Wilhelm Lehmbruck
Wilhelm Lehmbruck (born January 4, 1881 in Meiderich near Duisburg , † March 25, 1919 in Berlin ) was a German sculptor , graphic artist and medalist .
Live and act
Lehmbruck was born as the fourth child of a family of miners . After elementary school he attended the Düsseldorf School of Applied Arts on the recommendation of his teacher until his father's death in 1899 . During this time he made his living with illustrations of scientific books and with decoration work. In 1901, he began at the Düsseldorf Art Academy , a study under Karl Janssen , whose master class he was.
In 1906, after completing his studies, he became a member of the Association of Düsseldorf Artists and the Société nationale des beaux-arts in Paris , in whose annual exhibition in the Grand Palais he participated from 1907.
In 1908 he married Anita Kaufmann, and his son Gustav Wilhelm was born a year later. With the support of the art collector Carl Nolden, he moved his permanent residence to Paris in 1910, where he first took part in the progressive Salon d'Automne in the autumn of the same year . Here he also made the acquaintance of Alexander Archipenko and other artists. Works by him were shown in exhibitions in Berlin , Cologne , Munich and in 1913 in the Armory Show in New York. In 1913 his second son Manfred Lehmbruck was born in Paris. A year later, the Paul Levesque Gallery in Paris held the first major exhibition devoted exclusively to his work. After the outbreak of World War I, Lehmbruck returned to Germany, moved to Berlin and worked in a studio at Fehlerstrasse 1 in Berlin-Friedenau, not far from the Noack bronze foundry. In 1914 he was hired as a paramedic in the auxiliary hospital in Berlin-Friedenau. In mid-January 1916 admission as a war painter in Strasbourg , then exemption from military service due to an officially certified hearing loss. In the same year he had his first major solo exhibition in the Kunsthalle Mannheim , thanks to its director Fritz Wichert.
From December 1916 he lived and worked in Zurich , where his third son Guido was born in 1917. During the war years he created works that are considered to be the highlights of his work. At the beginning of 1919 he came back to Berlin for a portrait assignment. He probably never found out about the appointment as a member of the Prussian Academy of the Arts , which he was informed of at the Zurich address.
Lehmbruck is said to have had an unrequited love for Elisabeth Bergner and, suffering from increasing depression , ended his life on March 25, 1919 . He is buried in the forest cemetery in Duisburg-Wanheimerort next to his wife Anita, where her grave can still be visited today.
Sculptural work
Lehmbruck's sculptural work revolves mainly around the human body and is influenced by both naturalism and expressionism . Most of his sculptures express suffering and misery and are anonymized, so no individual facial features or the like can be recognized. As an example, reference is made to the elongated and highly abstract figure The fallen .
Wilhelm Lehmbruck's Kniende was an eye-catcher and set the mood at documenta 1 (1955) and documenta III in 1964 in Kassel . Four stone castings were made under Lehmbruck's guidance. The sculpture was shown in Munich and elsewhere in 1937 under the title Degenerate Art and then destroyed. The Berlin kneeling woman stayed in the Kronprinzenpalais , which was then the world's first museum for contemporary art, and was not transferred to the Munich exhibition. Destroyed by the bombing of the palace in 1945, the surviving remains were exhibited in the exhibition The Black Years in the Museum für Gegenwart until 2015 . The two stone casts that have been preserved are now in the Museum of Modern Art in New York and in the Albertinum in Dresden .
With his work, Lehmbruck is one of the most important German sculptors from the first half of the 20th century, alongside Ernst Barlach and Käthe Kollwitz .
"Sleep" (1907)
"Mother and child kneeling all over (Madonna)" (1910)
"Standing female figure" (1910)
"Female Torso (Torso of the tall standing)" (1910)
"Kneeling" (1911)
"Kneeling" (1911)
"Great Minds" (1913)
"Rising Youth" (1913)
"Torso of the Sensitive" (1913/14)
"The fallen" (1915/16)
"Portrait head Fritz von Unruh" (1918)
Seated Youth (1916/17)
Woman's Head (1914)
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Aftermath
His work is presented today in the Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum in Duisburg . This was built by his son Manfred Lehmbruck , a renowned museum architect.
