Adolf Schill

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Adolf Schill

Adolf Schill , often also Adolph Schill (born May 14, 1848 in Stuttgart , † November 10, 1911 in Düsseldorf ), was a German architect , interior designer , craftsman , illustrator and painter of historicism . As a university lecturer, he worked at the Düsseldorf Art Academy between 1880 and 1911 , thus helping to shape the later phase of the Düsseldorf School of Painting . Sculpture students also studied with him.

Life

Schill attended the Royal United Art, Real and Commercial School in Stuttgart from 1864 to 1870 , where he was taught by the eclecticist Christian Friedrich von Leins in architecture and Adolf Gnauth in style . From 1870 to 1874 he deepened his architectural knowledge while building the Vienna Ring Theater under Emil von Förster . He then went on a two-year educational trip to Italy , which had a lasting impact on his sense of beauty. Later he traveled several times to Italy again. Between 1876 and 1880 Schill - as the successor to Wilhelm Sophonias Bäumer - edited the magazine Gewerbehalle , the "Organ for Progress in All Branches of the Art Industry" published by the Engelhorn publishing house in Stuttgart . In 1880 Schill - as the successor to Wilhelm Lotz , who suddenly died in 1879 - became professor of decoration and ornamentation at the Düsseldorf Art Academy; He held this position until the end of his life in 1911. As head of a so-called “decoration” or “architecture class”, he imparted to many students basic knowledge of style and architecture, which were indispensable for the execution of monumental wall paintings. He put together a “collection of gypsum casts from craft and decorative samples” for teaching purposes. Schill's watercolor paintings , which he made after studying travel, had a great influence on his students. Like many other actors in Düsseldorf's art scene, Schill was a member of the “Malkasten” artists' association . In public life in Düsseldorf, Schill appeared as a judge in competitions for the erection of monuments, such as the Moltkedenkmal .

In 1882 Schill married Emmy Simons (born August 30, 1858 in Elberfeld) in the Trinity Church in Elberfeld , a niece of the architect Walter Kyllmann , who gave birth to Lisbeth, Adolf, Addy and Lore . In 1889, Schill lived with his family at Blumenstrasse 12, at that time a street in a newly built district of Düsseldorf that was built in the early days of the Wilhelminian era . In January 1912 Schill was honored with a commemorative exhibition in the Kunstgewerbemuseum of the city of Düsseldorf . Heinrich Kraeger gave the commemorative speech .

plant

The theater of Pompey with the temple of Venus Victrix , book illustration
Auditorium of the Düsseldorf Art Academy , photo around 1900
Pen mosaics on the facades of the Düsseldorf Art Academy
Mural family tree of the Bergisch rulers in the ancestral hall of the castle castle
Right bank pillar of the old Oberkassel Bridge after completion, on June 9, 1898
Bridge railing of the old Oberkassel Bridge (left), today the parapet at Spee'schen Graben in Carlstadt , photo 2012

As a painter, Schill was known as a painter at the end of the 19th century, in addition to Adolf Seel, above all for watercolors that reproduce “pieces of architecture”, in particular architectural impressions from Italy. In the arts and crafts sector, he has been creating illustrations as well as so-called ornamental pieces and vignettes as book decorations since the 1870s . After a study trip to Belgium, he published the travel sketches made there with architectural motifs in 1870. In 1891 Schill was called in to design the Friedenssaal in Osnabrück City Hall .

As an architect, Schill accepted various private assignments. At the end of the 19th century he was given a special opportunity to realize architectural ideas when he was commissioned by the banker and city councilor Moritz Leiffmann (1853–1921) to build the upper-class Villa Leiffmann in the Golzheim district of Düsseldorf . Schill designed an eclectic building with two towers that was reminiscent of a villa from the Italian Renaissance . In Düsseldorf, the painter Georg Oeder also brought him in for the interior design of his house at the Hofgarten . Until the 1890s, Schill developed - together with Peter Janssen the Elder. Ä. - the decorative equipment of the auditorium of the new Art Academy building in Düsseldorf, completed in 1879 . The widely vaunted total work of art was shown to interested strangers for a fee at the end of the 1890s. Academy director Walter Kaesbach had the historical furnishings of the auditorium removed except for Janssen's paintings in the course of his “academy reform” around 1930 and had the walls decorated in gold, a measure that Paul Clemen criticized in 1944 as not justified.

Another collaboration between Schill and Janssen resulted in tombs in Kleve, Dortmund and Düsseldorf. He also designed the silver table decorations that the Prussian Rhine Province and the Province of Westphalia gave to the German Crown Prince couple for their wedding in 1881 . In 1894, majolica gas stoves for the King's Room and the Great Hall of the Casino zu Coblenz company were created in Meißen based on designs by Schill . Between 1896 and 1898, Schill designed the historicist portal architecture of the Oberkasseler Bridge . Around 1900, Schill created the pen mosaics on the outer facade of the upper floors of the Düsseldorf Art Academy.

