Alexander Archipenko

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Cyrillic ( Ukrainian )
Олександр Архипенко
Transl. : Oleksandr Archypenko
Transcr. : Olexandr Archypenko

Alexander Archipenko (born May 30, 1887 in Kiev , Russian Empire , † February 25, 1964 in New York , NY ) was an American sculptor of Ukrainian origin. He is one of the pioneers of modern sculpture .

Life

Archipenko was the son of a mechanic and studied from 1902 to 1905 painting and sculpture at the Art Academy in Kiev . After a reprimand for rebellion against academic teaching methods in 1906 he worked independently in Moscow . In 1908 he left Russia in order to catch up with modern Western European plastic. He first moved to Paris , where he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts , which he left again due to the local conception of art. In 1911 he opened his first art school, joined the Section d'Or in 1912 and met Pablo Picasso, among others .

At the beginning of his work Archipenko created stylized objects with flowing forms. In 1910 he was the first sculptor to transfer cubism to sculpture and developed what is known as sculpture painting from 1910 to 1914. This resulted in figures with empty spaces in which convex shapes merged into concave ones. The 1912 Striding Woman was one of the first examples of this new direction. From 1910 he exhibited his work and after 1919 both throughout Europe and in the USA. From 1920 to 1923 he lived in Berlin , where he founded another art school.

Frances Archipenko-Gray

In 1921 he married Gela Forster , b. Angelica Schmitz, a young sculptor whom he met in Dresden, where Forster was a member of the Dresden Secession Group in 1919 . Forster was the daughter of the architect Bruno Schmitz , her mother was a singer. In another marriage, Archipenko was married to Frances Archipenko-Gray .

In 1923 the Archipenkos emigrated to America , first to New York, where Archipenko taught at various art schools, from 1935/36 at Washington State University , and in 1937 founded the “School of Creative Fine Arts” in Chicago . There he also taught at the “New Bauhaus ” founded by László Moholy-Nagy . In 1924 he developed a moving painting, the Archipentura . In 1939 he returned to New York. In 1946 he experimented with light on sculptures made of transparent materials such as Plexiglas and others that were illuminated from within.

In 1962 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters .

estate

Archipenko used the Saarland Museum ( Saarbrücken ) to inherit his plaster models. The rich inventory of original plaster of paris from the pioneer of sculpture in the 20th century is one of the most valuable and, at the same time, demanding treasures of the Saarland Museum. Since his first solo exhibition in the Folkwang Museum ( Hagen ) in 1912, Archipenko had maintained contacts with German museums and exhibition houses throughout his life. In 1960, the then director of the Saarland Museum, Rudolf Bornschein, organized an important retrospective for the internationally recognized sculptor . The friendship that developed between Archipenko and Bornschein motivated the artist to choose the Saarland Museum to inherit 107 of his plaster models. With the bronze casts of other works by Archipenko that were subsequently acquired, the Saarbrücken collection provides an almost complete overview of the sculptor's artistic development from 1908 to 1963.

Exhibitions (selection)

Bust in bronze, made in 1961 by Archipenko (Carl von Weinberg) in Frankfurt
  • 1910: Together with the Cubists in the Salon des Indépendants and in the Salon d'Automne , Paris
  • 1912: Folkwang Museum , Hagen
  • 1912: Sonderbund exhibition, Cologne
  • 1913: Armory Show , New York
  • 1913: Galerie Der Sturm, Berlin
  • 1913: First German Autumn Salon , Berlin
  • 1918: "Sturm" exhibition in Berlin: "Alexander Archipenko - Georg Muche "
  • 1920: Solo exhibition in the Ukrainian Pavilion, Venice Biennale
  • 1921: Museum Potsdam
  • 1924: Kingore Gallery, Societe Anonyme New York
  • 1929: The Arts Club of Chicago in Chicago
  • 1947: The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago
  • 1950: Whitney Museum of American Art , New York
  • 1955: Large retrospective, traveling exhibition in Germany
  • 1957: Perls Galleries, New York
  • 1960: Saarland Museum , Saarbrücken: retrospective
  • 1962: Retrospective at the Art Gallery of Winnipeg, Canada
  • 2008: Saarland Museum, Saarbrücken: Large retrospective (original plasters, bronzes, drawings: own property and international loans. October 18, 2008 - January 18, 2009)

swell

  1. ↑ Members: Alexander Archipenko. American Academy of Arts and Letters, accessed February 13, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Arsprototo - the magazine of the Kulturstiftung der Länder v. October 15, 2008
  3. ↑ Archipenko exhibition Saarlandmuseum ( Memento from February 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive )

literature

  • Karel Teige: Archipenko. Prague 1923.
  • Erich Wiese : Alexander Archipenko. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Leipzig 1923 (Young Art; Vol. 40).
  • Alexander Archipenko. Drawings, watercolors (1912–1962). With 77 illustrations. Kunsthalle, Mannheim 1962.
  • Archipenko - an international visionary. Ed .: Donald H. Karshan. With essay by Guy Habasque. [Catalog for the retrospective exhibition tour, organ. from the Smithsonian Institution, International Art Program, Museum Folkwang Essen 1969]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1969. 114 pp., Ill.
  • Karin von Maur , Gudrun Inboden (arrangement): Painting and sculpture of the 20th century. State Gallery Stuttgart 1982.
  • Alexander Archipenko. Volume 1: Alexander Archipenko's legacy. Works from 1908 - 1963 from the will. Legacy. [Wiss. Cat.] Ed .: Georg-W. Koeltzsch . Arrangement: Helga Schmoll called Eisenwerth, Angela Heilmann. Saarland Museum, Saarbrücken 1986, 254 p., Numerous. Illustrations.
  • Азизян И. А. : Александр Архипенко. Прогресс, 2010, 624 с.: Илл., ISBN 978-5-89826-368-3 .
  • Frances Archipenko Gray: My life with Alexander Archipenk. Hirmer, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-7774-2248-0 .

Web links

Commons : Alexander Archipenko  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Archipenko, Alexander
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American sculptor of Ukrainian origin
DATE OF BIRTH May 30, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiev , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1964
Place of death New York , USA