vignette
The word vignette [ vɪnˈjɛtə ] ( French "border decoration", "badge"; from vigne " grapevine ") originally referred to a label of the grape variety on the edge of a vineyard and the label of a wine bottle . The word was later transferred to border decorations in printing. It is now mostly used as a synonym for stickers or seals .
Types and uses
Book decorations
As book decoration , it describes an ornamental piece of decoration, usually a copper engraving or woodcut , often with a pictorial representation, on the title page of a book (title vignette). Smaller drawings or images that accompany a printed text at the beginning or at the end of a chapter are also known as vignettes. These vignettes were often also produced as lead letters by type foundries and could thus be integrated into the set without any problems, since, in contrast to copperplate engravings, clichés, etc., they were already cast at normal font height (62 2/3 Didot point / 23.566 mm).
painting
A variant of portrait painting, which was particularly popular in the 19th century , is also known as a vignette . This involves making (often oval) miniature paintings that can be worn in a piece of jewelry, for example an amulet . A special feature of the vignette is that the image becomes blurred towards the edges and gradually disappears in the background.
literature
In literature, a short ( impressionistic ) text that refers to a moment, a person, a place, an object or an idea is called a vignette. The analogy to painting is that the vignette works through the visual description - and not through an action.
photography
In photography , vignette refers to a mask with certain cut-outs in front of a lens of a film camera and is also used to cover certain areas of a negative when copying.
Photographic postcards and portraits often have a similar effect, partly due to the nature of the lenses or objectives used, but partly achieved through the use of filters.
In addition to the mask when photographing on film or producing the image on paper, the vignetted image itself is sometimes referred to as a vignette. Vignettes of people are often vignetted in a highly oval shape; the image then has an elliptical edge, which itself can have a sharp contour or it terminates in a narrow zone with a density gradient; the sharpness of the image can also decrease here. Such vignettes are often printed on white paper, do not require a passe-partout and can be put together to form group pictures or family trees. On older tombstones, they are often found on domed oval porcelain discs. Cross-oval vignettes are common for landscapes, city views or a factory. A night view is typically shown against a black background.
Film and video
In the case of film works, a vignette is a deliberately unexposed or heavily darkened area in the image. When recording moving images , attempts were made very early on to use the auxiliary objects known from the photography of still images, such as masks or filters, and thus to create artistic effects. When developing a film, specific post-exposure can be used to create special vignettes that are only a soft shadow over the image and therefore do not completely cover any part. With the appropriate effort, vignettes can also be animated.
Since the recording and processing of moving images has been mainly digital, such effects are almost exclusively created by compositing .
Road traffic
A vignette is often used to indicate that the toll has been paid. The Autobahnvignette is in this case a sticker on the inside of the windshield is adhered and visibly indicating the validity period from the outside. In the event of a check, it can thus be quickly determined whether the toll has been paid or not. Vignettes are used for tolls on the motorways in Austria and Switzerland , as well as in Slovenia , the Czech Republic and Romania . In Switzerland, until the end of 2011, the Velovignette was used as proof of compulsory liability insurance for bicycles, a small sticker with the year on a credit card-sized aluminum board with red reflective film, mounted on the rear mudguard or behind the seat post.
research
In qualitative research , the term also refers to short, self-contained scenes in observation logs .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Martin Hürlimann (Ed.): The Atlantis Book of Art. An encyclopedia of the fine arts . Zurich 1953
- ^ Editing for art of the Bibliographisches Institut (Ed.): Meyers Kleines Lexikon. Art . Meyers Lexikonverlag, Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-411-02655-3
- ↑ 100 Movies, 100 Theaters: Top 10 Interwoven Vignettes .
- ^ The House on Mango Street Writing Style .
- ^ Vignette meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary .
- ^ Editing for art of the Bibliographisches Institut (Ed.): Meyers Kleines Lexikon. Art . Meyers Lexikonverlag, Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich 1986
Web links
- Road traffic