From 1901 to 1902, Schill, together with Josef Kleesattel, was the overall architectural director of the Düsseldorf industrial and commercial exhibition after the first artistic director, Georg Thielen , died unexpectedly in February 1901. Together with Kleesattel, he also completed the design and construction work for their main industrial hall, in the design of which Kaiser Wilhelm II had personally interfered. In addition, together with Kleesattel, he designed the pavilion of the Rheinische Metallwaren- und Maschinenfabrik , which was built on an area of ​​30 meters by 40 meters and which was also located on the main avenue of the exhibition. Until 1904 he was head of the construction department of the international art exhibition and large horticultural exhibition in Düsseldorf. Between 1896 and 1908 Schill supported - together with the provincial curator Paul Clemen , the academy professors Eduard von Gebhardt and Peter Janssen the Elder. Ä. as well as other artists - the painting of the knight's hall of Schloss Burg an der Wupper . With his colleague Johannes Osten he created a family tree of the Bergisch rulers in Gothic ornamentation .

Student (selection)

Honor

Web links

Commons : Adolf Schill  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Archive reference to the examination work in the construction subject of the engineer Adolf Schill , 1870, Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Main State Archive Stuttgart, E 143, Bü 671  in the German Digital Library , accessed on December 24, 2013
  2. ↑ Horst Ossenberg: What remains, the master builders create. The Württemberg court and state construction from the 15th to the 20th century . Books on Demand , Norderstedt 2004, ISBN 3-8334-0633-X , p. 66.
  3. ↑ Herrmann AL Degener : Who is who? The German Who's Who . 4th edition 1909, p. 1224.
  4. ^ Entry by Adolf Schill in the historical register of architects "archthek" , section Scheben - Schittenhelm , accessed on December 23, 2013
  5. ^ Carsten Roth in: Hans Paffrath (Hrsg.): Lexicon of the Düsseldorf School of Painting 1819-1918. Volume 3: Nabert-Zwecker. Published by the Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf in the Ehrenhof and by the Paffrath Gallery. Bruckmann, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0 , p. 200 ff. With ills. 256 and 257.
  6. ↑ Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf (Ed.): Repertory of the at the Kgl. Art academy in Düsseldorf . Verlag A. Bagel, Düsseldorf 1883, p. VI.
  7. ^ Friedrich Schaarschmidt : The history of Düsseldorf art, especially in the XIX. Century . (published by the Art Association for the Rhineland and Westphalia) Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902, p. 353, archive.org
  8. ^ Journal of Fine Arts , Volume 34, 1889, p. 155.
  9. ^ Genealogy by Emmy Simons in the portal gw.geneanet.org , accessed on May 31, 2014
  10. ^ Entry in the address book of the Lord Mayor's Office in Düsseldorf 1889 in the adressbuecher.net portal , accessed on December 23, 2013
  11. ↑ Christoph on the Horst: Kraeger, Alexander August Heinrich. Pseudonym: Erich Ekkehard. In: Christoph König (Ed.), With the assistance of Birgit Wägenbaur u. a .: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950 . Volume 2: H-Q. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015485-4 , p. 998 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  12. ↑ Illustration by Adolf Schill in: Hermann Bender: Rom and Roman life in antiquity . Verlag der Laupp'schen Buchhandlung, Tübingen 1879. (First edition with nine art supplements)
  13. ^ Boris Becker: Düsseldorf in early photographs 1855-1914 . Schirmer / Mosel 1990, subtitle to Fig. 82
  14. ↑ Art exhibitions d. J. 1890 in Germany (Dresden) . In: Meyers Konversationslexikon , Volume 18, Annual Supplement 1890/91, p. 542 ( online )
  15. ↑ Exhibition catalog Masterdrawings Summer 2013 (PDF) in the winterberg-kunst.de portal , accessed on December 23, 2013
  16. ↑ Entry Schill, Adolf in the stiftung-volmer.de portal , accessed on December 23, 2013
  17. ↑ See, for example, overview of full pictures in Rudolf von Stillfried-Alcantara , Bernhard von Kugler : The Hohenzollern and the German Fatherland . Reprint, Europäische Geschichtsverlag, Book on Demand, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86382-698-7 ( online )
  18. ^ Adolph Schill: Architectural travel sketches from Belgium . Verlag Emil Hochdanz, Stuttgart 1870 ( online )
  19. ↑ Falk Wiesemann: Steep rise in the upper middle class. The Villa Leiffmann in Düsseldorf . (PDF) In: Kalymnos , contributions to German-Jewish history from the Salomon-Ludwig-Steinheim-Institut, 3rd year 2000, extra sheet, p. 23; Retrieved from the steinheim-institut.de portal on December 23, 2013
  20. ↑ Contribution to Villa Leiffmann ( memento from December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) in the portal schaffendesvolk.sellerie.de (Stefanie Schäfers: Vom Werkbund zum Vierjahresplan. The exhibition Schaffendes Volk, Düsseldorf 1937. (= Sources and research on the history of the Lower Rhine , Volume 4.) (= contributions from the Research Center for Architectural History and Monument Preservation of the Bergische Universität - Wuppertal University , Volume XI.) Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2001, ISBN 3-7700-3045-1 ), accessed on December 23, 2013
