Kö-Bogen

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Location of the new Kö-Bogen buildings in a greatly simplified view of the urban structure: Kö-Bogen I (red), Kö-Bogen II (purple, building areas 1–4), Tuchtinsel (purple, building area 5), ​​pavilion (purple, building area 8 ), demolished millipede (yellow), Hofgarten and Corneliusplatz (green), Hofgartenwasser and Stadtgraben (blue), unchanged building blocks and solitaires (gray), demolished building block on Schadowstrasse (black)

The Kö-Bogen is an urban development measure in the North Rhine-Westphalian state capital Düsseldorf . The project is named after the quarter-circle arch described by Hofgartenstrasse , which once ran along the edge of the Hofgarten and the pond at the Landskrone , in the direction of Königsallee , the Kö . The construction project is divided into various construction phases and phases. In the first phase of construction, Jan-Wellem-Platz , which will no longer be needed as a tram junction after the Wehrhahn Line has been completed, was built with a building complex made up of retail, office and restaurant uses, which itself bears the name , based on designs by New York architect Daniel Libeskind Kö-Bogen carries. In addition, Hofgartenstrasse will largely be replaced by a tunnel. In the second construction phase, the Millipede Hochstraße was demolished and also replaced by a tunnel.

Furthermore, the development in the area was to be partially replaced by new buildings and the urban structure reorganized. This particularly affected the area south of the theater from Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz to Schadowstrasse . According to the initial plans, four new building complexes were to be built here. A pedestrian promenade was to be laid out along the former course of the millipede. The project was controversial and sparked a controversial discussion in Düsseldorf, which culminated in a petition against the sale of Jan-Wellem-Platz , which failed due to the necessary quorum . The symbolic groundbreaking ceremony took place on August 17, 2009. The end of the construction work for the two buildings was delayed, as stated in "Section 2.1" below, due to a fire in the western building at the end of September 2013.

After the first phase of construction was largely completed with the completion of the two Libeskind buildings at the end of 2013, the second part of the subway on the Wehrhahn Line was put into operation by the beginning of 2016. The next phase was extensive work on restructuring the area between the Schauspielhaus and Schadowstraße, which are known as Kö-Bogen II and whose execution began in early 2017.

history

The Hofgarten in Düsseldorf , plan drawing by the Düsseldorf city gardener Heinrich Hillebrecht , 1895 - on the right side of the plan: Depiction of the historic Hofgartenstrasse and the open-space layout between the Hofgarten , Landskrone , Corneliusplatz and Königsallee

Before the bombing raids in World War II , the area of ​​today's Jan-Wellem-Platz was almost completely built up. The Trinkaus-Palais stood on the corner of Hofgartenstrasse and Königsallee, which was badly damaged by an air raid on April 23, 1944 and then torn down. After the war, it was decided against rebuilding and instead built a large tram and bus junction on the vacated area. Almost all tram lines ran through this stop in the post-war period. After the completion of the inner city tunnel of the Düsseldorf Stadtbahn some tram tracks were dismantled due to the reduced demand. Due to the planned subway for the Wehrhahn Line , after its completion on Jan-Wellem-Platz there would no longer be any overground trams. According to the planning at the time, there would only be above-ground tram tracks next to the square, which run in a north-south direction. This raises the question of the subsequent use of the areas that have become free.

Postcard motif around 1900: historical buildings on the Landskrone and Hofgartenstrasse, on the right the Trinkaus-Palais , where Jan-Wellem-Platz was laid out after the Second World War and the buildings of the Kö-Bogen were built

In 2005, the Düsseldorf architects Ingenhoven presented a design that included two semicircular buildings with glass facades on the square. Bank HSBC Trinkaus wanted to act as an investor and use the building for its offices after completion. In consultation with the city, the bank wanted to hold a facade competition to find a high-quality solution. In addition to Ingenhoven, four other architecture firms took part in the competition. The designs were exhibited in a pavilion where citizens could vote for the design they favored. In August 2007, the Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court ruled that urban land must be sold in a Europe-wide tender.

Initially ten groups of investors and architects applied, five of which were selected. On April 13, 2008, a referendum took place with the aim of preventing the sale of Jan-Wellem-Platz to an investor. The majority of the participating citizens voted “Yes”. Since the turnout was only 16.8 percent, the quorum was not achieved. In mid-October 2008, several applicants withdrew from the tendering process: Bank HSBC Trinkaus withdrew their applications, as did Hochtief and Züblin . The “Bouwfonds MAB Development” from Frankfurt and “die developer” from Düsseldorf remained. Of the two remaining applicants, only the “die developer” office headed by architect Daniel Libeskind submitted a proposal on January 15, 2009.

