Nicolas Baudin

André-Joseph Mécou after Joseph Jauffret: Nicolas Baudin, 1800.

Charles-Alexandre Lesueur : Le Géographe and Le Naturaliste.

Nicolas-Thomas Baudin (born  February 17, 1754 in Saint-Martin-de-Ré , †  September 16, 1803 in Port-Louis ) was a French navigator and expedition leader . After being on the side of USA at the American Revolutionary War had participated, he made one after research trips to Austria and France . Initially celebrated in both countries, it then fell victim to the Damnatio memoriae . As an autodidact , he encountered prejudices among natural scientists and as a former captain of the merchant navy among naval officers. Even if project-making was involved in his career , research tends towards his rehabilitation.

Celebrated and damned

Before Baudin set out on his last expedition, the only engraving appeared that authentically reproduces a lost portrait of the seafarer . This was drawn secretly by Joseph Jauffret (1781–1836) in August 1800 during a banquet . The engraver is André-Joseph Mécou (1774–1838). The following quatrain, written by the traveling zoologist François Péron (1775–1810), is reproduced below the portrait :

“De Cook, de Bougainville émule généreux,
Sur leurs traces Baudin va marcher à la gloire.
Et, dans les fastes de l'Histoire,
Clio marque déjà sa place à côté d'eux. "

Translated into prose : “Baudin will achieve fame in the footsteps of Cook and Bougainville , whom he dignifiedly emulate. And Klio already determines his place at their side in the annals of history. ”As the author of the official expedition report, however, the same Péron painted a negative image of Baudin. So negative that Napoleon is said to have said: “Baudin was good to die; I would have left him hanging on my return. "

American War of Independence

Baudin's childhood home in Saint-Martin-de-Ré .

Baudin's father, the merchant François Baudin (1719–1780) in Saint-Martin-de-Ré on the Île de Ré , owned barges for coastal shipping . His mother Suzanne b. Guillobé (approx. 1728–1778) was a cousin of the shipowner Jean Peltier Dudoyer (1734–1803) in Nantes . Baudin's brothers Alexandre (1756-1822) and Augustin (1757-1821) also became captains. Baudin went to sea early. In 1775 he went as a Fourier with a troop transport to the Île de France, today's Mauritius . In 1776 he served in the grenadier company of the regiment of Pondichéry ( French India ), but without being able to become a civil officer .

Jean-Marc Nattier : Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais , 1755.

This was made possible by the American War of Independence (1775–1783), in which France - undercover until 1778 - supported the USA. Peltier equipped about 15 ships with which the poet Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (1732–1799) supplied the troops of George Washington with war supplies. Returning to Lorient in 1777 , Baudin received the rank of lieutenant at sea in the French navy, albeit only temporarily because of the lack of nobility. He served on the Duc de Choiseul , which officially belonged to Peltier and was raised by the English off Nova Scotia in 1778 . Despite a gunshot wound, he managed to escape from Halifax to Boston . As a result, he commanded the transport ship L ' Amphitrite , which sank in a storm 60 miles off the coast at Cape Cod , then the package ship La Revanche (The Revenge), which off Saint-Domingue , today's Haiti , after a five-hour battle of the Royal Navy fell into hand. Baudin was again a prisoner of war in Jamaica . After profiting from a prisoner exchange, he returned to France in 1779 on the captured English frigate La  Minerve . In 1780 he received the patent as captain of the merchant navy in La Rochelle .

In the same year he was in Rochefort in command of the frigate L ' Apollon transfer of 44 guns that convoys escorted . But when a trip to the Cape of Good Hope was due in 1782 , Baudin was replaced by the commandant of Brest , Charles-Jean d'Hector, with a noble protégé and resigned from service in the Navy. His last engagement at the time of the American War of Independence was 1782–1784 in command of the frigate L'Aimable Eugénie (The Amiable Eugenie), which belonged to Beaumarchais and had been equipped by Peltier.

Subsequently, Baudin probably participated in the trade between the Austrian Netherlands and the USA. Ostend , which Emperor Joseph II had declared a free port in 1781, played an important role in this . During this time, Baudin is said to have given help to a subject of the emperor who was captured by barbarian corsairs , which is why he received the order of Saint Phillipps as the lion of the Counts of Limburg-Styrum in 1786 and thus the right to call himself Chevalier .

Expeditions for Austria

→ Main article : Märter expedition

Cape Province , Mascarene Mountains (1786–1788)

Bernhard Albrecht Moll : Franz Boos , 1783.

In 1785 Baudin brought French expelled from Canada ( Acadians ) from Nantes to New Orleans, then Spanish ( deportation of Acadians ). When he was traveling from there to the Île de France, he could have negotiated with the botanist Franz Joseph Märter (1753-1827) in Jamaica in October 1786 . This had been entrusted by Joseph II with the management of an expedition team, which had broken up in the meantime. As a result, from February to March 1787, Baudin brought an earlier companion of Märters, the gardener Franz Boos (1753-1821) from Frauenalb in Baden , from the Dutch Cape Colony to the Île de France. For the return trip in December, Boos Baudins chartered Pepita (Josepha), which was renamed La pépinière (The Nursery) . Because the ship did not have enough space, Boos left some of the people collected there on the Cape under the care of his sick assistant Georg Scholl (1751–1831). He reached Vienna in August 1788 via Málaga and Trieste . Baudin, whom he praised very much, had traveled there ahead of him. The largest animals they brought with them were two zebras .

East India (1788–1794)

Introduced by Boos to the care of plants and animals, Baudin set out in 1788 on a partly commercial, partly scientific mission to East India. Then he should bring Scholl back. But he lost two ships, both of which he had named La jardinière (The Gardener) . The first was shipwrecked near Asunción ( Northern Mariana Islands ) in 1789 under the command of his deputy en route from Macau to North America . The second fell victim to a cyclone in December of that year on the Île de France, where he bought it .

To get to Europe, Baudin boarded a ship of the Spanish Compañía de Filipinas ( Philippines Company) in 1790 . This was apparently unseaworthy, so that he had to leave his collections in Trinidad . He returned to Vienna via Martinique in September 1791. There he negotiated another trip to New Holland (Australia), which Emperor Leopold II only wanted to help finance after Scholl had been transported back. Shortly before the third Jardinière, a frigate with 20 cannons, with the gardeners Franz Bredemeyer (1758–1839) and Joseph van der Schot, a baron of Andrian-Werburg as well as some k. k. Officers and soldiers set sail from Genoa under the Austrian flag in May 1792 , the Kaiser died and the First Coalition War broke out. Baudin only found out about the latter after passing the Strait of Gibraltar . He went to Malaga to get instructions, but was arrested and taken to Madrid. After unsuccessfully attempting to return to the French Navy, he was able to continue the journey in October. Because the Austrians returned home on board, he took over the collection of natural history material himself.

