Franz Boos

Bernhard Albrecht Moll : The only existing picture by Boos, Philadelphia 1783.

Franz Boos (born December 23, 1753 in Frauenalb , Margraviate Baden-Baden , † February 9, 1832 in Vienna ) was a German gardener who worked in Vienna . On behalf of Emperor Joseph II , he traveled with the Märter expedition to the southern USA and the Bahamas from 1783–1785, and from 1785–1788 independently to the Cape Colony and the Mascarenes . From 1791 he was director of the menagerie and court gardener in Schönbrunn , 1807–1827 director of all k. k. Court gardens.

Life

"After music, there is certainly none of the fine arts here more than gardening."

From Baden to Moravia and Vienna

Son of Oberhofgärtner Johann Boos in Rastatt (Baden-Baden), he left the local Piarist school after his death and learned the gardening trade from his stepfather. When Baden-Baden fell to Baden-Durlach and Rastatt lost its function as a residential city to Karlsruhe , Boos sought his luck further east, where there were only a few specialists in his field. He initially found employment in Moravia : in 1771 in the gardens of the Count's Dietrichstein castle in Seelowitz ( Židlochovice ), in 1774 in those of the princely Liechtenstein castle in Eisgrub ( Lednice ). Boos is said to have said to Joseph II about head gardener Lilie in Seelowitz in 1785: “In addition to God the Father, this man of honor was my greatest support; he taught the young tomboy to think first (...) "

In 1776 Boos became assistant to court gardener Ryk van der Schot in Schönbrunn , whom Joseph's late father Franz I had sent from 1754–1759 to the Antilles , Venezuela and Colombia with another Dutchman working in Vienna, the botanist Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin . For the last buildings that Empress Maria Theresa had carried out by Hetzendorf von Hohenberg in the park of Schönbrunn and paid for from her private fortune, Boos not only took care of the gardening, but also the paperwork and accounting under van der Schot's supervision. He also made a plan of the Schönbrunn court gardens from 1780, shortly after its completion. At the beginning of the 1780s he was accepted into the Masonic lodge Zur True Eintracht , whose master of the chair was the mineralogist Ignaz von Born .

Member of the Märter expedition

In 1783 Boos took part with the botanists Franz Joseph Märter and Matthias Leopold Stupić , the painter Bernhard Albrecht Moll and his young colleague Franz Bredemeyer in an expedition to obtain plants, animals and minerals , which was financed by Joseph II and organized by Born. Among other things, Boos was responsible for capturing new residents for the menagerie in Schönbrunn. The team led by Märter traveled via Brussels, Paris and Le Havre to Philadelphia , where it arrived shortly after the formal end of the American War of Independence . Boos toured Pennsylvania and New Jersey with Stupić . Then he drove with him by sea to Charleston (South Carolina) , where he arbitrarily sent seeds to van der Schot and ordered transport boxes for plants. Later, all five researchers met there again. Boos was raised from journeyman to master at Solomon's Lodge in Charleston, with which he held the same rank as Märter within the Masonic Association.

In March 1784 he accompanied the expedition leader and the ansbach - Bayreuth military doctor Johann David Schöpf to St. Augustine in East Florida and to New Providence in the Bahamas, which only one naturalist had entered before. While Märter returned to Charleston in May and Schöpf returned to Europe in June, Boos stayed in the Bahamas for eight months, although there was a lack of food and even drinking water. In winter he continued botanizing from Charleston. Stupić, whom he didn't like, left the expedition team there just as Moll had done before. From May to September 1785 Boos brought groupage from Charleston via London and Brussels to Vienna. More plants and animals survived than on the first such transport that Bredemeyer had accompanied the year before. When his growth in the ship was eaten by rats , Boos released the raccoons he was carrying .

Cape Colony, Mascarene Islands

Joseph II was so enthusiastic about what Boos brought with him that he immediately entrusted him with a new mission to the Dutch Cape Colony and the French Mascarens . Together with the gardener journeyman Georg Scholl from Weilbach in the Electorate of Mainz , Boos drove to Amsterdam via Brussels in October 1785. The sea voyage from Texel to Cape Town lasted from February to June 1786. On the way, an epidemic broke out on the overcrowded Holland , which left dozens of deaths among the 665 sailors and soldiers crowded together.

