Oberkassel Bridge
Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 54 ″ N , 6 ° 46 ′ 3 ″ E
| Oberkassel Bridge | ||
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| Convicted | State road 392 | |
| Crossing of | Rhine | |
| place | Dusseldorf | |
| construction | Cable-stayed bridge | |
| overall length | 614.72 meters | |
| width | 35 meters | |
| Longest span | 257.75 meters | |
| opening | April 1976 | |
| planner | Hans Grassl | |
| location | ||
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The Oberkasseler Brücke is a cable-stayed bridge between Düsseldorf city center and the Oberkassel district over the Rhine for road and light rail traffic .
The fact that the bridge, which was built further north from 1969 to 1973, was first shifted to its current location in this dimension attracted worldwide attention. It was carried out on April 7th and 8th, 1976 after the temporary bridge was demolished, which had replaced the original Oberkassel bridge built between 1896 and 1898 after it was blown up shortly before the end of the Second World War .
location
As one of seven Rhine bridges in the city of Düsseldorf , the bridge crosses the Rhine at kilometer 744 and connects Düsseldorf's city center on the right bank of the Rhine with the Oberkassel district on the left bank of the Rhine . The bridge ramp on the right bank of the Rhine forms the northern border of Düsseldorf's old town and beyond that the Pempelfort district extends to the banks of the Rhine. The Tonhalle stands here directly at the bridgehead and the complex of the Court of Honor joins to the north . South of the bridge ramp (Hofgarten ramp) the building of the Düsseldorf Art Academy dominates the picture.
The Oberkassler Bridge is the middle Rhine bridge of three cable-stayed bridges of the original Düsseldorf bridge family , which has significantly influenced the development of cable-stayed bridge constructions worldwide for many years. The Theodor-Heuss-Brücke , opened in 1957, is about two kilometers downstream and the Rheinkniebrücke, opened to traffic in 1969, is about one kilometer upstream at the other end of the historic city center of Düsseldorf formed by the old town and Carlstadt .
description
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The Oberkasseler Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a vertical pylon on the left bank of the Rhine in the central axis of the bridge and four harp-shaped ropes arranged almost symmetrically in the longitudinal direction. Its main opening, which extends from the pylon over the Rhine, has a span of 257.75 m. There the bridge girder rests on a pillar directly on the bank and is extended in a slightly modified form in order to cross the parking lot at the Untere Rheinwerft and the B 1 called Joseph-Beuys-Ufer . The bridge girder connects to the courtyard garden ramp next to the concert hall at the height of its roof terrace. The other half, on the left bank of the Rhine, bridges the flood bed. The bridge deck is supported by narrow pillars under the rope anchorages and ends on an abutment in front of the underpass of the Kaiser-Friedrich- / Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring, which is crossed by a short concrete bridge. The entire bridge structure is 615 m long.
The 103 m high pylon stands in the shallow water of the slight left curve of the river. Below the bridge deck, it consists of a massive concrete pillar clad with natural stone. Above the bridge deck there is a slender, rectangular post made of welded sheet steel, tapering slightly towards the top , which towers over the road surface by 79 m. For architectural reasons, this stem has slightly protruding edges in the longitudinal direction and a vertical bead interrupted by small transverse webs on each of the broad sides .
From the pylon, four parallel double ropes are stretched in both directions of travel to the central axis of the bridge deck, which are guided in the pylon via saddle bearings. The double ropes are arranged horizontally close to each other so that they look like a single rope from a greater distance. Each of the ropes was made from 24 fully locked wire ropes with diameters of 63 to 72.5 mm, which were bundled in a hexagonal profile, then formed into a round cable with a hydraulic rope press and then sheathed.
The steel, 35 m wide bridge deck consists of a multi-cell, 28.5 m wide box girder with 3.25 m cantilevered sidewalk girders. Its 10 m wide median is required for the pylon and the rope anchorages as well as for the two light rail tracks. Next to it are the two 9.25 m wide directional lanes, each with two lanes and one cycle lane, the 3 m wide sidewalks and the 0.25 m wide edge for the railing. At the edge of the sidewalks and cycle paths in the direction of the road there are vertical lighting masts.