Baudin reached the Cape via Madeira in April 1793 and drove from there towards New Holland. But he had to turn back because of storm damage and have the ship repaired in Bombay . Since a large part of the crew was lured away from him there, he returned via the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea towards the Cape Colony. While his native France abolished slavery, he bought slaves in Mozambique . They were able to save themselves when the third Jardinière ran aground on a reef in April 1794 near Cape Agulhas , the southernmost point of Africa . As a result, the disappointed Scholl claimed - as an investigation showed, wrongly - that Baudin had orchestrated the accident and thereby damaged Austria. According to Baudin, parts of the collected goods destined for Vienna were also saved, including living plants of 150 to 200 species in 160 boxes and barrels and 70 living birds. In 1795 he is said to have entrusted this material to the engineer and botanist Pierre Labarrère in Trinidad and to some French people living there. (Spain, to which Trinidad belonged, then left the coalition against France .)

Expeditions to France

Antilles (1796–1798)

Antonio González: Red Egret , Saint Thomas (from Baudin's diary).

Antonio González: Tabebuia heterophylla, Puerto Rico (from Baudin's diary).

When Baudin returned to Le Havre via New England in December 1795 , he submitted a project to Naval Minister Laurent Truguet (1752-1839) to intercept English convoys returning from India at Saint Helena . When he was unsuccessful, he promised in March 1796 the botanist Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu (1748-1836), who headed the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and the associated Jardin des Plantes , to leave the collections left behind on Trinidad to these institutions if the governing board of directors pays for the transport costs. He presented a catalog with self-made colored drawings. At the same time he offered to procure more plants and animals on the still little explored Trinidad and the nearby coast of South America. He had also won over the shipowner Langevin in Nantes to lend the republic the Flûte La Belle Angélique (The Beautiful Angelica) . Both the management of the museum and the directorate, to which a botanist Louis-Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux (1753-1824) belonged, approved the project, so that Baudin was able to set sail in Le Havre in September.

When the ship between the Azores and Madeira was damaged by a storm, the 108 men on board survived, according to the accompanying priest and botanist André-Pierre Ledru (1761-1825) only thanks to the experience and cold-bloodedness of Baudin, who was injured in the head . On Tenerife, he climbed the 3718 meter high Teide volcano in December , but ice prevented him from reaching the summit. As a replacement for the Belle Angélique , he acquired the brig La Fanny, which only offered space for 50 men. Because Spain had allied itself with France, the English occupied Trinidad in February 1797. When Baudin arrived there in April, he had to leave without having achieved anything. This although the President of the Royal Society , the botanist Joseph Banks (1743-1820), had given him a letter of protection from the Admiralty . His brother Augustin was later able to handle a small part of his collections.

The expedition team's stays in Tenerife (November 1796 – March 1797), in the Danish West Indies (April – July 1797) and on Puerto Rico (July 1797 – April 1798) were profitable. Between Baudin, Ledru, the zoologist René Maugé (1757–1802) and the gardener Anselm Riedle , French Anselme Riedlé (1765–1801) from Irsee in the Allgäu , there was “republican unity”. When expedition members like Riedle fell ill, Baudin felt responsible for their wellbeing. In order to be able to take away the harvest, the Fanny in Saint Thomas, Denmark , was exchanged for the larger three-master Le Triomphe . Baudin banished the team in the cargo hold to the water barrels so that the lower deck could accommodate 270 plants crates. Trees over 1.5 meters high were lowered to the bottom of the cargo hatches . The main deck was given skylights that could be sealed with tarred tarpaulin . The return trip from San Juan via Fécamp to Paris lasted from April to June 1798. During a storm, Baudin stayed on the bridge for 48 hours to save the ship and the plants. It cost him a similar amount of effort to be let through the English Channel by the Royal Navy .

Pierre-Gabriel Berthault after Girard: Baudin's plants in the triumphal procession of the Fête de la Liberté.

On 27./28. In July, Paris celebrated the Fête de la Liberté (Festival of Freedom) to commemorate the end of Robespierre's reign of terror in 1794. Baudin's exotic plants ( bananas , coconut and other palms , papayas ) were carried along in a triumphal procession , together with those of Bonaparte in Venice captured horses from San Marco and the residents of the Bernese Bear Pit kidnapped by Brune . Jussieu paid Baudin the highest praise. A special glass house was built for his plants in the Jardin des Plantes . In August he received the degree of sea ​​captain in the navy.

Ledru's account of the trip appeared in print in 1810. In it he tells, among other things, how he paved a path with the saber through the jungle in Puerto Rico, through which Baudin, Maugé and Riedle carried a tree fern , and how he fell in love with a planter's daughter who was 20 years his junior despite his priestly skirt. In his comments on Ledru's work, the botanist Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini (1751–1812), in contrast to the author, portrayed Baudin negatively. His own diary had to wait until 2009 for publication.

The mineralogist Alexandre-Philippe Advenier († 1803), the surgeon Jean-Louis Hogard and the painter Antonio González, who made a second trip to the Spanish part of Hispaniola (today's Dominican Republic ) after the expedition , never saw their homeland again .

Circumnavigation plans (1798/99)

While Bonaparte set out on the Egypt campaign in May 1798, accompanied by 167 scientists and artists , Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729–1811), who was the first Frenchman to sail around the world from 1766–1769, planned a repetition of his trip, including the Prussian one Natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) should take part. But since Bougainville was already 68 years old, the board of directors replaced him as head of the company with the returning Baudin. Humboldt writes about the planned expedition with three corvettes : “We should spend the 1st year in Paraguaÿ and in the Patagonian country , the 2nd in Peru , Chili , Mexico and California , the 3rd in the Southern Sea , the 4th in Madagascar and the 5th in Guinea . “ Lack of money and the foreseeable outbreak of the Second Coalition War (1798 / 99–1801 / 02) led to the postponement of the departure by at least one year. As a result, Humboldt and the botanist Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858) set out for South America alone , but Baudin promised to pick them up in Callao (Peru).

Australia, West Timor (1800–1804)

→ Main article : Baudin expedition

However, he could not keep the aforementioned agreement, because in 1800 Bonaparte, who had in the meantime taken power as the first consul, commissioned him to research Australia, which the French Joseph Bruny d'Entrecasteaux (1737-1793) was already involved in. had involved. Baudin had two corvettes for this purpose: Le Géographe (The Geographer ) with 24 cannons under his own command and Le Naturaliste (The Naturalist) with 10 cannons under the frigate captain and later Rear Admiral Emmanuel Hamelin (1768-1839). When they set sail in Le Havre in October, the Second Coalition War, in which Spain and the Batavian Republic ( Netherlands ) were allied with France, was in full swing. Purely scientific undertakings like that of Baudin, however, the warring powers issued mutual letters of protection.

As the zoologist Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (1778–1846) writes, no expedition had been better composed until then. Baudin was under no less than 22 researchers (more specialists than generalists ) and 29 officers (including two frigate captains , five lieutenants , but also cadets ), with whom he could not easily assert himself as an autodidact in the sciences and as a former captain of the merchant navy. There was no team spirit like on the previous expedition.