In Cologne , Mannheim-Feudenheim , Hamburg-Billstedt , in the Berlin district of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg and in other cities, streets are named after Wilhelm Lehmbruck.
The asteroid Lehmbruck is also named after him .
Prices
Since 1966, the Wilhelm Lehmbruck Prize has been awarded every five years in honor of the sculptor Wilhelm Lehmbruck . The prize is currently endowed with 10,000 euros and combined with a solo exhibition in the Lehmbruck Museum . From 2020, the entire prize money of 10,000 euros will be borne by the Rhineland Regional Council. The prize will then be renamed the Wilhelm Lehmbruck Prize of the City of Duisburg, funded by the LVR .
In addition to the award of the great Wilhelm Lehmbruck Prize, the city of Duisburg has donated the " Wilhelm Lehmbruck Scholarship " since 1976 .
literature
- August Hoff: Wilhelm Lehmbruck - life and work . Rembrandt-Verlag, Berlin 1961.
- Dietrich Schubert: The art of Lehmbruck . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms, 1st edition: 1981. ISBN 978-3-88462-005-2 , 2nd revised and expanded edition: 1990. ISBN 978-3-88462-055-7 .
- Siegfried Salzmann: Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919) . In: Wilhelm Janssen (Ed.): Rheinische Lebensbilder 9. Rheinland Verlag , Cologne 1982. ISBN 3-7927-0668-7 , pp. 275–282.
- Dietrich Schubert: Lehmbruck, Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 101-103 ( digitized version ).
- Hans Dieter Mück : Wilhelm Lehmbruck 1881-1919. Life work time. A reconstruction based on documents. Marix, Wiesbaden 2014.
- Marion Bornscheuer: Wilhelm Lehmbruck. Wienand's small series of artist biographies. Wienand, Cologne 2018, ISBN 978-3-86832-388-7 .
Catalog raisonnés
- Paul Westheim: Wilhelm Lehmbruck. Lehmbruck's work in 84 illustrations with a portrait by Ludwig Meidner Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, Potsdam / Berlin 1919
- Erwin Petermann [Hrsg.]: The prints by Wilhelm Lehmbruck. Directory. Hatje, Stuttgart 1964
- Gerhard dealer: Wilhelm Lehmbruck. The drawings of the ripening period. Hatje, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-7757-0188-5
- Margarita C. Lahusen: Wilhelm Lehmbruck. Paintings and large format drawings. Hirmer, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7774-6370-1 .
- Dietrich Schubert: Wilhelm Lehmbruck. Catalog raisonné of sculptures (1898–1919). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-172-6 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Wilhelm Lehmbruck in the catalog of the German National Library
- Biography of the Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg
- Materials by and about Wilhelm Lehmbruck in the documenta archive
- Works by Wilhelm Lehmbruck in the Moritzburg Art Museum
Individual evidence
- ↑ artist. Wilhelm Lehmbruck. German Society for Medal Art, accessed on November 29, 2014 .
- ↑ mannheim.de: The "Badische Sculptor" exhibition, in February 1923 ( Page no longer available , searching web archives ) Info: The link is automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed April 5, 2010.
- ↑ Wilhelm Lehmbruck ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , /www.duisburg.de, accessed on November 1, 2011.
- ^ "Image of the kneeling" in Munich, in DIE ZEIT , magazine, no. June 19, 1987, p. 6.
- ↑ Wilhelm Lehmbruck "Die Kniende" ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Lehmbruckstr. in the German street directory ( Memento of the original dated November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
- ↑ The Wilhelm Lehmbruck Prize ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on the Lehmbruck Museum website, accessed on July 28, 2012.
- ↑ Press release: LVR funds Lehmbruck Museum. Landschaftsverband Rheinland , April 11, 2019, accessed on April 12, 2019 .
- ^ The Wilhelm-Lehmbruck-Scholarship ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the city of Duisburg, accessed on July 28, 2012.
- ↑ Raimund Stecker is not very satisfied with the biography, see his review in Literarisches Welt , April 11, 2015, p. 4
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lehmbruck, Wilhelm |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German sculptor and graphic artist and medalist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 4, 1881 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Meiderich near Duisburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 25, 1919 |
| Place of death | Berlin |