Schwanenmarkt (Düsseldorf)

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Schwanenmarkt
Coat of arms of the state capital Duesseldorf.svg
Place in Düsseldorf
Schwanenmarkt
Schwanenmarkt with the Heinrich Heine monument, view from Haroldstrasse
Basic data
place Dusseldorf
District Carlstadt
Created from 1831
Confluent streets Haroldstrasse , Südstrasse, Bilker Strasse and Hohe Strasse ,
Buildings Residential buildings, some with offices and shops
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , parking boundaries with roads for car traffic
Space design planted with trees and bushes, part of the meadow with a memorial and children's playground, space delimitation with parking bays for cars
Technical specifications
Square area approx. 8,700 m²

The Schwanenmarkt is one of the areas in Düsseldorf that was created around the old city center at the beginning of the 19th century after the fortifications were razed. The square is on the north side of Haroldstrasse and north of the Schwanenspiegel , in Carlstadt and on the border with Unterbilk . Despite its name, this square was only used as a market for a short time.

history

In the city map of 1796 it can be seen that the later area of ​​the Schwanenmarkt largely belonged to the protective waters of the fortifications. The area was traversed by the southern Düssel towards the citadel and the Marie Amalie bastion . When Carlstadt was laid out at the end of the 18th century, it was therefore not yet possible to build on this area to the south from around Bastionstrasse, as the protective systems began here.

City area after the creation of Carlstadt in 1796

The French occupation of the fortress city of Düsseldorf, which withdrew in 1801, had blown up the fortifications. The protective waters were largely silted up with the material of the earth wall and blasted masonry remains. The result was the formation of a wasteland and swamp area, particularly in the large area around what would later become Haroldstrasse, which led to odor nuisance in nearby Carlstadt, especially in the warm summer. During the first clearing work and the construction of new facilities, which began under the French after the withdrawal of the French under Electoral Palatinate as well as in the Grand Duchy of Berg from 1806, the entire southern area of ​​the destroyed fortress areas was largely spared. When the Generalgouvernement of Berg took over rule in November 1813, followed shortly after by the Prussians , initially no clean-up work was carried out in this southern area due to lack of funds. This only changed with the approval of an overall plan for the restructuring by the Prussian government in Berlin on June 4, 1831. This approval concerned the entire area of ​​the former fortifications around the core city. The southern area of ​​Carlstadt could now also be upgraded for urban use.

After 1831, north of Haroldstrasse in the southern extensions of Bilker and Hohe Strasse up to the level of Südstrasse, the area was filled in, leveled and the square called Schwanenmarkt was created with four lawn squares. At the same time, the construction of houses began on three of the four sides of the square, as this was encouraged by tax relief for twenty-five years. The south side, on which Haroldstrasse was laid out, was excluded from the development. The newly built buildings can be traced back to the beginning of the 1840s. In magazines, rental offers for apartments on Schwanenmarkt were listed.

The design of the square as a lawn was not changed in the first decades after it was laid out. Due to the proximity to the barracks on Kasernenstrasse, the square was used at times as an additional parade ground for training soldiers. This use can be proven for the period around 1859. After this military use ended, a fountain was built in 1872. The motif of the fountain was a mermaid with a child. The manufacturer was the Lauchhammer art foundry. The monumental fountain was set up in the area of ​​a water basin.

At the end of the 1860s, the city council also briefly examined whether the planned new Protestant city ​​church should be built in the area of ​​the Schwanenmarkt instead of on Königsplatz, currently Martin-Luther-Platz .

The site was completely redesigned in 1883. The square was replanted with trees, shrubs and flower beds. In the 1880s, the southern area of ​​Carlstadt was connected to the public sewage network and areas in front of the buildings on Schwanenmarkt were paved with a sidewalk. From 1891 new benches were installed on the square.

The following changes and events occurred in the period from the end of the First World War :

  • In 1922 the damaged fountain bowls of the fountain were repaired. It followed at Pentecost
  • 1924, on June 8th, a strong cyclone in the area of ​​Carlstadt and Unterbilk. Various trees were uprooted at Schwanenmarkt and the treetops of many linden trees were largely broken off. This led off
  • 1925 to a redesign of the square with a new planting and the demolition of the now dilapidated fountain. It followed
  • In 1927 the paving of the sidewalks in the area in front of the buildings on Schwanenmarkt was renewed. Furthermore, was starting
  • In 1933 a new type of planting with mixed flowers was carried out in the flower beds. After the outbreak of the Second World War it was ab
  • In 1940 the weekly market was relocated from Carlsplatz to Schwanenmarkt, as the market was no longer possible there during the construction period due to the construction of an underground air raid shelter.