The first stop was again Tenerife. The onward journey took longer than usual, and on the Île de France, which was isolated by the war, Baudin was unable to take care of himself in March / April 1801. Riedle, who fell from a rock on Tenerife, botanized again. On the other hand, sailors deserted to go on a pirate voyage . The doyen of the scientists, the botanist André Michaux (1746–1802), left the expedition team with his gardeners Jean-François Cagnet (* 1756) and Merlot. His example was followed by the astronomer Frédéric Bissy (1768–1834), the botanist Jacques Delisse (1773–1856), the zoologists Bory and Désiré Dumont, the painters Michel Garnier (1753–1829) and Jacques Milbert (1766–1829) because of actual or alleged illness . 1840) and the draftsman Louis Lebrun. This was blamed on the expedition leader, but the dangers and privations of the seafaring at that time and especially a trip into the unknown may have contributed to it.

Nicolas-Martin Petit: Banded rabbit kangaroo (only occurs on two West Australian islands).

In May, Baudin reached Cape Leeuwin , the south-western tip of New Holland (Australia). Delayed in relation to the itinerary, he did not go straight to Van Diemens' Land ( Tasmania ) as planned . Instead, he followed the inaccessible west coast of New Holland, where there was almost no fresh water. The mineralogist Charles Bailly (1777–1844) described the few Aborigines they met as "closer to the natural state and wilder than any other people". In the Geographe Bay named by Baudin after his ship, his sloop capsized , for which Baudin's deputy frigate captain Alexandre Le Bas de Sainte-Croix (1759-1828) was responsible. Le Géographe and Le Naturaliste lost contact with each other. Because of insubordination, Baudin Fähnrich zur See Antoine Furcy Picquet (1777–1831) released his duty and took over one of the five guards himself .

Nicolas-Martin Petit: Young woman with child, West Timor 1801.

In August and September the ships arrived in Kupang (West Timor), a base of the Batavian Republic, to replenish their supplies . The local population, according to Bailly, was "gentle, happy and reasonably civilized". Engineer François-Michel Ronsard (1769–1836) built a new sloop. Baudin handed Picquet, who challenged him to a duel with sabers , to the governor for imprisonment and repatriation to France. He had a tomb erected for his travel companion and chief gardener Riedle, who died in October of an infection of the digestive tract . He himself fell ill with tuberculosis . Le Bas, who made himself Picquet's advocate, dueled Ronsard and was left with a pistol shot in his arm.

Nicolas-Martin Petit: Young Tasmanian woman with shorn hair and with a child in kangaroo skin .

In November, the expedition, circumnavigating New Holland counterclockwise, crossed to Van Diemens' Land , whose west coast, namely the D'Entrecasteaux Canal , they explored from January to March 1802. The French tried to make friends with the Tasmanians . These Aborigines, isolated from the mainland since the Ice Age, who were later exterminated by the English, were increasingly hostile to them after initial expressions of sympathy. In March, the astronomer Pierre-François Bernier (1779–1803) observed one solar and one lunar eclipse one after the other .

Nicolas-Martin Petit: Young Aborigines dressed in  imported fabrics , New Holland (Australia).

When Baudin and Hamelin lost contact again, the latter headed for Port Jackson, the port of Sydney in the English colony of New South Wales founded in 1788 . Bailly praised the human rights activist Henri Grégoire (1750-1831) that the Aborigines were treated there with consideration. There are no slaves. Meanwhile, Baudin drove back through Bass Strait and the south coast of Australia to the Nuyts Archipelago . He met, also in April 1802, in the Encounter Bay (meeting bay ) with the English Commander Matthew Flinders (1774-1814), who with a smaller research team as Baudin from December 1801 on the Sloop Investigator the said coast in an easterly direction had explored.

After sailing around Tasmania, Baudin also sought refuge in Sydney, where he stayed from June to November and spoke to Flinders again before he set off northwards for the first circumnavigation of Australia in July. The Governor of New South Wales, Philip Gidley King (1758-1808), granted Baudin support and credit , especially since the news of the peace agreement between France and England had arrived in the meantime. Bought for exploring of shallow bays Baudin the built in Sidney saver Le Casuarina (The kangaroo tree ), he Ensign Louis de Freycinet (1779-1842) assumed. In December he separated on King Island (Tasmania) from Hamelin, who brought the natural history material collected up to that point back to Le Havre via the Île de France in June 1803. The former slave trader Baudin now seems to have become an advocate of human rights , as he wrote to Governor King on the island named after him: “(...) I could never have imagined that it was fair or even honorable for Europeans to meet in the name of your government, seize a country that you will see for the first time when it is inhabited by people who (...) were children of nature (...) "

Baudin and Freycinet followed the south coast of Australia separately, but met again in February 1803 in King George Sound (Western Australia). In May the two ships were again in Kupang. There, in March / April, the Flinders sailing in the opposite direction had also taken care of itself. Baudin's team was exhausted from scurvy . The botanist Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de La Tour (1773-1826) was prevented from continuing his journey due to illness, was later blocked on Java and was only able to return to France in 1807. Baudin, on the other hand, continued the expedition despite his tuberculosis in June 1803, but had to turn around in July due to adverse winds near Arnhem Land ( Northern Territory ). In August he reached Port-Louis on the Île de France, where he succumbed a month later. Le Casuarina was left behind. The command of Le Géographe took over Hamelin's deputy lieutenant to the sea Pierre-Bernard Milius (1773-1829), who had left the expedition in Sidney and had traveled from July 1802 to February 1803 via Canton to Port-Louis. The ship set sail in December and landed in Lorient in March 1804 after a stop at the Cape of Good Hope .

Of the researchers and artists, only Bailly, the hydrograph Charles-Pierre Boullanger (1772–1813), the geographer Pierre Faure (1777–1855), the gardener Antoine Guichenot (1783–1867), the painter Charles-Alexandre Lesueur (1778– 1846), Péron and the painter Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) the expedition. Like Baudin and Riedle, the zoologist Stanislas Levillain (1774–1801) and Maugé, who had already been part of the Belle Angélique team , Bernier, the mineralogist Louis Depuch (1774–1803) and the gardener Antoine Sautier († 1801) did not see France again.

Baudin bust by Peter Gelencser in Busselton on Geographe Bay .

In 1804 Bory published a work on the first part of the expedition, which paints a different picture of Baudin than Boos and Ledru. He accuses him of having abused the mission for private business and seeing the scholars as useless eaters. In 1806 Napoleon approved the printing of Péron's travelogue, which leaves no opportunity to tarnish Baudin's reputation, or even to name him. Probably because Picquet once saved his life, Péron conceals the reasons for his punishment as well as the duel between Le Bas and Ronsard. After Péron's death, Freycinet and others completed the report. Baudin could no longer defend himself. The two diaries he kept on this trip (one official and one private) did not appear in print until 1974 and 2000, respectively. Returning to England, Flinders, who had already been shipwrecked on the Great Barrier Reef , was held on the Île de France for seven years by the captain-general of French India, Charles-Matthieu-Isidore Decaen , so that he only kept his records shortly before Death could publish. That is why Freycinet went down in history as the author of the oldest general map of Australia.