In the Cape Colony , Boos and Scholl were annoyed with Governor Cornelis Jacob van de Graaff , who "was in a delusion that the republic could only maintain its rule over the Hottentots through the violence of terror and superstition ". In return, the explorer Robert Jacob Gordon , who commanded the local garrison of the Dutch East India Company , obliged them to thank them . He installed them in a garden at the foot of Table Mountain and accompanied them on their first short excursions together with the Scottish botanist Francis Masson . In autumn 1786 he traveled with them to the semi-desert Karoo .

Leaving Scholl behind at the Cape as instructed, Boos sailed from February to April 1787 with Captain Nicolas Baudin on the Île-de-France ( Mauritius ). There he found the director of the Jardin du Roi (Garden of the King) of Pamplemousses , Jean-Nicolas Céré , an equally helpful hosts like Gordon. After visiting the Île Bourbon ( La Réunion ), where he moved into the mountains with the botanist Joseph Hubert and experienced an eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano , he returned with Baudin to Trieste via Cape Town and Malaga from November 1787 to June 1788. Scholl had to stay in Africa with some of the groupage. Boos arrived in Vienna in August. In addition to plants and minerals, he brought along a pair of zebras, a gazelle, a “mouse dog”, a “muscle rat”, ten primates and 80 birds. Joseph II personally gave him 200 ducats and made him adjunct at the menagerie and at the Dutch Botanical Garden in Schönbrunn.

Director of the menagerie and court gardens

Karl von Sales: Napoleon's son as a gardener, 1815.

When van der Schoot died in 1790 (one day before the emperor), Boos succeeded him as director of the menagerie and court gardener responsible for the Dutch botanical garden . In the same year he married van der Schot's daughter Elisabeth. Because of the First Coalition War, Scholl was only able to return to the imperial city via London and Hamburg in 1798/1799. Many of the plants that Boos and he had brought with us were described by Jacquin in a magnificent illustrated work.

Napoleon , who resided in Schönbrunn in 1805 , gave Boos an interview. When he was exiled to Sankt Helena ten years later , Boos had the gardener Philipp Welle who was traveling with him bring him a lock of his four-year-old son, who would later become the Duke of Reichstadt , who was being held in Austria - to the annoyance of State Chancellor Metternich .

The publicist Carl Bertuch , who visited Boos in 1806, calls him “a theoretically and practically versatile man, honest-hearted and modest”, who heads the facilities under his control “with strength and insight”. The botanist Graf Sternberg wrote in the same year: “Mr. Bose (sic) is carefully trying to keep the great institutions of Emperor Joseph alive; New products are no longer purchased. ”In 1808 Boos became“ Director of all k. k. Court gardens at Schönbrunn, Hetzendorf , in the Belvedere , Augarten , as well as the Burgbastey and terrace gardens ”. In the same year he founded a “pension institute for workers in the k. k. Court gardens ”. In 1810 he became imperial council .

According to a manuscript by Boos, his son Joseph (1794–1879), who later also became a court gardener, published a list of the plants cultivated in the Dutch botanical garden in 1816 . Study stays at Boos included the later Düsseldorf gardening director Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe and the later Prussian general gardening director Peter Joseph Lenné . Boos was a member of the Agricultural Society in Vienna, a corresponding member of the Royal Bohemian Pomological Association and an honorary member of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in Prussia. When he began to be ailing in 1827, he was retired with a full salary and Bredemeyer succeeded him.

Since 1905 there has been a Franz-Boos-Gasse in the Hietzing district of Vienna , to which Schönbrunn belongs .

Sources and literature

Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin : Plantarum rariorum horti cæsarei Schœnbrunnensis descriptiones et icones (descriptions and illustrations of rarer plants in the Schönbrunn imperial garden), 4 volumes, C. F. Wappler, Vienna 1797–1804 ( digitized version ).

On music, botany and gardens in Vienna (1798). In Christoph Martin Wieland (ed.): Der Neue Teutsche Merkur (Weimar), 1799, 1st volume, pp. 48-60 ( digitized version ).

Letter from Count Sternberg to Professor Duval , d (e) d (ato) Vienna, July 24, 1806. In: Botanische Zeitung (Regensburg), August 15, 1806, pp. 230-236 ( digitized version ).

Oesterreichisch-Kaiserliche privilegirte Wiener-Zeitung , February 3, 1808, p. 533 ( digitized version ).

Carl Bertuch : Comments on a trip from Thuringia to Vienna in the winter of 1805 to 1806. Second (sic) booklet, Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1810, p. 124 ff. ( Digitized ).