The new designs differ greatly from the original concept that Ingenhoven had designed. On February 5, 2009, the City Council of Düsseldorf decided to implement the planned construction project.

The city of Düsseldorf took up the criticism of the narrow spatial framework of the previous procedure and announced a competition for the area around the Kö-Bogen. A joint design by Molestina Architects and FSWLA won this competition in early 2009.

After the millipede was demolished in 2013, the execution of the areas east of the two new buildings was discussed again. From 2014/5, these led to a completely new plan, which is described in more detail in the section "Project Kö-Bogen II".

Construction work

First construction phase

Jan-Wellem-Platz before the start of construction work, 2008

The first construction phase envisaged that Jan-Wellem-Platz would be built on with two buildings designed by the architect Daniel Libeskind . They consist of five floors above ground and are around 26 meters high. The facades of the buildings to the south and east are concave and convex. The west side follows the line of alignment of Königsallee. Towards the Hofgarten in the north, the facade describes the arch of the former Hofgartenstrasse. From the third floor a bridge connects the two buildings. The facade is composed of the natural stone travertine and glass. To the south and east, the facade shows a horizontally emphasized structure; In some cases, horizontal slats are placed in front of the window areas. Hofgarten and King Avenue towards skips the facade, which is divided vertically there through so-called cuts (engl for. Incisions at certain points back); Plantings integrated into the facade are made here. Diagonal lines run across all facades, alternating between window areas and natural stone cladding.

North-west tunnel, exit Elberfelder Straße, 2017

The buildings are to be used for retail, offices and restaurants. To make room for the construction work, the remaining bus stops on Jan-Wellem-Platz were relocated to Heinrich-Heine-Allee and Berliner Allee . The basis for the buildings of the first construction phase is a tunnel system that corresponds to the course of Hofgartenstrasse from north to south of Jägerhofstrasse to the west and reappears in Elberfelder Strasse. A second tunnel tube connects Berliner Allee south of Schadowstrasse with Hofgartenstrasse south of Jägerhofstrasse. The underground car parks of the Schauspielhaus and Thyssen-Haus will be connected underground.

The first construction phase was scheduled to open on October 17, 2013, the north-west tunnel between Jägerhofstrasse and Elberfelder Strasse has been open since January 7, 2013. The first tenants and brands are planned: Breuninger , Sansibar , Hallhuber , Laurèl , Joop! , Windsor , Strenesse , Unique, Porsche Design , Faber-Castell , Rockberries, Poccino, Apple .

On the night of September 27, 2013 - just a few weeks before the planned opening - a fire in a clothing store in the western building caused damage over two floors. After initial investigations in which “several fire locations” were found in the building, but no indications of a technical defect or a negligent cause of the fire, the experts involved assume an arson attack . Because of a found near the fire Flyers with political content was state security turned on. On October 17, 2013, the eastern part of the building with the Breuninger department store was opened.

  • Extension of the land crown in April 2013

  • Extended land crown in October 2013 with Cornelius monument (1879) by Adolf Donndorf

  • Karl Hilgers' war memorial (1892) with Kö-Bogen buildings and Dreischeibenhaus

  • Schauspielhaus and Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz, in front of that the planned construction site 4, 2013

  • Daniel Libeskind: Kö-Bogen buildings from the southwest

  • Daniel Libeskind: Kö-Bogen buildings

  • Kö-Bogen buildings, view of the courtyard garden

  • Light architecture of the Kö-Bogen, 2013

  • Kö-Bogen, 2014

  • "Cut" ( incision ) in the facade of the K-sheet 2014

  • Kö-Bogen, 2014

  • Kö-Bogen, 2014

  • Kö-Bogen, 2014

  • First cherry blossom at Kö-Bogen. 2014

  • Mirrored ventilation systems on Jan-Wellem-Platz, 2019

Second construction phase

Millipede, public inspection shortly before the demolition, 2013
Kö-Bogen from the east to the end of the second construction phase

In the second construction phase, officially the "Kö-Bogen 2. BA", the Millipede Hochstraße was demolished in spring 2013. A tunnel system with four entry and exit tubes replaces the elevated road . The first of these tunnel connections was opened to traffic in February 2015. The completion of the other sections of the tunnel was originally supposed to be completed by the end of 2015 but was delayed until the end of 2016. Although the last of the four tunnel sections, the connection between Hofgartenstrasse and Berliner Allee, was already on November 10, 2015 for the Traffic was released, but remaining work led to constant interruptions. Of the 274 days of operation since November 10, areas of the tunnel were closed to traffic on 87 days. Annoyed users of the tunnel therefore suggested adding the addition “Blocking” to the 2nd construction phase . In a note from the city of Düsseldorf in mid-October 2016, it was announced that the final tests for smoke extraction, the adjustment of the lighting, the fans and the measuring systems will take place from October 17th. After the tunnel has been closed for this adjustment work, traffic will be largely free of disruptions from the end of October 2016. The grand opening of the “Wehrhahn Line” took place on February 22, 2016.