If Baudin discovered even smaller parts of the Australian coast, the scientific yield of his expedition was even greater. Numerous geographical names are reminiscent of their members and their ships, while von Baudin used such as Terre Napoléon for Australia's southeast coast did not prevail. There were commemorative events and publications to mark the 200th anniversary of the meeting between Baudin and Flinders. In 2005, a monument was erected to the French navigator in Busselton on Geographe Bay .

Illustrations by Charles-Alexandre Lesueur

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  Terapon theraps ( Cuvier , 1829).

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  Chaetodon decussatus (Cuvier, 1831).

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  Zanclus cornutus ( Linnaeus , 1758).

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  Lethrinus nebulosus ( Forsskål , 1775).

Unprinted source used

• Austrian National Library , Collection of Manuscripts and Old Prints, Cod. Ser. N. 3517.

literature

• La Décade philosophique, littéraire et politique (Paris), October 1, 1796, p. 111 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k56196225%2Ff122~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); June 18, 1798, p. 562 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k57340245%2Ff50~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); August 27, 1798, p. 439 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k4239845%2Ff439~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); July 18, 1799, p. 129 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k423986x%2Ff132~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); August 7, 1799, pp. 257 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k423986x%2Ff260~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); August 17, 1799, p. 321 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k423986x%2Ff324~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); February 19, 1802, p. 323 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k1258948f%2Ff330~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ): Riedle to Unknown, Île de France , April 20, 1801; July 9, 1802, pp. 82-87 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k1258949v%2Ff89~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D): Riedle to André Thouin , Timor , September 28, 1801; September 9, 1803, pp. 120 f. ( Digital copyhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k12589686%2Ff133~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ): Bailly to Henri Grégoire , King Island , December 7, 1802; September 29, 1803, p. 248 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k12589686%2Ff261~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel (Paris), u. a. June 17, 1798, p. 1080 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F17-juin-1798%2F149%2F1262925%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); July 22, 1798, p. 1218 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F22-juillet-1798%2F149%2F2235317%2F2~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); July 27, 1798, pp. 1237 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F27-jul-1798%2F149%2F1275601%2F1~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); August 30, 1798, p. 1375 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F30-aout-1798%2F149%2F1275793%2F3~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); May 13, 1800, p. 942 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F13-mai-1800%2F149%2F1417803%2F2~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); August 25, 1800, pp. 1359 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F25-aout-1800%2F149%2F1330241%2F3~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); September 9, 1800, pp. 1422 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F9-septembre-1800%2F149%2F1417709%2F2~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); October 21, 1800, p. 109 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F21-octobre-1800%2F149%2F1537729%2F1~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); November 6, 1800, p. 176 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F6-novembre-1800%2F149%2F1417693%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); November 18, 1800, p. 222 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F18-novembre-1800%2F149%2F1303621%2F2~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); July 3, 1803, p. 1282 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F3-juillet-1803%2F149%2F1276673%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); August 15, 1803, p. 1450 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F15-aout-1803%2F149%2F1276625%2F2~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); September 13, 1803, p. 1568 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F13-septembre-1803%2F149%2F1263239%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); May 22, 1804, p. 1200 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F22-mai-1804%2F149%2F1331023%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); October 18, 1804, p. 92 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F18-octobre-1804%2F149%2F1331061%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); November 16, 1806, p. 1381 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F16-novembre-1806%2F149%2F1531835%2F1~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Fêtes de la Liberté, et entrée triomphale des objets de sciences et d'arts recueillis en Italie: Programs. Imprimerie de la République, Paris Year 6 (1797/98).
• Mémoires d'agriculture, d'économie rurale et domestique, publiés par la Société d'agriculture du département de la Seine (...), Volume 2, Madame Huzard, Paris Year 9 (1800/01), p. 62 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5849082p%2Ff63~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent : Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d'Afrique (…) Avec l'histoire de la traversée du capitaine Baudin jusqu'au Port-Louis de l ' Île Maurice . 3 volumes (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k104735c%3Frk%3D42918%3B4~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k967873%3Frk%3D85837%3B2~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k96788f%3Frk%3D64378%3B0~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), plate volume ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k1047374%3Frk%3D21459%3B2~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), F. Buisson, Paris year 13 (1804).
• François Péron et al. : Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (…) Historique, 2 volumes (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F95867%23page%2F7%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96198%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Atlas , 2 parts (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96197%23page%2F7%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96196%23page%2F5%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Navigation et geographie ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96199%23page%2F7%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), Imprimerie Impériale and Royale, Paris 1807–1816; 2nd, reviewed, corrected and enlarged edition, Historique, 4 volumes (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DCtsNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~M% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DmNwNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3Axw_s8jzhHJkC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojbyp23%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypECXi%q%Q6f6ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%q%BH%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%q%BH%3Dfrontcover%26dqDepage 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DGNsNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26hl%3Dde%3Dfalse%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 4:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DIdsNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Atlas ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DaXVdAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3Dde 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1824.
