th. Fr. L. Nees v. Esenbeck. 4 volumes. Panel volumes under the title: Plantae medicinales or collection of official plants. Lithographic institute Arnz, Düsseldorf (1821-) 1833.

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

  • Margaret Ritter: Biographies of European horticultural artists: Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe (1775–1846). Garden director in Düsseldorf in the first half of the 19th century. In: Stadt u. Grün, Heft 3, 2000, pp. 186-191.
  • Margaret Ritter: Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe (1775-1846). His life's work and the garden art of his time. Dissertation, Institute for Art History, University of Stuttgart, 2001
  • Margaret Ritter: Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe (1775-1846). A life for garden art. (= Sources and research on the history of the Lower Rhine, edited by the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein, Volume 7 and publications from the Düsseldorf City Archives, Volume 13) Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-3054-5 .
  • Helmut Schildt: Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe and his parks. Triltsch Verlag, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7998-0050-6
  • Carsten Seick: Studies on landscaped gardens and parks in Westphalia-Lippe with special consideration of the facilities of private clients. Dissertation of the Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster 1996, pp. 262–285. Full text: PDF
  • Henrike von Werder: Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe (1775–1846) and his “English” landscape garden in the Rhineland . In: Die Gartenkunst 28 (2/2017), pp. 306–312.

Web links

Commons : Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The court gardener Weyhe zu Pempelfort successor to the late Schang zu Grafenberg , in Personal Chronik Kreis Düsseldorf, 1824
personal data
SURNAME Weyhe, Maximilian Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German garden architect
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1775
PLACE OF BIRTH Bonn
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1846
Place of death Dusseldorf