Project Kö-Bogen II

The winning urban design by “Molestina Architects” and “FSWLA” from 2009 provided that the buildings on the so-called Tuchtinsel would be demolished after the subway tunnel had been completed and the Wehrhahn line had come into operation , and a small high-rise building in the south replaced with eaves height in the north that is common in the area . Furthermore, the development south of Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz was to be demolished and the area in front of the theater was to be redesigned. Another building was planned in front of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Apartments, retail stores and offices were intended to be used for the new buildings. The heart of the design was a 400-meter-long pedestrian promenade from north to south to Martin-Luther-Platz, the edges of which are planted with plane trees and the course of which traces the route of the former millipede. This planning has already become legally binding through a development plan.

After the millipede was torn down, the unobstructed view of the Schauspielhaus and Dreischeibenhaus since 2013 led to a new debate about the development plan. According to the FDP, the planned construction site 4 (south of Dreischeibenhaus) should be trimmed. The then Lord Mayor of Elbers considered completely or partially foregoing development in this area. After the Libeskind building (Haus Hofgarten ) was partially opened in autumn 2013, the real estate management committee within the Düsseldorf Chamber of Commerce and the property owners analyzed the further construction phase with regard to use and marketing, and thought about alternative locations for the building plots on Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz. The Rheinische Post also had architects such as Prof. Nathalie de Vries (MVRDV / Rotterdam, Düsseldorf Art Academy) and businesspeople speak in a series of interviews .

The state capital Düsseldorf then commissioned the architects Juan Pablo Molestina and Thomas Fenner , Christoph Ingenhoven and Snøhetta with new designs for construction site 4. On their own initiative, the architect Caspar Schmitz-Morkramer and colleagues developed the idea of ​​a market hall and presented it in the form of a computer graphic. After a members' debate, the Düsseldorf FDP was one of the supporters of the market hall, provided that a "filigree architecture" ( Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann ) can be found for it. The Düsseldorf Jonges, on the other hand, placed their emphasis on keeping construction site 4 free of buildings in consideration of the Dreischeibenhaus. Both the commissioned and the self-initiated designs by the HHP architecture office were presented to the public in the Henkelsaal in March 2014 and could be viewed in the information pavilion on Königsallee .

After internal discussions, the Ingenhoven office's design was favored by the majority of the council and parts of the opposition. According to this design, a green building block with a sloping and stepped building wall towards Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz will be erected on the northwest side of the new building block on Schadowstrasse. A new triangular building, the market hall, is to be located to the northwest and above the greened building block. This will also have a green roof sloping towards Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz. Due to the sloping roofs of the two new buildings, the uninterrupted view of the theater from the southwest is largely retained. It is characterized by a generous green facade with beech hedges and sloping building edges, which visually expand the space and allow plenty of sunlight. Ingenhoven said he had taken up the idea of ​​a market hall. The roof of the “Foodmarket” would flow into Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz and, following the example of New York's Lincoln Center, could serve as a seat at festivals. In spring 2014, the planning committee and the council wanted to make a decision, but this had to be postponed due to further open points and questions such as the lack of a valid contract with an investor, insufficient visual views for the green buildings and objections to the protection of monuments.

Kö-Bogen II with hornbeam hedges in May 2020

After clarifying the open points and the extent of the development for the entire site south of the theater, a contract between the city and a group of investors was concluded in 2015. Contrary to the original intention, the contract now comprised the sale of the entire Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz with the municipal property up to Schadowstrasse for 70 million euros. The proposal by the Ingenhoven office to be implemented is also called the “ Ingenhoven Valley ”, as the two new buildings slope down like a valley towards Gustaf-Gründgens-Platz. At this point in time, construction on Kö-Bogen II was scheduled to begin in early 2016. But it was still open in mid-2016 whether and when the Kö-Bogen II project could start. At the end of 2016, the open points were clarified and the city council approved the urban development project on November 17th. The official start for the execution began on June 1, 2017 with an excavator action by the Düsseldorf mayor. At the beginning of May 2019, the laying of the foundation stone and the topping-out ceremony took place at the same time in the presence of Mayor Geisel.