  21. ↑ Illustration of Villa Leiffmann ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), website in the schaffendesvolk.sellerie.de portal , accessed on May 2, 2015
  22. ^ Wend von Kalnein : The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 180.
  23. ^ Dietrich Schubert: The art of Lehmbruck . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1990, p. 77.
  24. ↑ Andreas Sassen, Claudia Sassen: The origin of the history pictures in the knight's hall of Castle Burg an der Wupper. Excursus / Appendix . ( Memento of December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) In: Contributions to home history , Solingen 2009, p. 27; Retrieved December 23, 2013
  25. ^ Werner Wilhelm Weichelt: Casino zu Coblenz 1808-1908 . Verlag Gebrüder Breuer, 1908, p. 55.
  26. ↑ Historical photo of the portal architecture (1910) on bilderbuch-duesseldorf.de , accessed on December 24, 2013
  27. ↑ The historicist bridge railing designed by Schill belonged to the first Oberkassel bridge built shortly before the turn of the century, which was blown up in March 1945 by the retreating German troops. After the temporary bridge was dismantled in 1973, the parts of the artistically forged bridge railing were reused as parapets on Poststrasse ( Spee'scher Graben ) and Haroldstrasse ( Schwanenspiegel , park at the Ständehaus ). - See a bridge is moved , article from March 26, 1976 in the portal zeit.de , accessed on August 11, 2016
  28. ^ Wilhelm Avenarius: Düsseldorf and Bergisches Land. Landscape, history, folk, culture, art. (= Library of German Regional Studies, West Germany Department , Volume 2.) Glock and Lutz, Nuremberg 1982, p. 231.
  29. ↑ Willy Weyres: University buildings . In: Eduard Trier, Willy Weyres (Ed.): Art of the 19th century in the Rhineland . tape 2 . Architecture: II, profane buildings a. Urban planning . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1980, ISBN 3-590-30252-6 , pp. 155–173, see p. 169 f .
  30. ↑ Melanie Florin: The majolica house from Villeroy & Boch in the Düsseldorf court garden. (PDF) Grupello Verlag, Düsseldorf 2006, ISBN 3-89978-057-4 , p. 24; Portal grupello.de ; Retrieved December 23, 2013
  31. ^ Friedrich Schaarschmidt: On the history of Düsseldorf art, especially in the XIX. Century. (published by the Art Association for the Rhineland and Westphalia ) Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902, p. 353, archive.org
  32. ^ Rheinisch-Westfälische Industrie- und Gewerbeausstellung Düsseldorf 1902. ( Memento from December 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) on kmkbuecholdt.de; Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  33. ↑ Alexander Fils: The 'Small World Exhibition' in Düsseldorf 1902 in old views . Zaltbommel 1982, ISBN 978-90-288-1865-1 , No. 35. ( digital version of an excerpt )
  34. ↑ Andreas Sassen, Claudia Sassen: The origin of the history pictures in the knight's hall of Castle Burg an der Wupper. ( Memento from December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) In: Contributions to local history. Solingen 2009, p. 9 ff .; Retrieved December 23, 2013
  35. ↑ Adolf Schill: Historical explanations on the family tree of the Bergische sovereigns in the ancestral hall of the castle castle. On behalf of the Art Association for Rhineland and Westphalia, carried out according to drafts, drawings and under the direction of Adolf Schill, Professor at the Kgl. Art Academy in Düsseldorf, 1906–1908.
  36. ^ Son of the naturalist Julius von Haast
  37. ↑ Signature of the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf for Dirk Loth: BR 0004, No. 1561, sheet 532V in 1885, sheet 576V and 578V in 1886, class for ornamentation and decoration, teacher Adolf Schill
  38. ↑ Inventory list , website on the malkasten.org portal , accessed on June 10, 2016
  39. ↑ Holding signature of the Düsseldorf Art Academy for Johannes Osten: BR 0004 No. 1562 becomes Johannes Osten, also Johann or NN Osten from Cologne. in sheet 31V, 70V, 72V, 191V and 233V, from 1888 to 1893 in the class for ornamentation and decoration of Adolf Schill
  40. ↑ Inventory signature of the Düsseldorf Art Academy for Alfred Sohn: BR 0004 No. 1562, sheet: 70V, 114V, 152V and 191V, from 1889 to 1892, class for ornamentation and decoration, teacher Adolf Schill
  41. ↑ Bettina Baumgärtel, Sabine Schroyen, Lydia Immerheiser, Sabine Teichgröb: Directory of foreign artists. Nationality, residence and studies in Düsseldorf . In: Sabine Baumgärtel (Ed.): The Düsseldorf School of Painting and its international impact 1819–1918 . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9 , Volume 1, pp. 425-443
personal data
SURNAME Schill, Adolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schill, Adolph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect, interior designer, craftsman, painter and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH May 14, 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH November 10, 1911
Place of death Dusseldorf