Swan mirror

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Swan mirror
Düsseldorf - Waterway - Ständehauspark - Schwanenspiegel 01 ies.jpg
Geographical location Unterbilk , Düsseldorf , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
Tributaries Southern Düssel from the Kaiserteich
Drain Southern Düssel → Spee'scher Graben
Data
Coordinates 51 ° 13 '6.3 "  N , 6 ° 46' 24.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 13 '6.3 "  N , 6 ° 46' 24.4"  E
length 240 m
width 100 m
Düsseldorf and its surroundings 1809.jpg
Plan of the city of Düsseldorf with the old town, Carlstadt and their immediate surroundings after 1810 and the demolition of the fortifications.
Template: Coordinate / Maintenance / POSKARTE inappropriate

The Schwanenspiegel in Düsseldorf-Unterbilk is one of the bodies of water that emerged from the original protective waters of the Düsseldorf fortifications after it was razed in 1802. With the Kaiserteich pond to the south , a double pond is formed, which is largely separated by two peninsulas and whose two bodies of water are only connected by a narrow, bridged water connection.

location

The body of water lies between Elisabethstrasse in the east and the waterway in the west. To the north is Haroldstrasse with the Schwanenmarkt and south of the Kaiserteiches are the Ständehaus and Ständehausstrasse . The river flows through and is fed with water from the southern Düssel .

history

According to the requirements of the Peace of Lunéville in 1801, the Düsseldorf fortifications were not allowed to be rebuilt. These consisted of bastions with offshore ravelins and protective waters. The rubble that accumulated when the fortress was laid down was used to fill the protective waters. The result was that the area in the south of the old city center became largely desolate and, in large areas, a swampy area from the beginning of the 19th century. Some of the former protective waters, such as the elongated Cameralweiher , which was located in the area of ​​the later Elisabethstrasse, were not backfilled. Since Napoleon also decreed in 1811 that the entire former site of the fortifications should become the property of the city of Düsseldorf, concrete plans for an overall concept could be made.

In 1819, under the leadership of Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe , a complete ring of parks with embedded ponds was planned around the old city center. The road modifications required to connect these parks to the old city center and the surrounding area were also part of the overall plan. This overall plan, which was based on the ideas of the English landscape garden and on which the city planner Adolph von Vagedes had also contributed, saw on the south side of Düsseldorf a large landscape garden connected to today's Königsallee around a contiguous water complex of Kaiserteich , Schwanenspiegel and Spee'schem Graben in front. Today's Haroldstrasse , which is located at the northern end of the park area, was not included in this plan.

This development plan was approved by the Prussian government in Berlin on June 4, 1831, by cabinet order. Part of the approval was that newly constructed buildings in the immediate vicinity of the entire change area were exempt from tax for 25 years. This should enable rapid development on the edges of the parks.

In the south, in front of the Berger Tor , the Spee'scher Graben area was converted in the 1830s . In addition, the redesign of the extensive wasteland and swamp area south of today's Haroldstrasse began a little later.

City map 1854 / building and leveling plan for the expansion of the city of Düsseldorf

In the area of ​​what would later become Haroldstrasse, the Paul bastion with its counterguard in front had been located. The outlines of the Schwanenspiegel and Kaiserteich waters are roughly recognizable in a “community chart” for the city of Düsseldorf, as of 1830 . From 1842 the area with the accompanying parks to the two ponds received its final shape, which largely still exists today.

The area of ​​a former counterguard was used for the two peninsulas between the two ponds. Both the city ​​moat on today's Königsallee and the Spee'sche moat were connected to the Schwanenspiegel for water supply via the southern Düssel , which takes place via the Kaiserteich . In the two city maps from “after 1810” and “1854” the situation before and after the creation of the new parks with their waters in the south of the city is shown. However, in 1854 the connection between the Schwanenspiegel and the city moat was largely still an open moat. This ditch was bridged for the southern extension of Kasernenstrasse to the new Elisabethstrasse from 1832. The complete vaulting of this open Düssel connection and laying underground from Königsallee took place in 1856.

In 1869 the city of Düsseldorf bought the Lohhof site , the land of which was west of the Schwanenspiegel and south of the Kaiserteich, and leased it for 12 years. Part of the lease agreement was the requirement to build and operate a restaurant on the southern bank of the Kaiserteich pond.