• André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (…) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, by M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (…) 2 volumes, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DVvoOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA316%26dq%3DLedru%2BVoyage%2Baux%2B%C3%AEles%2Bde%2BT%C3%A9n%C3%A9riff%2C%2Bla 2BTrinit% C3% A9% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjUjY3uxs3iAhUm0aYKHdcJDhUQ6AEIKzAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dtrue ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0 ~ 3D ~% 3D ~ double sided PUR% 3D ); German by Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann : trip to the islands of Tenerife, Trinidad, St. Thomas, St. Crux and Porto-Rico; undertaken on the orders of the French government, from September 30, 1796 to June 7, 1798, under the direction of Capitain Baudin. 2 volumes, Heinrich Büschler in Elberfeld , Leipzig 1811 (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F21691%23page%2F5%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F23198%23page%2F5%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Matthew Flinders : A voyage to Terra Australis (…) prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802 and 1803 (…) 2 volumes (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F187447%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F188245%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), Atlas ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F188490%23page%2F4%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), G. & W. Nicol, London 1814.
• Joseph-Philippe-François Deleuze : Histoire et description du Muséum royal d'histoire naturelle. A. Royer, Paris 1823 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DLd3FXGOR4F4C%26pg%3DPA291%26lpg%3DPA291%26dq%3D%2522mus%C3%A9um%2522%2B%2522riedl%C3%A9%2522%26source%3Dbl% 26ots% 3Dud67dSUzm9% 26sig% 3DACfU3U1OlM2-Ngmyfna23QuGMfLd7dxm_A% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D2ahUKEwiKzdLyrN7jAhXm0 %qYKHdodABIseA% 3DEwepage 26% QQalAhXm0 %qYKHdodABIseA% 3DEwepage 26% QQFalA 23% 3DEwepage 26% C3falAhXm0% AQYKHdodABIQ6A% 3DEwepage 26% C3falc 0 ~ 3DEQ6% 3DEwepage 26% C3fal 0 ~ 3DEQ6% 3DEwepage 26% C3falc 0 ~ 3DEQ6% 3DEwepage 26ots 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. 87-89, 105-108, 128 f., 291 ff. Et passim .
• Louis Audiat: F. Péron (de  Cérilly ), sa vie, ses voyages et ses ouvrages. Énaut, Moulins 1855, p. 62 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5780508x%2Ff67~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Frank Murcott Bladen (Ed.): Historical Records of New South Wales , Volume 5, Charles Potter, Sidney 1897, pp. 826-830 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-380756710%2Fview%3FpartId%3Dnla.obj-381253715%23page%2Fn945%2Fmode%2F1up .~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Ignatius Urban (ed.): Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta florae Indiae occidentalis , Fratres Horntraeger, Volume 1, Berolini 1898, pp. 93-95 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F23192%23page%2F105%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D); Volume 3, Lipsiae 1902 f., Pp. 72 f., 113, 150-152, 157 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F3753%23page%2F75%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Ernest Scott : Terre Napoléon . A History of French Explorations and Projects in Australia. Methuen, London 1910 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fterrenapoleonhis00scot%2Fpage%2Fn8~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• André Bezin: André-Pierre Ledru, sa correspondance à l'occasion d'un voyage aux Canaries et aux Antilles. In: La Révolution dans la  Maine 10/1934, pp. 17-44, 109-134, 187-212, 241-260, 321-336.
• Arthur W. Jose: Nicolas Baudin. In: Royal Australian Historical Society, Journal and Proceedings, 29/6 (1934), pp. 337-396.
• René Bouvier, Édouard Maynial: Une ?? aventure dans les mers australes: L'expédition du commandant Baudin (1800-1803). Mercure de France, Paris 1947.
• Jean-Paul Faivre: Voyage du contre-amiral Hamelin aux Terres Australes (1800-1803). In: Revue d'histoire des colonies 46/1958, No. 158, pp. 5-28 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Foutre_0399-1385_1958_num_45_158_1289~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ .double-sided LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• The Journal of Post Captain Nicolas Baudin, Commander-in-Chief of the Corvettes Géographe and Naturaliste (…) Transl. Christine Cornell, Libraries Board of South Australia , Adelaide 1974, ISBN 0724300430 .
• Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century. An Episode in the Career of Nicolas Thomas Baudin. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchiv 35/1982, pp. 85-109 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Flibrary.hungaricana.hu%2Fhu%2Fview%2FMosta_35%2F%3Fpg%3D94~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Norman James Brian Plomley: The Baudin Expedition and the Tasmanian Aborigines, 1802. Blubber Head Press, Hobart 1983, ISBN 9780908528103 .
• Jacqueline Bonnemains: Les ?? Illustrations du livre de bord du capitaine Nicolas Baudin: expédition de découvertes aux terres australes (1800-1804) ( Annales du Muséum du  Havre 26). Éditions du Muséum, Le Havre 1983.
• David Kenneth Wetherbee: The extinct Cuban and Hispaniolan macaws (Ara, Psittacidae), and description of a new species, Ara cubensis. In: Caribbean Journal of Science, 21 (16), pp. 169-175 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.redciencia.cu%2Fgeobiblio%2Fpaper%2F1985_Wetherbee_The%2520Extinct%2520Macaws.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D%MDZ%S3D%0A~ 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Same: Zoological exploration of the Lesser Antilles and Virgin Islands for endemic species. Self-published, (Shelburne, Massachusetts ) 1985 (not seen).
• Same: Zoological exploration of Puerto Rico for endemic species. Self-published, (Shelburne, Massachusetts) 1986 (not seen).
• Jacqueline Bonnemains: Les ?? Illustrations du livre de bord du capitaine Nicolas Baudin: expédition de découvertes aux terres australes (1800-1804): répertoire des documents retrouvés ( Annales du Muséum du Havre 33). Éditions du Muséum, Le Havre 1986.
• Jacqueline Bonnemains, Pascale Hauguel (ed.): Récit du voyage aux Terres australes, par Pierre-Bernard Milius, second sur le naturaliste dans l'expédition Baudin (1800-1804). Société Havraise d'études diverses / Muséum d'histoire naturelle du Havre 1987.
• Frank Horner: The French Reconnaissance: Baudin in Australia, 1801-1803. Melbourne University Press, Carlton 1987.
• Jacqueline Bonnemains et al. (Ed.): Baudin in Australian Waters: The Artwork of the French Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Lands, 1800-1804. Oxford University Press / Australian Academy of the Humanities, Melbourne, 1988, ISBN 9780195547870 .
• Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years. The role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. In: Archives of Natural History, 18/1991, pp. 333-362.
• Susan Hunt: Terre Napoléon: Australia through French eyes, 1800-1804 (exhibition catalog). Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales, (Sydney) 1999, ISBN 9780949753861 .
• Roger Ageorges: Île de Ré, Terres australes: Les voyages du capitaine Baudin, marin et naturaliste. Groupement d'Études Rétaises, Sainte-Marie-de-Ré 1994, ISBN 2-9508430-6-9 .
• Jacqueline Bonnemains et al. (Ed.): Mon voyage aux Terres Australes. Journal personnel du commandant Baudin. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-7433-0384-0 .