Open space concept

The Landskrone on the Kö-Bogen , a body of water and park area of ​​the Hofgarten, has been extended and ends again in the line of sight to Corneliusplatz and Kö-Graben . Cherry trees have been planted on the terraces on the Libeskindbau facing the land crown, the Hofgarten terraces . A new bridge connects the park at the Landskrone with the Kö-Bogen and Schadowplatz. A plane tree promenade is planned on the area of ​​the former Hochstraße Millipede , supplemented with trumpet trees. The greening of the track for the tram lines 701, 705 and 706 between Berliner Allee and Kaiserstraße, which was also planned in this concept, was carried out as planned in 2014. The construction now planned for the southern area of ​​Gustaf-Gründgen-Platz leads to a smooth transition from the buildings to the square.

pavilion

Pavilion on Martin-Luther-Platz with spherical fountain by Friederich Werthmann (April 2018)

The pavilion made of glass, steel and wood by the architect Juan Pablo Molestina was completed on Martin-Luther-Platz and is now intended for the catering trade. The almost triangular building is a bulkhead construction made of solid wood with a slightly curved shape. The color of the orange-brown Corten steel facade and its arches are based on the Johanneskirche . The pavilion, which stands opposite the entrance to the Schadow Arkaden and directly next to the track lane on the Berliner Allee tunnel, has two terraces of 350 square meters each, one on the square and one on the roof area with awnings. 400 square meters are available for restoration on the ground floor and an additional 150 square meters on the gallery. As the rusting steel is perforated, a view is possible all around during the day and in the evening the building looks like a lantern, as the light shimmers through to the outside. The opening of the pavilion with an all-day catering concept of the enchilada group "Wilma Wunder" took place on September 5, 2018.

Effects

According to studies by a broker and consulting company specializing in retail, the Kö-Bogen is intended to shift the routes of retail customers in the Düsseldorf center in such a way that the customer frequency in Schadowstrasse, Schadowplatz and in the northeastern part of Königsallee increases significantly. The rent for a shop at Schadowplatz was increased by around 300 percent. Already shortly after the partial opening of the Kö-Bogen in October 2013, real estate experts spoke of a considerable competition-related building and investment impulse that the new building would trigger in its environment.

criticism

The first draft for the Kö-Bogen by the Ingenhoven architects' office was first presented to an international audience at the MIPIM 2003 real estate fair in Cannes. Largely unchanged, the draft was then decided by the city committees. In view of this approach, critics accused the city of a lack of public participation and the failure to hold an architecture competition that they deemed necessary.

With the sale of the urban land to an investor, part of the construction costs for the tunnels is to be refinanced. Numerous citizens protested with signatures and letters to the editor against the planned development, which they criticized as too massive and in which they saw numerous questions of traffic planning as unresolved. The city council had previously decided the sale, as well as the development through a development plan . The opponents filed a petition against the sale of the property, since there is no legal basis for a petition against a building plan in North Rhine-Westphalia. The vote on April 13, 2008 was intended to answer the question of whether the property should remain in municipal ownership. The referendum failed due to insufficient turnout.

After the failed referendum, a Kö-Bogen forum invited seven North Rhine-Westphalian architecture colleges to develop alternative building concepts for the Kö-Bogen with their students. The first twelve proposals, which had been developed by students from RWTH Aachen University , the University of Dortmund and the University of Siegen , were presented to the public for the first time on August 7, 2008 in an exhibition by the Düsseldorf Chamber of Architects.

In a Pro & Contra for the opening in 2013, Alexander Fils (Committee for Planning and Urban Development, CDU) describes the Kö-Bogen I as an “independent icon”; it has a new, expressive design language and manages to create a small and elegant effect. Architecture professor Wolfgang Döring, on the other hand, misses “care and empathy”; Düsseldorf does not need a Bilbao effect , the facade details are simply designed, which is probably due to the profitability.

Awards

On March 13, 2014, Kö-Bogen I received the 2014 MIPIM Award in the Best Urban Regeneration Project category at the MIPIM real estate fair in Cannes .

literature

  • State capital Düsseldorf The Lord Mayor: Kö-Bogen - traffic variant test. Düsseldorf 2007.

