Landskrone (Düsseldorf)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article or section needs to be revised: Please add the remaining digitized copies to the exact page, (just writing the online version is not enough) I have already added some, sometimes there are no suitable statements on the pages.
Please help to improve it , and then remove this flag.

Land crown
Düsseldorf, Hofgarten, pedestrian bridge and house.jpg
Landskrone pond in the courtyard garden with footbridge and house for water birds
Geographical location Stadtmitte , Düsseldorf , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
Tributaries Inner Northern Düssel and Kö-Graben
Drain Inner Northern Düssel
Data
Coordinates 51 ° 13 '42 "  N , 6 ° 46' 44"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 13 '42 "  N , 6 ° 46' 44"  E
length 280 m
width 230 m
Koe bogen historically.jpg
Postcard motif around 1900: historical buildings, Corneliusplatz with Cornelius monument ; on the right the Trinkaus-Palais , where Jan-Wellem-Platz was laid out after the Second World War and the pond area that has not yet been built over
Template: Coordinate / Maintenance / POSKARTE inappropriate

The Landskrone is a pond in the Hofgarten in Düsseldorf city center . It is one of the bodies of water that originally lay behind the protective waters of the Düsseldorf fortifications . It was named after the Landskron , which was located southeast of the Ratinger Tor .

location

The body of water is located in the Hofgarten between Hofgartenstrasse in the east and Heinrich-Heine-Allee in the west. To the north are the Ratinger Tor on Maximilian-Weyhe-Allee and the park areas on Ananasberg , to the south-west is the Düsseldorf Opera House with the Opernpassage and the new Hofgarten terraces . The body of water flows through and is fed with water by the Northern Düssel .

history

After the Seven Years' War , the area east of the city's fortifications up to Jägerhof Palace was desolate. An “electoral garden” was laid out here under Jan Wellem , but it went wild again after the elector's death. In 1769 Nicolas de Pigage received the order from the governor Johann Ludwig von Goldstein to beautify this area with a park. It was a square of land, about 30 acres in size, which lay between Kaiserstrasse, Jägerhofstrasse, Jacobistrasse and the northern Düssel. For this area, the older courtyard garden , a swampy area was converted into a basin in 1770 and the Düssel was channeled as a southern boundary. The pool is called Runder Weier and is dominated by the sculpture Jröne Jong , which was created by Joseph Hammerschmidt in 1899 . Between the basin and the Jägerhof Palace to the northeast, an avenue consisting of four rows of trees, called the Reitallee , was created as a monumental axis after 1775 . On both sides of the avenue, plantings and accessories were created in the romantic style of the early English landscape garden.

As a result, the eastern park area was created as early as the second half of the 18th century, to which the later “Landskrone” pond borders and which was not part of the area of ​​the fortifications. In 1787 the city tendered additional bridges for the crossing over the protective moats in the area of ​​the Landskrone bastion in order to improve accessibility from the city to the older court garden. The area in front of the "Flinger Tor", at that time still grazing (fodder meadows) on the fortress and public washing bleaching against the "Landskron", was forgotten between 1791 and 1794 . From 1802 the razing of the fortifications began, as they could not be put back into operation according to the contract. The funds available for carrying out this work - around 3,500 thalers per year during the Electoral era - were increased considerably by 40,000 francs per year from 1806 after Grand Duke Joachim Murat handed over power to the French .

From 1802 to 1805 large parts of the New Court Garden , an “avenue outside the city” with a moat and the “Hofgartenstrasse” were laid out. From 1806 to 1809 the area in front of the Ratinger Tor and the “Flinger Tor” was leveled. Then the Königsstraße, today's Heinrich-Heine-Allee , then also called "Boulevard Napoleon", and the water body "Landskrone" were created. The plans for these new systems came from the court architect Kaspar Anton Huschberger and the hydraulic engineer Wilhelm G. Bauer. From 1803 the horticultural master Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe was added, who was responsible for the park areas.