Two tram tracks , lanes (one for each direction of travel) each with two lanes and one cycle lane, as well as sidewalks that are also open to cyclists, lead over the Oberkassler Bridge . The bridge is the central part of a street that includes Heinrich-Heine-Allee and Luegallee . Until 1957 - before the opening of the Theodor-Heuss-Brücke - the federal highway 7 still crossed the bridge and the bridge thus played a role in national German road traffic, after that - especially since the Rheinkniebrücke has existed - it only serves urban traffic Connection traffic between the districts of Ober- and Niederkassel , Lörick and Heerdt on the left bank of the Rhine and the city center on the other.
The Oberkassler Bridge plays an important role in the local public transport that connects cities . Originally built between 1896 and 1898 by the Rheinische Bahngesellschaft primarily for this purpose, it is a necessary part of the only urban railway line that still crosses the Rhine today. The five tram lines U 70, U 74, U 76, U 77 and U 75 that cross the bridge not only connect the districts on the left bank of the Rhine to the Düsseldorf light rail network , but also connect the neighboring cities of Krefeld , Meerbusch and Neuss with Düsseldorf.
history
The Oberkasseler Brücke is the oldest Düsseldorf Rhine bridge for private transport. After the Hammer Railway Bridge , it is the second fixed Rhine bridge in Düsseldorf.
The first Oberkassel bridge was built as part of the K-Bahn from 1896 to 1898 on behalf of the Rheinische Bahngesellschaft AG and on the initiative and funding of the Rheinbahn founders Heinrich Lueg , Franz Haniel junior , Friedrich Vohwinkel and August Bagel "the younger" Opened in 1898. Its two large iron truss arches, each with a span of around 181 meters, and the four shorter arches over the Düsseldorf Rheinwerft and the flat Oberkasseler Ufer were planned by the engineer Reinhold Krohn and executed by Gutehoffnungshütte in ( Oberhausen -) Sterkrade . The two historic gate towers and the superstructures of the central pillar with the figure of the Bergisch lion looking up the Rhine , as well as the bridge railing, were designed by the Düsseldorf architect and painter Adolf Schill , who has been professor of decoration and ornamentation at the Düsseldorf Art Academy since 1880 . The portals were not only important focal points of Luegallee and the bank of the Rhine , which was roughly parallel to the bridge construction , but at the same time also stations for paying the initially levied bridge toll . All massive components were made by the construction company Philipp Holzmann & Cie. GmbH executed. The construction costs amounted to around six million marks . In order to be able to create the portal and the bridge access on the eastern bank of the Rhine, the security harbor located there was filled in. This was possible because on May 30, 1896, the first facilities of today's port on the Lausward were opened.
The bridge not only improved navigation on the Rhine by making the previous pontoon bridge on the banks of the old town, which was an obstacle to shipping, unnecessary. It also improved the inter-regional terrestrial individual traffic and the connection to the mayor's office in Heerdt , to which Oberkassel also belonged, and was a major step towards the later incorporation of these districts into Düsseldorf. In Oberkassel, after completion of the bridge and the opening of the K-Bahn that runs on it, a kind of construction boom set in. The areas near the shore in particular have become a preferred residential area close to the city center.
In 1925/1926, the Oberkassel Bridge was reinforced and widened in line with the increased traffic. The tram line was separated from the roadway; the tracks were now on the outside of the bridge arches. The superstructures on the bridge piers were completely removed. The Düsseldorf architect Eduard Lyonel Wehner was involved in this renovation .
After 1933 the building was given to commemorate the Battle of Jutland of the First World War the name Skagerrak Bridge . Like all other Düsseldorf Rhine bridges, the Skagerrak Bridge was blown up by the Wehrmacht on March 3, 1945 in order to delay the advance of the British and Americans across the Rhine.
In the same year, British pioneers erected a pontoon bridge , known as the Freeman Bridge , in its place and opened on October 4, 1945. This construction, which a British military government newspaper praised as a “masterpiece of engineering”, was damaged by ice in 1947 , which left it out of action for four months, and destroyed in a ship accident in December of the same year . In 1948, the temporary temporary bridge made of “the heaviest German pioneer material” was completed as a long-term temporary solution. Already in December 1947 it was opened to traffic with the northern pedestrian walkway and in February 1948 with the southern one.