• Anthony Jarrold Brown: Ill-Starred Captains: Flinders and Baudin. Crawford House, Belair ( South Australia ) 2000, ISBN 9781863331920 ; through Ed., Arts Center Press, Fremantle 2004.
• Anne Lombard-Jourdan: Les deux portraits de Nicolas Baudin. In: Archipel (Paris) 62/2001, pp. 65–70 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Farch_0044-8613_2001_num_62_1_3662~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Muriel Proust de La Gironière: Nicolas Baudin, marin et explorateur, ou Le mirage de l'Australie. Éditions du Gerfaut, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-914622-13-9 .
• Georges Rigondet: François Péron 1775-1810 et l'expédition du commandant Nicolas Baudin: Les Français à la découverte de l'Australie. Éditions des cahiers bourbonnais, Charroux 2002, ISBN 2853701751 .
• Jean Bourgoin, Étienne Taillemite: The Baudin Expedition to Australia 1800-1804. In: International Hydrographic Review, New Series 3/1, April 2002, pp. 6-19 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2Fihr%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F20569%2F23731~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l' Île-de-France , 1801, 1803. Ultimate escale du capitaine Baudin. Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X .
• The Baudin expedition 1800-1804: Texts, Contexts and Subtexts. Special edition Australian Journal of French Studies, 41/2, May – August 2004.
• Jean Fornasiero et al .: Encountering Terra Australis: the Australian Voyages of Nicolas Baudin and Matthew Flinders. Wakefield Press, Kent Town (South Australia) 2004, ISBN 1-86254-625-8 ; through Edition 2010.
• Michèle Rivas (-Baudin): Un navigateur-naturaliste d'origine poitevine, célèbre en Australie, méconnu dans sa patrie: Nicolas Baudin (1754-1803). In: Revue historique du Center-Ouest 5/2006, pp. 73–112.
• Michel Jangoux: Nicolas Baudin par son contemporain André Pierre Ledru: une autre perception du capitaine naturaliste. In Sophie Linon-Chipon, Daniela Vaj (ed.): Relations savantes. Voyages et discours scientifiques. Presses de l'Université Paris- Sorbonne 2006, pp. 107–120.
• Serge M. Rivière, Kumari R. Issur (eds.): Baudin - Flinders dans l'océan India (…) Actes du colloque international organisé par l'Université de Maurice, October 2003. L'Harmattan, Paris 2007, ISBN 978- 2-296-02280-5 .
• Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 .
• Éric Poix (Ed.): Pierre-Bernard Milius. Voyage aux terres australes. Un officier de marine de l'expédition Baudin découvre l'Australie et la Tasmanie: 1800-1804. La Lanterne magique, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-916180-07-6 .
• Gabrielle Baglione, Cédric Crémière: Charles-Alexandre Lesueur  : peintre voyageur, un trésor oublié. Conti, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-35103-011-0 .
• Michel Jangoux (ed.): Portés par l'air du temps, les voyages du capitaine Baudin ( Études sur le XVIIIe siècle  38), Éditions de l ' Université de Bruxelles 2010, ISBN 978-2-8004-1486-7 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdigistore.bib.ulb.ac.be%2F2015%2Fi9782800414867_f.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Margaret Sankey: Writing the Voyage of Scientific Exploration: The Logbooks, Journals and Notes of the Baudin Expedition (1800-1804) . In: Intellectual History Review 20/2010, pp. 401-413 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F17496977.2010.492618~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Same: Writing and Rewriting the Baudin Scientific Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere, 1800-1804. In Jean Fornasiero, Colette Mrowa-Hopkins (ed.): Explorations and Encounters in French, University of Adelaide Press 2010, ISBN 978-0-9806723-2-9 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Fpress%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2F2019-04%2Fuap-explorations-ebook.pdf~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. 103-134.
• Jean Fornasiero, John West-Sooby: Doing it by the Book: Breaking the Reputation of Nicolas Baudin. In Jean Fornasiero, Colette Mrowa-Hopkins (ed.): Explorations and Encounters in French, University of Adelaide Press 2010, ISBN 978-0-9806723-2-9 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Fpress%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2F2019-04%2Fuap-explorations-ebook.pdf~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. 135-164.
• Jan Altmann: Drawing as Observing: The Images of the Baudin Expedition (1800–1804). Walter de Gruyter , Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-05-005207-6 .
• David Hill: The great race: the race between the English and the French to complete the map of Australia. Little, Brown, London 2014, ISBN 978-1-4087-0642-8 .
• Michel Jangoux: Le voyage aux Terres australes du commandant Nicolas Baudin: Génèse et préambule (1798-1800). Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne 2013, ISBN 978-2-84050-889-2 .
• Nicole Starbuck: Baudin, Napoleon and the Exploration of Australia. Pickering & Chatto, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-84893-210-4 .
• John West-Sooby (Ed.): Discovery and Empire. The French in the South Seas. University of Adelaide Press 2013, ISBN 978-1-922064-52-3 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Fpress%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2F2019-04%2Fuap-discovery-ebook.pdf~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Bertrand Daugeron: À la recherche de l'Espérance: revisiter la rencontre des Aborigènes tasmaniens avec les Français, 1772-1802. Ars Apodemica, Paris 2014, ISBN 978-2-95471-720-3 .
• Jean Fornasiero, John West-Sooby (transl.): French Designs on Colonial New South Wales: François Péron's memoir on the English settlements in New Holland, Van Diemen's Land and the archipelagos of the great Pacific Ocean. The Friends of the State Library of South Australia, Adelaide 2014, ISBN 978-1-876-154-75-2 .
• Tugdual de Langlais: L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais  ... Jean Peltier Dudoyer. Coiffard, Nantes 2015, ISBN 978-2-919339-28-0 .
• Jean Fornasiero, John West-Sooby: Voyages et déplacements des savoirs. Les expéditions de Nicolas Baudin entre Révolution et Empire. In: Annales historiques de la  Révolution française , 2016/3 (No. 385), pp. 23–45 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-annales-historiques-de-la-revolution-francaise-2016-3.htm~GB%3D~IA%3D~ MDZ% ​​3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Jessica Morais: La bonne entente en haute mer: impact de la mission scientifique sur les relations sociales dans l'expédition de Nicolas Baudin (1800-1804). Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke ( Québec ) 2016 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsavoirs.usherbrooke.ca%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11143%2F8773%2FMorais_Jessica_MA_2016.pdf%3Bsequence%3D1~GB%3D~D%3DZ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Justin J. F. J. Jansen: The ?? ornithology of the Baudin expedition (1800-1804) (dissertation University of Leiden ). Self-published, Grave 2018, ISBN 978-90-90-30902-6 .
• The Baudin expedition to Australia 1800-1804. Nicolas-Martin Petit (1777–1804) & Charles-Alexandre Lesueur (1778–1846) (auction catalog). Hordern House, Melbourne 2018 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fhordern_house%2Fdocs%2Fdh1721_baudin_v1.8a_flipbook_new_re~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ~%3D%0A~d LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Ulrich Päßler et al. (Ed.): Alexander von Humboldt to Karl Ludwig Willdenow , Aranjuez , April 20, 1799. In: edition humboldt digital, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , Berlin, version of May 27, 2019 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fedition-humboldt.de%2Fv4%2FH0001200~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).