Court and State Schematism of the Austrian Empire. Hof- und Staats- Aerarial -Druckerey, Vienna 1811, p. 790 ( digitized version ); 1827, Part 1 ( digitized version ), p. 94.

Contributions to learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), Volume 6, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758 ( digitized version ).

Joseph Boos (and Franz Boos): Schönbrunn's Flora or systematically ordered directory of the kais. Dutch botanical courtyard garden at Schönbrunn. Geistinger, Vienna / Trieste 1816 ( digitized ).

( Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Austrian Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, pp. 150 f., March 31, pp. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f. ( Digitized version), no more published.

Boos, Franz. In Franz Gräffer , Johann Jakob Czikann (Hrsg.): Oesterreichische National-Encyklopädie (…), 6th volumes, Friedrich Beck, Vienna 1835 f., 1st volume, p. 353 f., 552 ( digitized version ) ; 6th volume, p. 378 f. ( Digitized version ).

Constantin von Wurzbach : Boos, Franz . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 2nd part. Publishing house of the typographic-literary-artistic establishment (L. C. Zamarski, C. Dittmarsch & Comp.), Vienna 1857, p. 61 f. ( Digitized version ).

Heinrich Wilhelm Reichardt : Boos, Franz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 138.

Joseph Boos: Biographical sketch of Franz Boos, plant collector in the Antilles and at Cap b (onae) Sp (ei) , later director of the Hofgarten in Schoenbrunn (manuscript from 1864). University of Vienna , Historical Collection of the Faculty Center for Biodiversity, Botany Library, J.-Nr. 6439, sign. C38 / 29 ( digitized ).

Ernst Moriz Kronfeld : On the history of the Schönbrunner garden. In: Wiener Zeitung , 1891, September 15, pp. 2–5, September 16, pp. 2–4, September 17, pp. 2-4 ( digitized version ).

Ernst Moriz Kronfeld: Emperor Joseph II Cap Expedition (1786 to 1788). In: Wiener Zeitung, June 15, 1894, pp. 3–5 ( digitized version ).

Ignatius Urban (Ed.): Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta florae Indiae occidentalis , 9 volumes, fratres Horntraeger, Berolini , then Lipsiae 1898–1928, Volume 1, pp. 89, 232 ( digital copy ); Volume 3, fratres Horntraeger, Lipsiae 1902 f., Pp. 25-27, 80 f., 121, 147 ( digitized version ).

Ernst Moriz Kronfeld: Park and Garden of Schönbrunn ( Amalthea library, 35th volume). Amalthea-Verlag, Zurich 1923, passim .

John Andre: William Berczy , Co-Founder of Toronto . A Canada Centennial Project of the Borough of York, Toronto 1967, unpaginated illustration part (pictures by Boos and Bredemeyer exchanged).

Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century, in: Mitteilungen des Oesterreichischen Staatsarchiv, No. 35, 1982, pp. 85-109.

Helga Hühnel: Imperial “journeyman gardeners” travel to America. In Elisabeth Zeilinger (ed.): Austria and the New World, Symposium in the Austrian National Library , proceedings ( Biblos-Schriften 160), Austrian National Library, Vienna 1993, pp. 95-102.

Helene M. Kastinger Riley : Charleston's Drawing Master Bernhard Albrecht Moll and the South Carolina Expedition of Emperor Joseph II of Austria. In: The Journal of Early Southern Decorative Arts, Volume 21, Winston-Salem (North Carolina) 1995, Fig. 3 f. ( Digitized version ).

Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l ' Île-de-France (...), Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , passim .

Peter Bruyns / Cornelia Klak: A Systematic Study of the Old World Genus Fockea (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens, Volume 93, No. 4, December 2006, pp. 535-564, here: pp. 552-554 ( digitized ).

Ernst Zecher: The old lady of Schönbrunn, Fockea capensis Endl., Fockea crispa (Jacq.) K. Sch, attempt to present her story. Self-published, Vienna 2008.

Web links

References and comments

↑ Occasionally also written Bose . Cf. Intelligence Journal of the General. Literatur-Zeitung (Jena), May 5, 1792, column 435 ( digitized version ).

↑ On music, botany and gardens in Vienna (1798). In Christoph Martin Wieland (ed.): Der Neue Teutsche Merkur (Weimar), 1799, 1st volume, pp. 48–60, here: p. 52 ( digitized version ).

↑ ( Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Oesterreichisches Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, p. 150 f., March 31, p. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., Here: p 155 ( digitized version ).