Landskron waters behind the fortifications of Düsseldorf, 1609
View from Hofgartenstrasse over Landskrone and Goldene Brücke to the Andreaskirche and the building of the Royal Government of Düsseldorf , illustration by Johann Poppel , 1852
City map 1854 / building and leveling plan for the expansion of the city of Düsseldorf
Frederick Vezin : Part from the Hofgarten (at the war memorial )

Although, as mentioned, these changes in the north and north-east of the city were already carried out with the help of Maximilian Weyhe, there was still no overall concept for the expansion of all areas after the razing of the fortifications. Under the leadership of Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe and the town planner Adolph von Vagedes , a complete ring of parks with embedded ponds was planned around the former fortress town by 1819 . The road modifications required to connect these parks to the city and the surrounding area were also part of the plan.

The overall plan took into account the ideas of an English landscape garden . The old core city was to be largely surrounded by contiguous parks with the stored waters “Landskrone”, Stadtgraben , Kaiserteich , Schwanenspiegel and Spee'scher Graben . The connection with the Hofgarten was the "avenue outside the city" to the east of the city ​​moat . This "avenue" was renamed Königsallee in the middle of the 19th century , but it did not include Canalstrasse to the west of the moat . It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that the common name of Königsallee was used for the two streets on either side of the city moat .

Landskrone pond in the courtyard garden

The development plan was approved on June 4, 1831 by the Prussian government in Berlin by cabinet order. The permit covered the entire former fortress area from the security port in the north of the city. Changes in the area of ​​the old core city and the banks of the Rhine were also included. As far as private property was concerned, the owners were obliged not to prevent the execution.

The water inflow for the land crown came primarily from the Northern Düssel. The outflow is via a sluice with a grille north of the opera house in the direction of Mühlenstrasse and Burgplatz into the Rhine. In addition, there was a connection with the Rhine via “Stadtgraben”, “Schwanenspiegel” and “Spee'scher Graben”. The wooden drainage sluice was rotten and defective around 1880 and was replaced by a new one made of iron in the early 1880s.

In summer and in dry periods, from around the 1885s onwards, Rhine water could also be pumped from the Rhine to supply fresh water via the Landskrone into the ponds, thus preventing the problems with "standing water" in the warm season. However, this did not improve the regular silting of the ponds. The reversal of the flow with a larger amount of Rhine water made it possible to remove sludge from the canalised areas of the Düssel. For example, in 1887 over 500,000 m³ of Rhine water was pumped into the ponds.

When Rhine water flows in, it drained into the Rhine via Stadtgraben, Schwanenspiegel and Spee'scher Graben. This was an important connection during floods, as a “stem gate” in the Mühlenstraße area that closed automatically depending on the water level in the Rhine blocked the outflow of the northern Düssel. The water drained then via the mouth of the southern Düssel in the Rhine. The city level was higher there and enabled safe water drainage even during floods.

As already mentioned, the land crown and the associated protective grille in the nozzle inlet and outlet also had to be cleaned and desludged regularly. Furthermore, the bank areas had to be cleaned periodically and occasionally revised. From the end of the first half of the 19th century, corresponding costs are listed in the budget data of the city of Düsseldorf.

After 1945

The south-eastern part of the land crown was expanded again with the Cornelius monument in October 2013

After the end of the Second World War , the connecting roads in the area of ​​the Hofgarten were to be adapted to the expected increased car traffic. This meant that both the park areas and the land crown had to be used for road construction. These planned changes led to heated discussions with the population and the local history associations before they were implemented. For example, on January 15, 1961, there was a protest march with a rally against the downsizing of the land crown. During the implementation of the following, in some cases new traffic routes, noteworthy areas of the Hofgarten and Landskrone were built over:

  • Widening of Maximilian-Weyhe-Allee with a separate track bed for the tram
  • Relocation of an additionally widened Hofgartenstrasse to the east for the connection of the millipede to Kaiserstrasse and the creation of platforms for the tram and bus junction on the new Jan-Wellem-Platz
  • Widening of the Jacobistraße

At the beginning of the 21st century, a completely new development was decided for the area Jan-Wellem-Platz with Hofgartenstrasse and Centipede. In addition, the construction of tunnels was intended to move car traffic underground in this area. These changes were discussed very controversially by the population and the homeland clubs. A referendum against these plans failed. From 2009 to 2014 the so-called Kö-Bogen was realized in the area of ​​Jan-Wellem-Platz and built including the tunnels. As part of these changes, the courtyard garden terraces were also redesigned with a southern extension of the land crown up to Elberfelder Strasse . As a result, part of the pond area built over in the 1960s was rebuilt. The current situation for the land crown largely corresponds to the city map from 1854.

literature

  • Düsseldorf in 1898; Festschrift for the participants in the 70th meeting of German naturalists and physicians, presented by the city of Düsseldorf . Düsseldorf A. Bagel, 1898, p. 78-105 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( Notes )
  2. ↑ Information on the location “in front of Ratinger Tor” and “on the Landskron”. In: Gülich and Bergische Wochen Nachrichten. 1781, No. 29, p. [241] ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  3. ↑ Information on the location “in front of Ratinger Tor” and “on the Landskron”. In: Gülich and Bergische Wochen Nachrichten. 1787, No. 38, p. [338] ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  4. ^ OR Redlich, F. Hildebrecht, Wesener: In: The court garden in Düsseldorf and the castle park in Benrath. 1893, p. 5 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  5. ↑ payment. In: Gülich and Bergische Wochen Nachrichten. 1787, No. 38, p. [328] ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  6. ↑ Forstifications Graserei Vergantung. In Gülich and Bergische weekly news (No. 16) of April 19, 1791 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  7. ↑ payment. In Gülich and Bergische weekly news (No. 18) of May 6, 1794 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  8. ^ OR Redlich, F. Hildebrecht, Wesener: In: Der Hofgarten zu Düsseldorf and the Schloßpark zu Benrath , 1893, p. 14 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  9. ^ OR Redlich, F. Hildebrecht, Wesener: In: Der Hofgarten zu Düsseldorf and the Schloßpark zu Benrath , 1893, p. 15 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  10. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Düsseldorf, history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2, Verlag Schwann / Patmos, 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 64
  11. ↑ See plan of the city of Düsseldorf with its immediate surroundings, 1819/20 (exhibition catalog no. 6.50). In: Wieland Koenig (Hrsg.): Düsseldorfer Gartenlust exhibition catalog of the City Museum of the State Capital Düsseldorf for the exhibition of the same name, Düsseldorf 1987, pp. 116, 117
  12. ^ Karl Bone, in: Düsseldorf and its surroundings. 1890, p. 18 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  13. ^ Official Journal for the Düsseldorf administrative region. In: Construction plan of the city of Düsseldorf No. 4442. 1831, No. 64, p. 406 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  14. ^ Report on the state and administration of community affairs. In: General Affairs - XI. Deichpolizei , 1883/84, p. 121 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  15. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf. April 1, 1881 to March 31, 1882 . S. [115] 115. Online version
  16. ^ Report on the state and administration of community affairs. In: Stadtgraben , 1887/88, p. [127] 127. Online version
  17. ^ Report on the state and administration of community affairs. In: Stadtgraben. 1903, p. [199] 207. Online version
  18. ^ Report on the state and administration of community affairs. In: Stadtgraben. 1861/62, p. [10] 6. Online version
  19. ↑ Example: Household budget of the city of Düsseldorf, under: Renovation of the shore zones Landskrone 1883/85 p. [152] 149. Online version
  20. ↑ Management report . In: City Chronicle. 1961/62, p. [10] 6. Online version