Due to the increasing traffic, the head of the Düsseldorf city planning office and architect Friedrich Tamms soon started planning to relieve the Oberkassel temporary bridge and its subsequent new construction. First, the Theodor Heuss Bridge, planned by Fritz Leonhardt and modified according to Tamms' ideas, was opened to traffic in 1957. Then Tamms also commissioned the planning of the Oberkassel Bridge and the Rheinknie Bridge , with Fritz Leonhardt in charge of the Rheinknie Bridge and Hans Grassl for the Oberkasseler Bridge and the responsible department head as the architect responsible for the formal design . Since, for economic reasons, only a cable-stayed bridge was possible for the required span and Tamms did not want to disturb the cityscape with pylons on the right bank, it was decided to use a single-hip bridge with only one pylon stem on the left bank. The close relationship between the three bridges resulted not only from the cooperation of all those involved in the short planning period, but was also promoted by Tamms.
Since the traffic on the old Oberkassel bridge could not be impaired, the Rheinkniebrücke had to be built first. The new Oberkassel bridge was then built, initially a little upstream between 1969 and 1973, while traffic continued to flow over the old bridge. After the provisional traffic opening in December 1973, traffic was diverted to the new bridge, while the old one was demolished and the final substructure for the new bridge was prepared in its place. After the temporary bridge in Oberkassel was demolished in 1947/48, the large parts were recycled in the iron industry of the Ruhr area. The parts of the historicist wrought-iron bridge railing designed by Adolf Schill, which existed before 1945, were given a new place on the edge of the park at the Ständehaus am Schwanenspiegel along Haroldstraße and at Spee'schen Graben along Poststraße.
The relocation of the bridge on April 7th and 8th, 1976 was spectacular. The complete superstructure of the bridge including the pylon and stay cables with a total weight of 12,500 tons was pulled 47.5 meters downstream to the place of the old bridge. This move took place at a speed of 3.6 meters per hour (corresponds to one millimeter per second), lasted thirteen hours and was carried out using two hydraulic presses that overcame a resistance of 375 tons with rods. The bridge slid on mirror-like steel plates with the help of Teflon washers. The connections were made in just three weeks, and traffic was finally opened on April 30, 1976.
At the end of the 1980s, the Tonhalle / Ehrenhof underground station was built on the eastern bridge ramp. The Düsseldorf Stadtbahn began operations on August 6, 1988 with routes across the Oberkassel Bridge.
See also
literature
- Paul Ernst Wentz: Architectural Guide Düsseldorf , Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1975, object no. 75 B
- Senior City Director of the State Capital Düsseldorf (Ed.): Bridges for Düsseldorf 1961-62 . Springer, Berlin approx. 1963
Web links
- Oberkassel Bridge. In: Structurae
- Site of the city of Düsseldorf
- Fig. Of the old Oberkassel bridge structures
- Village stories: The Oberkasseler Bridge . center.tv, YouTube video, 4:01 min
- Photo of the Oberkassel Bridge 1973 (digit.wdr.de)
Individual evidence
- ^ Holger Svensson: Cable-stayed bridges. 40 years of experience worldwide . Ernst & Sohn, Weinheim 2011, p. 60
- ^ Gerhard Mehlhorn (Ed.): Handbook bridges. 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-04422-9 , p. 92.
- ^ Hans Grassl: The new Oberkassel Rhine bridge. In: Oberstadtdirektor der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf (Hrsg.): Brücken für Düsseldorf 1961-62 . Springer, Berlin approx. 1963, p. 59 ff.
- ↑ Description of the sculpture in "Düsseldorf on the Net"
- ^ Rheinbahn: History 1898
- ^ Friedrich Schaarschmidt: On the history of Düsseldorf art, especially in the XIX. Century . published by the Art Association for the Rhineland and Westphalia , Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902, p. 353, archive.org
- ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt : Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf . Triltsch Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983, p. 191.
- ^ Friedrich Tamms: Planning and design. In: Oberstadtdirektor der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf (Ed.): Bridges for Düsseldorf 1961–62 . Springer, Berlin approx. 1963, p. 7ff.
- ^ Remodeling in Düsseldorf 1973, photo by fotobö
- ↑ Old grid 1973, photo by fotobö
- ^ Press office of the state capital Düsseldorf in cooperation with the bridge and tunnel construction office, Dr.-Ing. R. Recknagel: Lateral displacement of the Oberkasseler Bridge , 1976.
- ^ Hans-Joachim Neisser: A bridge is being moved. In: DIE ZEIT No. 14/1976 of March 26, 1976.
|
The next bridge upstream: Rheinkniebrücke |
Bridges over the Rhine |
The next bridge downstream: Theodor-Heuss-Brücke (Düsseldorf) |