After the completion of the underground bunker under Carlsplatz, the market remained on the Schwanenmarkt. Even after the end of the war, the market on Schwanenmarkt was reopened and only moved back to Carlsplatz in May 1951: At the same time, a hundred car parking spaces were created on the east side of the square. In 1963 a decorative fountain was set up and in 1968, 1979 and 1980 the children's playground was expanded and converted.

In 1981, on the 125th anniversary of Heinrich Heine's death, a Heinrich Heine monument was erected , a puzzle in a meadow area of ​​the square. The design is by Bert Gerresheim .

Currently there is a normal children's play area with sand pits, slide and benches, a fenced-in ball game area and some table tennis tables. In addition to the meadow area with the Heinrich-Heine monument and the extensive playground area, the square is mostly overgrown with tall trees and bushes near the square's boundaries. With the exception of the south side, there are parking bays for cars on the other three sides of the square.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Administrative report of the state capital Düsseldorf. In: Period from April 1, 1914 to March 31, 1918 . P. [24] XXII. Online version
  2. ^ Official Journal for the Düsseldorf administrative region. In: Construction plan of the city of Düsseldorf No. 4442 . 1831, No. 64, p. [403] 406. Online version
  3. ^ Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. In: The building history of Düsseldorf . 1888, Düsseldorf, Krauss, p. [398] 381. Online version
  4. ↑ Official Journal for the Düsseldorf administrative region, in: Building plan of the city of Düsseldorf No. 4442, 1831, No. 64, p. [403] 406. Online version
  5. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Düsseldorf. In: Schwanenmarkt, various houses with details of the construction period from 1835 . Online version
  6. ↑ Düsseldorfer Kreisblatt. In: Daily advertisements, renting an apartment in Schwanenmarkt No. 1306 . June 2, 1843, pp. [593] -. Online version
  7. ^ History of the city of Düsseldorf. In: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary . 1888, Düsseldorf, Krauss, p. [129] 129. Online version
  8. ^ Forester. In: Address book for the municipality of Düsseldorf and the mayor's offices of Benrath, Erkrath and Kaiserswerth . 1910, p. [97] 69. Online version
  9. ^ In: Düsseldorfer tourist guide . 1902, Düsseldorf, Redemann & Ising. P. [23] -. Online version
  10. ↑ Bone, Karl. In: Düsseldorf and its surroundings . 1890, p. [52] 36. Online version
  11. ^ The Mariendenkmal in Düsseldorf. In: City Council's response to a petition . 1969, Kampmann, p. [13] 9. Online version
  12. ^ Report on the administration and the status of the municipal affairs of the city, financial year 1883/1884. In: XIII. Public facilities . 1884, p. [129] 129. Online version
  13. ^ Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine, Volume 3, 1888. In: Die Baugeschichte von Düsseldorf, 1886 . Pp. [136 to 141] 136 to 141.
  14. ^ Administrative reports of the state capital Düsseldorf, statistical office. In: Special part, period from April 1, 1919 to March 31, 1922 . 1922, p. [147] 135. Online version
  15. ^ Administrative report of the state capital Düsseldorf. In: from April 1, 1951 to March 31, 1953. p. [225] 221. Online version
  16. ^ Administrative reports of the state capital Düsseldorf, statistical office. In: Marktverwaltung-Amt 63, period from April 1, 1951 to March 31, 1953 . 1922, p. [147] 135. Online version
  17. ^ Administrative reports of the state capital Düsseldorf. In: V. Technische Ämter, period from April 1, 1951 to March 31, 1953 . 1922, p. [153] 149. Online version
  18. ↑ Budget of the city of Düsseldorf 1981, In: Explanations on the property budget . 1981, p. [567] 845.

Remarks

  1. ^ Only for 1922 was the complete record with time period and page given. The other missing references are as follows: “1924”, period 1922/25 , p. [289] 266, “1925”, period 1925/28 , p. [171] 151, “1927”, period 1925/28 , p . [349] 332, "1933", period 1933/36 under "Technology" , p. [323] 325. Online version
  2. ↑ The following is the evidence of the children's playgrounds, each in the budget of the city of Düsseldorf, section: Explanations or individual plans of the property budget. For specification 1963 . In: p. [328] 51, for 1968 , p. [387] 100, for 1979 , p. [438] 594 and for 1980 , p. [613] 892. Online version