Security harbor (Düsseldorf)

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Security harbor, photo 1897
Security harbor, in the foreground the boathouse of the Düsseldorf rowing club , photo before 1897
View from the Neuer Hofgarten to the security harbor and the new building of the Düsseldorf Art Academy , illustration by Wilhelm Gause in the journal Die Gartenlaube , 1879
View of the eastern part of the security port, illustration by Johann Poppel , 1852
View of the entrance to the security port on the banks of the Rhine in Düsseldorf, aquatint by Johann Ludwig Bleuler , 1843

The security port , also known as the Napoleonic port , was an inland port on the northern edge of the old town of Düsseldorf . It was used by Rhine shipping as a safety port during storms , low and high tides and when there was ice .

planning

Even before Article VI of the Peace of Lunéville between the Holy Roman Empire and France on February 9, 1801 stipulated that the city ​​fortifications of Düsseldorf, which had been badly demolished in the First Coalition War, could not be restored, planners under Johann Wilhelm von Hompesch zu Bolheim had at the request of the Lord Maximilian developed an urban planning concept for a new use of the fortress site. In addition to the redesign and beautification of the city through esplanades and new waters fed by the Düssel ( avenue on the Landskrone , Stadtgraben , Neuer Hofgarten ), this concept also envisaged the construction of a “new harbor” on the Rhine on the north side of the city. This port was supposed to replace the old security port that had stretched in the area of Hafenstrasse - between the old town and the citadel - since the 16th century . The technical plans that were necessary for the construction of the new facilities were developed - since January 28, 1802 in a "Commission for the management of building matters" under the court councilor Georg Arnold Jacobi - the court architect Kaspar Anton Huschberger , the chief engineer FH von Douwe (also van Douwen ) and the hydraulic engineer Christian Wilhelm G. Bauer. In 1803/1804 the garden architect Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe joined this planning team , who embedded the plans in a scheme of the English landscape garden . The planning was continued when Maximilian transferred the Duchy of Berg and its capital Düsseldorf in 1806 to the French Emperor Napoleon , who in turn passed sovereignty over the territory to his brother-in-law Joachim Murat and in 1809 to his underage nephew Napoléon Louis Bonaparte . When Napoleon, regent of the Grand Duchy of Berg since 1808 , visited the Bergische capital in November 1811, the plans for the urban redesign of Düsseldorf were presented to him. On December 17, 1811, he then issued the so-called beautification decree , which, among other things, ordered the construction of the security harbor within two years, provided the necessary financial resources (from the property tax of the Grand Duchy of Berg) and transferred the site to the city of Düsseldorf.

construction

The excavation work for the harbor basin was carried out by " French galley slaves ". Weyhe used the soil material that resulted from the excavation of the harbor basin to model the terrain in garden architecture. In addition to the Napoleonsberg near today's Inselstrasse and the Ananasberg at the Landskrone, he also had a small hill built up near the bank of the Rhine on the north side of the harbor basin. Then he laid a round tree, which was called “Schöne Aussicht”, at the end of an avenue flanking the harbor basin. At the same time, the security harbor was enclosed in a green plan to expand the courtyard garden to the Rhine. When the Grand Duchy of Berg went under in 1813, the Generalgouvernement of Berg temporarily took its place and Düsseldorf became part of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 , work and planning continued so that the port could be opened soon afterwards and on March 12, 1822, port regulations were issued .

Around 1835 a municipal bathing establishment opened in the security harbor (today the ramp of the Rhine bank tunnel) for military and private individuals. The port initially offered space for 50 ships. In 1839 it was enlarged. Soon, however, even this measure no longer met the requirements, so that in the middle of the 19th century the construction of a second security port in the area of Golzheimer Insel was considered.

From 1875 the building of the Düsseldorf Art Academy was built on the south side of the security port, at the “Hafen Wall” (today Eiskellerstraße) . In 1881 the Düsseldorf rowing club had a used floating boathouse moored there. In 1883 it was replaced by a larger new building according to plans by the architect Hermann Görres. a. had a veranda and a lounge.

End of the port

After the decision to build a new port on the Lausward in 1896 , the security port was given up in favor of the construction of a permanent bridge over the Rhine ; In 1897 it was filled in. In its place, the eastern bridge ramp of the Oberkasseler Brücke and the Bendemannstrasse were built, which were enclosed in green areas according to plans by Franz Andreas Meyer . The street was named after the painter and art academy director Eduard Bendemann . Today it is called Fritz-Roeber-Straße, after the painter and art academy director Fritz Roeber . Between 1969 and 1973 a new bridge ramp was built a few meters upstream for a new bridge. In 1988, the Tonhalle / Ehrenhof underground station was opened to traffic on this bridge approach .

  • Projected security harbor on a city map from 1809 (bottom left)

  • Depiction of the security port (right) on a section of a map from 1888

  • Hofgarten plan by city gardener Heinrich Hillebrecht , 1895 (harbor bottom left)

  • Representation of the redesign after the construction of the Oberkasseler Bridge and its bridge ramp in the city map of Düsseldorf-Altstadt and Karlstadt, 1909 (excerpt)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Düsseldorf city history , website in the portal cl-historia.de , accessed on April 3, 2016
  2. ^ Irene Markowitz: The new Düsseldorf - The garden city . In: Wieland Koenig, Stadtmuseum Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf (Ed.): Düsseldorfer Gartenlust . Düsseldorf 1987, p. 89
  3. ↑ Panorama de Dusseldorf (map of Düsseldorf, around 1809) , website in the portal duesseldorf.de , accessed on April 2, 2016
  4. ^ Ottomar Moeller: The building history of Düsseldorf . In: Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): History of the city of Düsseldorf. Festschrift for the 600th anniversary . Verlag von C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1888, p. 381 ( digitized version )
  5. ^ Peter Schmitz: Trade and Industry of the City of Düsseldorf . In: Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine . Volume 3, Düsseldorf 1888, p. 480 ( digitized version )
  6. ^ Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors (ed.): Düsseldorf in the year 1898. Festschrift for the participants in the 70th meeting of German natural scientists and Doctors . Verlag A. Bagel, Düsseldorf 1898, p. 53
  7. ^ Regulations for the security port of the city of Düsseldorf , March 12, 1822, digitized in the portal digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de
  8. ^ Article Düsseldorf, district capital . In: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts. First Section AG, Twenty-seventh Part . FA Brockhaus, 1836, p. 435 ( Google Books )
  9. ^ Peter Schmitz: Trade and Industry of the City of Düsseldorf . In: Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine . Volume 3, Düsseldorf 1888, p. 494 ( digitized version )
  10. ↑ Uwe Maas, Hermann Stappmann: Architectural Guide Dusseldorf. Quarters, streets, buildings . Düsseldorf 1988, p. 19
  11. ^ Draft for the redesign of the former port area (1896). In: Wieland Koenig (Ed.): Düsseldorfer Gartenlust . Exhibition catalog of the Stadtmuseum Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 1987, p. 133 (No. 6.87)