Spee'scher Graben

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Spee'scher Graben
Düsseldorf - Haroldstrasse - Spee'scher Graben 01 ies.jpg
Geographical location Carlstadt , Düsseldorf , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
Tributaries from the swan mirror
Drain Inner southern Düssel
Data
Coordinates 51 ° 13 '14 "  N , 6 ° 46' 12"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 13 '14 "  N , 6 ° 46' 12"  E
length 320 m
width 160 m
Fortress plan v. Düsseldorf, color. Hand drawing, 1759.jpg
Plan de Dusseldorff , 1759: fortress town and citadel Düsseldorf with approaches of the Spee'schen trench
Template: Coordinate / Maintenance / POSKARTE inappropriate

The Spee Graben is one of the waters in the Düsseldorf Carlstadt , consisting of the original protective waters of the fortifications of Duesseldorf after razing incurred by the defenses from the 1802nd

location

The body of water lies between Poststrasse in the east and Berger Allee in the west. To the north lies the namesake of the body of water, the Palais Spee with its associated garden area, now the Düsseldorf City Museum , and to the south the streets Carlstor and Haroldstrasse . The river flows through and is fed with water from the southern Düssel . A peninsula, which is accessible from the Poststrasse, divides the body of water into a larger southern part and a narrower northern part. The latter is located south and east of the Palais Spee.

history

Until the end of the 18th century, the city of Düsseldorf was a fortress city. The original earthworks and simple city walls with additional protective waters from the 13th century, which were fed by the Düssel , developed over the following centuries through extensions with renovations and additional structures such as the citadel in the south, the additional bastions in the north, west and south of the City extensive fortifications. These were additionally protected by upstream moats, which received the water flow through two arms of the river, while the Rhine shielded the west of the city.

Spee'scher Graben with remains of the wall of the bastion

According to the requirements of the Peace of Lunéville in 1801, the blown up fortifications could not be rebuilt. Before the agreed withdrawal of the French after the peace treaty, they blew up the fortifications. When the destroyed fortress structures were dismantled from 1802 onwards, the protective waters were also modified and large areas were filled in with rubble until 1810. However, some areas have been converted into ponds and open moats.

The renovation created a ring of parks with ponds that largely surround the old town center. The following areas were newly created:

The port of Berger remained unchanged at the beginning of the 19th century , and was converted from the protective waters in the south of the old town when the citadel was built into a port in the early 17th century . This old port was filled in in 1831, as its protective port function was taken over by the security port built in 1810 in the north in front of the old town.

The Spee'sche Graben, which was laid out in 1806, and the associated park, like the other parks and ponds mentioned, are largely still in place today. It was created in the area of ​​the former Marie Amalie bastion , of which some areas of the wall are still preserved and visible. The current shape of the water with the bank areas was created in the 1830s according to plans by the horticulturist Maximilian Weyhe . Around 1885 a new direct connection between Spee'schem Graben and the Rhine was planned and implemented as part of flood protection.

Northern end of the Spee'schen Graben with a drain

Parts of the associated parks and gardens were originally not open to the public because they belonged to the grounds of the palace. For example, the peninsula was not opened to the public until after 1945. The garden to the east of the palace was acquired by the city in the 1960s and also opened to the public afterwards.

While changes to the scope of the park and water facilities were made after the Second World War, especially on the land crown in the Hofgarten (extension of Kaiserstraße to the south through the Hofgarten), Spee'scher Graben and Schwanenspiegel and their associated park areas remained largely unchanged. However, the bank areas of the Spee'schen Graben and the associated park and garden areas have been redesigned more frequently with the inflow and outflow of the Düssel. Shortly after the Second World War, the historicist railing designed by Adolf Schill for the Oberkassel Bridge along Poststrasse, which was blown up in 1945, was reused as a parapet. The bank area in front of the remains of the wall of the bastion was not overgrown with trees in the 1930s, as was the peninsula, as it was then until the 2010s. According to the current plans, the trees in front of the bastion wall will be largely removed and heavily thinned out on the peninsula in order to improve the visibility of the water as well as the remaining wall of the bastion. Furthermore, the paths in the garden area and on the peninsula are to be largely adapted to the historical design.

Others

Since the Spee'sche Graben is largely a stagnant body of water , despite the inflow from the Düssel , in which turbid matter, in autumn the leaves of the bank trees and dying aquatic plants settle, it silts up relatively quickly. The water is therefore desludged at short intervals in order to prevent the formation of swamp gas with an odor nuisance for the nearby urban areas. Therefore, since the 1880s until today, amounts of money for cleaning have been regularly listed in the budget of the city of Düsseldorf. Furthermore, the banks of the water are being re-paved more frequently. For this, too, sums are occasionally given in the household budget, such as 1884.

Until the end of the 19th century, the urban waters were leased for fishing. For the Spee'schen Graben from 1878 to 1891, a lease fee of 75 marks per year is listed in the budget of the city of Düsseldorf, which was paid by the imperial counts of Spee .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( Notes )
  2. ^ Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary of Düsseldorf , p. [397] 380.
  3. ↑ Press service of the state capital Düsseldorf, in: Note from October 20, 2008 .
  4. ^ Press service of the state capital Düsseldorf, in: Note from January 10, 2014 .
  5. ^ Report of the administration of the city of Düsseldorf, in: Statistisches Amt / Flood Protection , Period 1884/85, p. [134] 134.
  6. ^ Press service of the state capital Düsseldorf, in: Note from January 10, 2008 .
  7. ^ Press service of the state capital Düsseldorf, in: Note from January 23, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Press service of the state capital Düsseldorf, in: Note from December 9, 2009 .
  9. ↑ Example: In: Household Budget of the City of Düsseldorf 1885 , p. [142] 142. Online version
  10. ↑ Example: In: household budget of the city of Düsseldorf 1958 , p. [331] 64. Online version
  11. ^ Budget budget of the city of Düsseldorf 1885, in: new shore area Bilker Allee , p. [143] 143. Online version
  12. ↑ Budget budget of the city of Düsseldorf, in: Fischfang urban waters, revenue , 1878/79, p. [70] 12. Online version

Web links

Commons : Spee'scher Graben  - Collection of images, videos and audio files