Web links

Commons : Kö-Bogen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Kö-Bogen: Use
  2. ^ In: Express Online of November 8, 2013 . OB Elber's dream .
  3. ↑ RP Online: Kö-Bogen start with Libeskind ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rp-online.de
  4. ^ In: Online "Real Estate Themed Blog from July 14, 2016 with December 2016 update" . Redesign of the city center
  5. ↑ RP Online: Kö-Bogen is to become a bank  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rp-online.de  
  6. ↑ RP Online: Kö-Bogen: Info tent before vacation  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rp-online.de  
  7. ↑ RP Online: Erwin: "Kö-Bogen is on schedule"  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rp-online.de  
  8. ↑ RP Online: Jan-Wellem-Platz can be sold  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rp-online.de  
  9. ↑ The West: World star refines the Kö-Bogen
  10. ↑ Property Magazine
  11. ↑ Free travel through the first north-west Kö-Bogen tunnel ( memento of the original from October 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.beton.org
  12. ↑ Die Developer: Official opening of the project of the century on October 17, 2013
  13. ↑ RP Online: Kö-Bogen will open on October 17th, August 24th 2013.
  14. ↑ 1000 degrees heat in the event of a major fire at the Kö-Bogen ( memento of the original from September 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Article from September 27, 2013 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on September 27, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rp-online.de
  15. ↑ Anja Streichan, Christine Wolff: Police investigate arson . Article from September 30, 2013 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on September 30, 2013.
  16. ^ In: RP Online from October 17, 2013. Breuninger opened
  17. ↑ Approval of the new tunnel tubes
  18. ↑ RP Online v. Jan. 21, 2015. In: Tunnel construction for Kö-Bogen right on schedule .
  19. ↑ Kö-Bogen or "the long wait"
  20. ^ In: Online Express of December 17, 2016 . Kö-Bogen tunnel ready
  21. ^ In: Online Express of February 22, 2016 . Opening of the Wehrhahn Line
  22. ↑ duesseldorf.de
  23. ↑ rp-online.de
  24. ↑ rp-online.de
  25. ↑ rp-online.de: Experts criticize plans for the city , November 4, 2013.
  26. ↑ rp-online.de: Chances for Markthalle increase , January 16, 2014.
  27. ↑ duesseldorf.de: More than 400 visitors at the presentation of the plans in the Henkel hall / exhibition in the Kö-Bogen pavilion , March 7, 2014.
  28. ↑ Rheinische Post, digital e-paper edition from March 26, 2014.
  29. ↑ In: RP-online from October 21, 2014 . Ingenhoven Valley
  30. ^ In: Düsseldorf-Community.de, online report from March 7, 2014 . Ingenhoven Valley
  31. ↑ word lecture by Christoph Ingenhoven at the public presentation, March 6, 2014.
  32. ^ In: RP Online, December 10, 2015 . Land sale / schedule
  33. ^ In: Westdeutsche Zeitung online edition of May 12, 2016 . Kö-Bogen II can still tip
  34. ↑ In: Online “Real Estate Themed Blog” from July 14, 2016 with December 2016 update . Redesign of the city center
  35. ↑ In: Express online edition of June 1, 2017 . Kö-Bogen II has started
  36. ↑ Kö-Bogen 2 is on the home straight. Retrieved May 13, 2019 .
  37. ↑ Alternatives to the design of the courtyard garden terraces . Website from April 13, 2011 in the duesseldorf.de portal , accessed on July 26, 2014.
  38. ↑ State capital Düsseldorf: Specification of the open space concept Kö-Bogen , submission No. 61/41/2014, March 26, 2014.
  39. ↑ Pictures, construction of the Kö pavilion begins. , on Imagine Structure, dated May 31, 2017
  40. ↑ The new Kö-Bogen II, urban planning concept for downtown Düsseldorf, 1st prize, with image supervision (pavilion light blue) , on competitionline.com, competitions and architecture, from March 23, 2010
  41. ↑ In: RP Online from September 6, 2018 . opening
  42. ↑ Thorsten Breitkopf: Kö-Bogen is changing retail . Article dated September 21, 2013, accessed September 21, 2013.
  43. ↑ Hans Onkelbach: Kö-Bogen triggers the construction boom in the city . Article from October 26, 2013 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on October 26, 2013.
  44. ^ WZ: Voting: The Kö-Bogen can come , results presentation by the city of Düsseldorf
  45. ↑ wz-newsline.de: Opening at Schadowplatz: Pros and Cons of the Kö-Bogen project , October 15, 2013.
  46. ↑ Kö-Bogen is the world's best urban renewal project. March 13, 2014 in the duesseldorf.de portal , accessed on March 14, 2014.
  47. ↑ 2014 MIPIM AWARDS , website in the mipim.com portal , accessed on March 14, 2014.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The following Internet link shows a view of the "valley". → Ingenhoven valley

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 37 ″  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 52 ″  E