^ Contributions to the learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758, here: p. 756 ( digitized version ); (Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Oesterreichisches Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, p. 150 f., March 31, p. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., Here: p 151 ( digitized version ).

^ Austrian National Library , collection of manuscripts and old prints, Cod. Ser. N. 3517, fol. 28 (minor to N. N., Charleston, December 15, 1783), 34 (Märter to Cobenzl, Charleston, June 15, 1784).

↑ Cf. St. Augustin in East Florida, March 17, 1784, the same (Märters) Nachrichten aus Ostflorida (…) In Ignaz Edler von Born (Ed.): Physical works of the unifying friends in Vienna, 1st year, 4th quarter , 1785, pp. 101-107 ( digitized version ); Professor Märter's news from the Bahamian Islands (…) New Providence , May 15, 1784. There, 2nd volume, 1st quarter, 1786, pp. 58–84 ( digitized version ); Johann David Schöpf: Journey through some of the central and southern United North American States to East Florida and the Bahama Islands, undertaken in the years 1783 and 1784, Johann Jacob Palm, Erlangen 1788, Part 2, pp. 352-499 ( digitized ).

↑ Mark Catesby , 1725. Cf. Ignatius Urban : Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta florae Indiae occidentalis , Volume 3, fratres Horntraeger, Lipsiae 1902 f., P. 147 ( digitized version ).

↑ (Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Austrian Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, pp. 150 f., March 31, pp. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., Here: p 154 ( digitized version ). The author's statement that Märter left the Bahamas after a fortnight is incorrect.

↑ See Introduced North American Plants and Animals. In Johann Riem / J. C. C. Löwe (Ed.): Physicalisch-Wirtschafts Zeitung on the year 1785, 2nd volume, Gottlieb Löwe, Breslau, 42nd piece, p. 986 f. ( Digitized version ); Contributions to learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758, here: p. 756 ( digitized version ).

↑ Helga Hühnel: Imperial “journeyman gardeners” travel to America. In Elisabeth Zeilinger (Ed.): Austria and the New World, Symposium in the Austrian National Library, proceedings ( Biblos-Schriften 160), Austrian National Library, Vienna 1993, pp. 95-102, here: p. 99.

↑ Joseph Boos: Biographical sketch about Franz Boos, plant collector in the Antilles and at Cap b (onae) Sp (ei) , later director of the Hofgarten in Schoenbrunn (manuscript from 1864). University of Vienna , Historical Collection of the Faculty Center for Biodiversity, Botany Library, J.-Nr. 6439, sign. C38 / 29 ( digitized ).

↑ (Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Austrian Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, pp. 150 f., March 31, pp. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., No more published , here: p. 166 f. ( Digitized version ).

↑ Joseph Boos: Biographical sketch about Franz Boos, plant collector in the Antilles and at Cap b (onae) Sp (ei) , later director of the Hofgarten in Schoenbrunn (manuscript from 1864). University of Vienna , Historical Collection of the Faculty Center for Biodiversity, Botany Library, J.-Nr. 6439, sign. C38 / 29 ( digitized ); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l ' Île-de-France (…), Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 36–39.

^ Contributions to scholarly Austria (Franz Boos). In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art, 6th year, Anton Strauss, Vienna 1815, December 29, pp. 756–758 ( digitized version ); Joseph Boos: Biographical sketch of Franz Boos, plant collector in the Antilles and at Cap b (onae) Sp (ei) , later director of the Hofgarten in Schoenbrunn (manuscript from 1864). University of Vienna , Historical Collection of the Faculty Center for Biodiversity, Botany Library, J.-Nr. 6439, sign. C38 / 29 ( digitized ); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century. An Episode in the Career of Nicolas Thomas Baudin. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchiv 35/1982, pp. 85–109, here: pp. 92–100 ( digitized version ); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l ' Île-de-France (…), Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 42–54.

^ Austrian National Library, collection of manuscripts and old prints, Cod. Ser. N. 3794, pars III, fol. 141 recto.

↑ Franz Gräffer / Johann Czikann (ed.): Oesterreichische National-Encyklopädie (…). 1. Volume, Friedrich Beck, Vienna 1835, p. 353 f. ( Digitized version ).

^ Contributions to the learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758 ( digital copy ), here: p. 158.

↑ Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin : Plantarum rariorum horti cæsarei Schœnbrunnensis descriptiones et icones (descriptions and illustrations of rarer plants in the Schönbrunn Imperial Garden), 4 volumes, C. F. Wappler, Vienna 1797–1804 ( digitized version ).