Videos, web links

Commons : Nicolas Baudin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Klaus Toft: The Navigators. Baudin vs.  Flinders . Australian Broadcasting Corporation , 2002 (English). 2 parts, 52:40, 55:11 (1:  video on YouTube ; 2:  video on YouTube ).
• Tracy Baron, Linda Kennedy: The Voyage of Nicolas Baudin. South Australian Maritime Museum, 2012 (English). 5:19, ( video on YouTube ).
• Martin Woods: Mapping Our World: Terra Australis To Australia. National Library of Australia , 2013 (English). 2:19 ( video on YouTube ).
• The Baudin Legacy Project. University of Sydney ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsydney.edu.au%2Farts%2Fresearch%2Fbaudin%2Fproject%2Findex.shtml~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Diana S. Jones: The Baudin Expedition in Australian waters (1801-1803): the faunal legacy. Western Australian Museum ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.wa.gov.au%2Ffc%2Faos%2Fdj~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• The Art of Science. Baudin's Voyagers 1800-1804. Western Australian Museum, Educational Resource ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.wa.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FArt_Science_Teacher_Resource_0.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).

References and comments

1. ^ See Anne Lombard-Jourdan: Les deux portraits de Nicolas Baudin. In: Archipel (Paris) 62/2001, pp. 65-70 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Farch_0044-8613_2001_num_62_1_3662~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), Fig. 1; Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel (Paris), 9 September 1800, p. 1423 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F9-septembre-1800%2F149%2F1417709%2F3~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), 6 November 1800, p. 176 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F6-novembre-1800%2F149%2F1417693%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
2. ^ François Péron et al. : Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (…) Historique, 2 volumes, Imprimerie Impériale and Royale, Paris 1807/1816 (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F95867%23page%2F7%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96198%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
3. ↑ “Baudin a bien fait de mourir; à son retour, je l'eusse fait pendre. ”Quoted from Louis Audiat: F. Péron (de  Cérilly ), sa vie, ses voyages et ses ouvrages. Énaut, Moulins 1855, p. 62 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5780508x%2Ff67~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
4. ↑ He had the right to supply the Cordouan lighthouse in the Gironde estuary .
5. ↑ See Tugdual de Langlais: L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais  ... Jean Peltier Dudoyer. Coiffard, Nantes 2015, ISBN 978-2-919339-28-0 .
6. ↑ Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini's note in André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798 , sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (…) Volume 1, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. XLI f, according to which Baudin never served in the French Navy before 1798 is therefore wrong.
7. ^ Frank Horner: The French Reconnaissance: Baudin in Australia, 1801-1803. Melbourne University Press 1987, p. 24 f .; Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l' Île-de-France , 1801, 1803. Ultimate escale du capitaine Baudin. Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , p. 32 f.
8. ↑ Michèle Rivas (-Baudin): Nicolas Baudin et la guerre d'Indépendance américaine (1777-1779). In Michel Jangoux (ed.): Portés par l'air du temps, les voyages du capitaine Baudin ( Études sur le XVIIIe siècle  38), Éditions de l ' Université de Bruxelles , 2010, ISBN 978-2-8004-1486-7 ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdigistore.bib.ulb.ac.be%2F2015%2Fi9782800414867_f.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. 15-25, here: pp. 18, 24. Eugénie is the title heroine of Beaumarchais' first stage work, which premiered in 1767.
9. ↑ In New Orleans, Baudin's brother Alexandre bought a plantation in 1798. See Admiralty Decisions in the District Court of the United States, for the Pennsylvania district, by the Hon. Richard Peters (…) Volume 2, Patrick Byrne, Philadelphia 1807, pp. 415-419 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dkh82AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA415%26lpg%3DPA415%26dq%3Dalexandre%2Bbaudin%2Bnouvelle%2Borl%C3%A9ans%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DPtGqluhO28%26sig%3DACfU3U1pDpKC_ic9drLOKlj9IVH5na6LjQ% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D2ahUKEwigoajhp7PiAhXKR5oKHaAUAFQQ6AEwDHoECAYQAQ% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D PUR ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~. 3D% 3D% 3D ~); Henry C. Bezou: Metairie, A Tongue of Land to Pasture. Pelican, Gretna 2003 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Difurs8uRVWkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D ~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. 60, 77.
10. ↑ Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Geographe et le Naturaliste à l'Île-de-France, 1801, 1803. Ultimate escale du capitaine Baudin. Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , p. 33 incl. Note 26.
11. ^ Wiener Zeitung , June 18, 1788, p. 1494 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fanno.onb.ac.at%2Fcgi-content%2Fanno%3Faid%3Dwrz%26date%3D17880618%26seite%3D2~GB%3D~IA%3D~ MDZ% ​​3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
12. ^ Ernst Moriz Kronfeld: Park and Garden of Schönbrunn ( Amalthea library, 35th volume). Amalthea-Verlag, Zurich 1923, p. 100.
13. ^ Contributions to scholarly Austria (Franz Boos). In: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art, 6th year, Anton Strauss, Vienna 1815, December 29, pp. 756–758 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DM0ZEAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA756%26dq%3D%2522Maerter%2522%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjDkIPU16TfAhXRblAKHY23% IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century. An Episode in the Career of Nicolas Thomas Baudin. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchiv 35/1982, pp. 85–109, here: pp. 92–100 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Flibrary.hungaricana.hu%2Fhu%2Fview%2FMosta_35%2F%3Fpg%3D105%26layout%3Ds~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D); the same: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l'Île-de-France, 1801, 1803. Ultime escale du capitaine Baudin. Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 42-54.
14. ↑ Austrian National Library , Cod. Ser. N. 3517, fol. 360 f. (Boos to Vice Chancellor Johann Philipp Cobenzl , Trieste, June 24, 1788).
15. ↑ See Sébastien Brunner: Correspondances intimes de l'empereur Joseph II avec son ami le comte de Cobenzl et son premier ministre le prince de Kaunitz (...) François Kirchheim, Mayence 1871, pp. 75, 78 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcorrespondancesi00jose%2Fpage%2F75~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
16. ^ Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century. An Episode in the Career of Nicolas Thomas Baudin. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchiv 35/1982, pp. 85–109, here: pp. 100–102 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Flibrary.hungaricana.hu%2Fhu%2Fview%2FMosta_35%2F%3Fpg%3D109~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D); the same: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l'Île-de-France, 1801, 1803. Ultime escale du capitaine Baudin. Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 52-54.
17. ↑ One hypothesis According Baudin would have 1,786 bellows endemic brought birds to Trinidad, the Märter and its companion Franz Brede Meyer had acquired. See David Kenneth Wetherbee: The extinct Cuban and Hispaniolan macaws (Ara, Psittacidae), and description of a new species, Ara cubensis. In: Caribbean Journal of Science, 21 (16), pp. 169-175 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.redciencia.cu%2Fgeobiblio%2Fpaper%2F1985_Wetherbee_The%2520Extinct%2520Macaws.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D%MDZ%S3D%0A~ 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), here: pp. 170 f .; same: Zoological exploration of the Lesser Antilles and Virgin Islands for endemic species. Self-published, (Shelburne, Massachusetts ) 1985 (not seen); same: Zoological exploration of Puerto Rico for endemic species. Self-published, (Shelburne, Massachusetts) 1986 (not seen).
18. ^ Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris- Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , p. 20.
19. ↑ Gottfried Emanuel Ferdinand Anton (1766–1827)? Cf. Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses, 9/1859, p. 3 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DgvVSAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA3%26dq%3D%2522gottfried%2522%2B%2522andrian%2Bwerburg%2522%2B1766%2B1827%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DXvedved 3D0ahUKEwjNhpH4iZjiAhXKwqYKHUNMAisQ6AEIKDAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
20. ^ Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , p. 20.