Fisherman's house on the Schwanenspiegel, around 1900
Kaiserteich

In 1875 the area south of the Kaiserteiches from the former Lohhof was made available by the city to the government of the Rhine province free of charge. The Ständehaus was built on this site as a replacement for the Provincial Parliament, which was previously located in the Düsseldorf Palace , which burned down in 1872 .

Because of the erection of the Ständehaus, the restaurant on the building site had to be demolished. The “fisherman's house” on the west bank of the Schwanenspiegel was rebuilt around 1876 as a replacement . This was very popular with the population, as it offered boat rentals, gondola rides and weekly open-air concerts in the summer, and an ice rink was built in the winter, if it was cold enough. The sums of the lease contracts for the restaurant and the boat rental are listed in the municipal budget continuously up to 1914. During the Second World War the fisherman's house was completely destroyed, then renewed and reopened in 1951.

Others

As with all of the built-up bodies of water in the city, Schwanenspiegel and Kaiserteich also had to be regularly desludged and the bank areas cleaned and revised. In the city's budgets from the second half of the 19th century, the corresponding amounts for this work are regularly listed. When the northern lakeshore at the confluence of Poststrasse and Haroldstrasse was reworked, this bank area was built over 37 m in length in 1882, and the water from the Düssel in this area was diverted into the Spee'schen Graben via a new connecting channel.

In the 1880s, the city of Düsseldorf built a sewage network with main and secondary collectors. With the completion of the various sections, the street drainage could be connected in the relevant urban areas. The previous discharge of this wastewater into the various open waters and the Düssel no longer existed after the enclosure. For Schwanenspiegel and Kaiserteich, the discharge of street sewage from Herzogstraße and Elisabethstraße was ended in 1884. This significantly reduced the amount of dirt entering these bodies of water and the time intervals between regular desludging were extended.

Web links

Commons : Swan Mirror  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( Notes )
  2. ^ Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary of Düsseldorf , p. [397] 380.
  3. ↑ a b Düsseldorf / Statistisches Amt, in: Verwaltungsbericht der Landeshauptstadt , 1914/19 p. [24] XXII. Online version
  4. ↑ See plan of the city of Düsseldorf with its immediate surroundings, 1819/20 (exhibition catalog no. 6.50). In: Wieland Koenig (Ed.): Düsseldorfer Gartenlust . Exhibition catalog of the City Museum of the State Capital Düsseldorf for the exhibition of the same name, Düsseldorf 1987, p. 116, 117
  5. ↑ Official Journal for the Düsseldorf administrative region, in: Building plan of the city of Düsseldorf No. 4442 , 1831, No. 64, p. [403] 406.
  6. ^ In: Note from the city of Düsseldorf from October 20, 2008 / Parkanlagen am Ständehaus . Online version
  7. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Düsseldorf, history from the origins to the 20th century. Verlag Schwann / Patmos, 1988, Volume 2, pp. 396 + 397. ISBN 3-491-34222-8
  8. ^ In: Administrative report for the year 1856 and budget of the city of Düsseldorf . 1856, p. [55] 56.
  9. ^ Düsseldorf / Statistisches Amt, in: Report on the status and administration of community affairs , 1861-1914, p. [4] 2. Online version
  10. ↑ Online presence of the city of Düsseldorf, under: Gartenamt-Parkanlagen / Park am Ständehaus .
  11. ^ Düsseldorf / Statistisches Amt, in: Report on the status and administration of community affairs , 1861–1914, p. [11] 11. Online version
  12. ↑ Example: In: Household Budget of the City of Düsseldorf , 1880 p. [90] 7. Online version
  13. ^ Düsseldorf / Statistisches Amt, in: Verwaltungsbericht der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf , 1949/51 p. [63] 59. Online version
  14. ↑ Example: In: Household Budget of the City of Düsseldorf , 1878, p. [95] 98. Online version
  15. ↑ Düsseldorf / Statistisches Amt, in: Report on the status and administration of community affairs , 1882/83, p. [151] 151. Online version
  16. ↑ Düsseldorf / Statistisches Amt, in: Report on the status and administration of community affairs , 1884/85, p. [131] 138. Online version

Remarks

  1. ↑ Since, for example, the new safety harbor, which was built in 1811 , is shown in the plan, the plan from January 1, 1809 shows some of the planned but not yet implemented facilities.
  2. ↑ The permit covered the entire former fortress area from the security port in the north of the city. Changes in the area of ​​the old core city and the banks of the Rhine were also included. As far as private property was concerned, the owners were obliged not to prevent the execution.