^ Ernst Moriz Kronfeld : Park and Garden of Schönbrunn ( Amalthea library, 35th volume). Amalthea-Verlag, Zurich 1923, pp. 32 f., 36 f., 69–71, 107–111, 135 / note. 1.

^ Carl Bertuch : Remarks on a trip from Thuringia to Vienna in the winter of 1805 to 1806. 2nd issue, Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1810, p. 126 ( digitized version ).

^ Letter from Count Sternberg to Professor Duval , d (e) d (ato) Vienna, July 24, 1806. In: Botanische Zeitung (Regensburg), August 15, 1806, pp. 230–236, here: p. 231 ( digitized version ) .

^ Oesterreichisch-Kaiserliche privilegirte Wiener-Zeitung , February 3, 1808, p. 533 ( digitized version ).

↑ Franz Gräffer / Johann Czikann (ed.): Oesterreichische National-Encyklopädie (…). 1st volume, Friedrich Beck, Vienna 1835, p. 552 ( digitized version ); Court and State Schematism of the Austrian Empire. 1. Theil, Hof- und Staats-Aerarial -Druckerey, Vienna 1811, p. 790 ( digitized version ).

^ Contributions to the learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758 ( digital copy ), here: p. 158.

↑ Joseph Boos (and Franz Boos): Schönbrunn's Flora or systematically ordered directory of the im kais. Dutch botanical courtyard garden at Schönbrunn. Geistinger, Vienna / Trieste 1816 ( digitized ).

↑ Court and State Schematism of the Austrian Empire. 1. Theil, Hof- und Staats-Aerarial-Druckerey, Vienna 1827 ( digitized version ), p. 94.

personal data
SURNAME	Boos, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Director of the Imperial and Royal Court Gardens
DATE OF BIRTH	December 23, 1753
PLACE OF BIRTH	Frauenalb , Margraviate Baden-Baden
DATE OF DEATH	February 9, 1832
Place of death	Vienna

[1] Occasionally also written Bose . Cf. Intelligence Journal of the General. Literatur-Zeitung (Jena), May 5, 1792, column 435 ( digitized version ).

[2] On music, botany and gardens in Vienna (1798). In Christoph Martin Wieland (ed.): Der Neue Teutsche Merkur (Weimar), 1799, 1st volume, pp. 48–60, here: p. 52 ( digitized version ).

[3] ( Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Oesterreichisches Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, p. 150 f., March 31, p. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., Here: p 155 ( digitized version ).

[4] Contributions to the learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758, here: p. 756 ( digitized version ); (Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Oesterreichisches Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, p. 150 f., March 31, p. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., Here: p 151 ( digitized version ).

[5] Austrian National Library , collection of manuscripts and old prints, Cod. Ser. N. 3517, fol. 28 (minor to N. N., Charleston, December 15, 1783), 34 (Märter to Cobenzl, Charleston, June 15, 1784).

[6] Cf. St. Augustin in East Florida, March 17, 1784, the same (Märters) Nachrichten aus Ostflorida (…) In Ignaz Edler von Born (Ed.): Physical works of the unifying friends in Vienna, 1st year, 4th quarter , 1785, pp. 101-107 ( digitized version ); Professor Märter's news from the Bahamian Islands (…) New Providence , May 15, 1784. There, 2nd volume, 1st quarter, 1786, pp. 58–84 ( digitized version ); Johann David Schöpf: Journey through some of the central and southern United North American States to East Florida and the Bahama Islands, undertaken in the years 1783 and 1784, Johann Jacob Palm, Erlangen 1788, Part 2, pp. 352-499 ( digitized ).

[7] Mark Catesby , 1725. Cf. Ignatius Urban : Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta florae Indiae occidentalis , Volume 3, fratres Horntraeger, Lipsiae 1902 f., P. 147 ( digitized version ).

[8] (Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Austrian Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, pp. 150 f., March 31, pp. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., Here: p 154 ( digitized version ). The author's statement that Märter left the Bahamas after a fortnight is incorrect.

[9] See Introduced North American Plants and Animals. In Johann Riem / J. C. C. Löwe (Ed.): Physicalisch-Wirtschafts Zeitung on the year 1785, 2nd volume, Gottlieb Löwe, Breslau, 42nd piece, p. 986 f. ( Digitized version ); Contributions to learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758, here: p. 756 ( digitized version ).

[10] Helga Hühnel: Imperial “journeyman gardeners” travel to America. In Elisabeth Zeilinger (Ed.): Austria and the New World, Symposium in the Austrian National Library, proceedings ( Biblos-Schriften 160), Austrian National Library, Vienna 1993, pp. 95-102, here: p. 99.

[11] Joseph Boos: Biographical sketch about Franz Boos, plant collector in the Antilles and at Cap b (onae) Sp (ei) , later director of the Hofgarten in Schoenbrunn (manuscript from 1864). University of Vienna , Historical Collection of the Faculty Center for Biodiversity, Botany Library, J.-Nr. 6439, sign. C38 / 29 ( digitized ).

[12] (Johann Wilhelm Ridler :) Franz Boos, Director of the k. k. Court gardens. In: Austrian Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature, 1832, March 29, pp. 150 f., March 31, pp. 153–155, April 7, p. 166 f., No more published , here: p. 166 f. ( Digitized version ).

[13] Joseph Boos: Biographical sketch about Franz Boos, plant collector in the Antilles and at Cap b (onae) Sp (ei) , later director of the Hofgarten in Schoenbrunn (manuscript from 1864). University of Vienna , Historical Collection of the Faculty Center for Biodiversity, Botany Library, J.-Nr. 6439, sign. C38 / 29 ( digitized ); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l ' Île-de-France (…), Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 36–39.

[14] Contributions to scholarly Austria (Franz Boos). In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art, 6th year, Anton Strauss, Vienna 1815, December 29, pp. 756–758 ( digitized version ); Joseph Boos: Biographical sketch of Franz Boos, plant collector in the Antilles and at Cap b (onae) Sp (ei) , later director of the Hofgarten in Schoenbrunn (manuscript from 1864). University of Vienna , Historical Collection of the Faculty Center for Biodiversity, Botany Library, J.-Nr. 6439, sign. C38 / 29 ( digitized ); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century. An Episode in the Career of Nicolas Thomas Baudin. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchiv 35/1982, pp. 85–109, here: pp. 92–100 ( digitized version ); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l ' Île-de-France (…), Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 42–54.

[15] Austrian National Library, collection of manuscripts and old prints, Cod. Ser. N. 3794, pars III, fol. 141 recto.

[16] Franz Gräffer / Johann Czikann (ed.): Oesterreichische National-Encyklopädie (…). 1. Volume, Friedrich Beck, Vienna 1835, p. 353 f. ( Digitized version ).

[17] Contributions to the learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758 ( digital copy ), here: p. 158.

[18] Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin : Plantarum rariorum horti cæsarei Schœnbrunnensis descriptiones et icones (descriptions and illustrations of rarer plants in the Schönbrunn Imperial Garden), 4 volumes, C. F. Wappler, Vienna 1797–1804 ( digitized version ).

[19] Ernst Moriz Kronfeld : Park and Garden of Schönbrunn ( Amalthea library, 35th volume). Amalthea-Verlag, Zurich 1923, pp. 32 f., 36 f., 69–71, 107–111, 135 / note. 1.

[20] Carl Bertuch : Remarks on a trip from Thuringia to Vienna in the winter of 1805 to 1806. 2nd issue, Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1810, p. 126 ( digitized version ).

[21] Letter from Count Sternberg to Professor Duval , d (e) d (ato) Vienna, July 24, 1806. In: Botanische Zeitung (Regensburg), August 15, 1806, pp. 230–236, here: p. 231 ( digitized version ) .

[22] Oesterreichisch-Kaiserliche privilegirte Wiener-Zeitung , February 3, 1808, p. 533 ( digitized version ).

[23] Franz Gräffer / Johann Czikann (ed.): Oesterreichische National-Encyklopädie (…). 1st volume, Friedrich Beck, Vienna 1835, p. 552 ( digitized version ); Court and State Schematism of the Austrian Empire. 1. Theil, Hof- und Staats-Aerarial -Druckerey, Vienna 1811, p. 790 ( digitized version ).

[24] Contributions to the learned Austria. (Continuation.) In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 6th year, No. 156, December 29, 1815, pp. 756–758 ( digital copy ), here: p. 158.

[25] Joseph Boos (and Franz Boos): Schönbrunn's Flora or systematically ordered directory of the im kais. Dutch botanical courtyard garden at Schönbrunn. Geistinger, Vienna / Trieste 1816 ( digitized ).

[26] Court and State Schematism of the Austrian Empire. 1. Theil, Hof- und Staats-Aerarial-Druckerey, Vienna 1827 ( digitized version ), p. 94.