21. ↑ Austrian National Library, Cod. Ser. N. 3517, fol. 414 f. (Bredemeyer to Cobenzl, Málaga, May 26, 1792), 416 f. (ditto, August 24, 1792), 418-420 (ditto, September 29, 1792); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century. An Episode in the Career of Nicolas Thomas Baudin. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchiv 35/1982, pp. 85–109, here: pp. 103–107 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Flibrary.hungaricana.hu%2Fhu%2Fview%2FMosta_35%2F%3Fpg%3D116~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D); the same: Le Géographe et le Naturaliste à l'Île-de-France, 1801, 1803. Ultime escale du capitaine Baudin. Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 54-62.
22. ↑ Austrian National Library, Cod. Ser. N. 3517, fol. 429–439 (Scholl to Cobenzl, Cape of Good Hope, June 26, 1794, enclosures); Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Contacts between Schönbrunn and the Jardin du Roi at Isle de France (Mauritius) in the 18th Century. An Episode in the Career of Nicolas Thomas Baudin. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchiv 35/1982, pp. 85–109, here: pp. 107 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Flibrary.hungaricana.hu%2Fhu%2Fview%2FMosta_35%2F%3Fpg%3D120~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Frank Horner: The French Reconnaissance: Baudin in Australia, 1801-1803. Melbourne University Press 1987, pp. 27 f .; Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane: Le Geographe et le Naturaliste à l'Île-de-France, 1801, 1803. Ultimate escale du capitaine Baudin. Port-Louis 2003, ISBN 99903-31-12-X , pp. 62-64, 70-74.
23. ↑ Baudin named the Malabar and Coromandel coasts , the Straits of Malacca , China, the Cape Province and America for the plants and the Malabar coast and Mozambique for the birds .
24. ^ Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , pp. 22-24, 191 f., 204 f.
25. ^ André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (...) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (…) Volume 1, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. 243 f.
26. ^ Peace of Basel , July 1795.
27. ↑ Ignatius Urban (ed.): Symbolae Antillanae seu Fundamenta florae Indiae occidentalis , Volume 3, Fratres Borntraeger, Lipsiae 1902 f., P. 157 ( digital copyhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F3753%23page%2F160%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); see. André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (…) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (...) Volume 1, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. 239.
28. ^ Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , pp. 19–43.
29. ↑ Including four officers with the rank of ensign at sea .
30. ^ André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (...) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, by M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (…) Volume 1, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D version), pp. 4–13; see. Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , pp. 61–65, 81–83.
31. ↑ Baudin's records of the ascent, in which Ledru did not participate, are lost. See André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (... ) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (…) Volume 1, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. 171; Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , pp. 117, 141 f.
32. ^ André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (...) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (…) Volume 1, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. 4 f., 210–212.
33. ^ Second Treaty of San Ildefonso , August 1796.
34. ^ André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (...) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (...) Volume 1, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. XXVII – XIX, 244 / note 1.
35. ↑ In addition to those named, the expedition team included the surgeon Valentin Tuffet as anatomist, the mineralogist Alexandre-Philippe Advenier, the three amateur naturalists Stanislas Levillain (zoologist), Jean-Louis Hogard (surgeon) and Louis Legros ( engineer ), and the painter Antonio González . None of the naval officers assigned to Baudin held a higher rank than ensign at sea .
36. ↑ See Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel (Paris), September 9, 1800, p. 1422 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F9-septembre-1800%2F149%2F1417709%2F3~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , p. 312 ff. Et passim .
37. ^ André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (...) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (...) Volume 2, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DVvoOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA316%26dq%3DLedru%2BVoyage%2Baux%2B%C3%AEles%2Bde%2BT%C3%A9n%C3%A9riff%2C%2Bla 2BTrinit% C3% A9% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjUjY3uxs3iAhUm0aYKHdcJDhUQ6AEIKzAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dtrue ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0 ~ 3D ~% 3D ~ double sided PUR% 3D ), 46 f., 278–290.
38. ^ Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel (Paris), July 27, 1798, p. 1237 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F27-jul-1798%2F149%2F1275601%2F1~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Fêtes de la Liberté, et entrée triomphale des objets de sciences et d'arts recueillis en Italie: Programs. Imprimerie de la République, Paris Year 6 (1798).
39. ^ Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , p. 19 incl. Note 1.
40. ^ Joseph-Philippe-François Deleuze : Histoire et description du Muséum royal d'histoire naturelle. A. Royer, Paris 1823 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DLd3FXGOR4F4C%26pg%3DPA291%26lpg%3DPA291%26dq%3D%2522mus%C3%A9um%2522%2B%2522riedl%C3%A9%2522%26source%3Dbl% 26ots% 3Dud67dSUzm9% 26sig% 3DACfU3U1OlM2-Ngmyfna23QuGMfLd7dxm_A% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D2ahUKEwiKzdLyrN7jAhXm0 %qYKHdodABIseA% 3DEwepage 26% QQalAhXm0 %qYKHdodABIseA% 3DEwepage 26% QQFalA 23% 3DEwepage 26% C3falAhXm0% AQYKHdodABIQ6A% 3DEwepage 26% C3falc 0 ~ 3DEQ6% 3DEwepage 26% C3fal 0 ~ 3DEQ6% 3DEwepage 26% C3falc 0 ~ 3DEQ6% 3DEwepage 26ots 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. 291 ff.
41. ^ André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (...) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (…) Volume 2, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DVvoOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA316%26dq%3DLedru%2BVoyage%2Baux%2B%C3%AEles%2Bde%2BT%C3%A9n%C3%A9riff%2C%2Bla 2BTrinit% C3% A9% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjUjY3uxs3iAhUm0aYKHdcJDhUQ6AEIKzAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dtrue ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0 ~ 3D ~% 3D ~ double sided PUR% 3D ), pp. 55 f., 69–78, 279 f.
42. ^ André-Pierre Ledru: Voyage aux iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint-Thomas, Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco, exécuté par ordre du gouvernement français, de septembre 1796 à juin 1798, sous la direction du capitaine Baudin (...) ouvrage accompagné de notes et d'additions, par M. (Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert) Sonnini (…) 2 volumes, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1810 (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwsluWxgW6gYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DVvoOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA316%26dq%3DLedru%2BVoyage%2Baux%2B%C3%AEles%2Bde%2BT%C3%A9n%C3%A9riff%2C%2Bla 2BTrinit% C3% A9% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjUjY3uxs3iAhUm0aYKHdcJDhUQ6AEIKzAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dtrue ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0 ~ 3D ~% 3D ~ double sided PUR% 3D ); German by Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann : trip to the islands of Tenerife, Trinidad, St. Thomas, St. Crux and Porto-Rico; undertaken on the orders of the French government, from September 30, 1796 to June 7, 1789, under the direction of Capitain Baudin. 2 volumes, Heinrich Büschler in Elberfeld , Leipzig 1811 (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F21691%23page%2F5%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F23198%23page%2F5%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
43. ^ Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 ; see. Michel Jangoux: L'expédition from Antilles de "La Belle Angélique" (1796-1798). In Michel Jangoux (ed.): Portés par l'air du temps, les voyages du capitaine Baudin ( Études sur le XVIIIe siècle  38), Éditions de l ' Université de Bruxelles , 2010, ISBN 978-2-8004-1486-7 ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdigistore.bib.ulb.ac.be%2F2015%2Fi9782800414867_f.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. 41-50; Jean Fornasiero, John West-Sooby: Voyages et déplacements des savoirs. Les expéditions de Nicolas Baudin entre Révolution et Empire. In: Annales historiques de la  Révolution française , 2016/3 (No. 385), pp. 23–45 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-annales-historiques-de-la-revolution-francaise-2016-3.htm~GB%3D~IA%3D~ MDZ% ​​3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), here: pp. 23–38.
44. ^ Nicolas Baudin: Journal du voyage aux Antilles de  La Belle Angélique (1796-1798). Edited by Michel Jangoux, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne / Académie royale de Belgique 2009, ISBN 978-2-84050-665-2 , pp. 397-401, 468.
45. ↑ Ulrich Päßler et al. (Ed.): Alexander von Humboldt to Karl Ludwig Willdenow , Aranjuez , April 20, 1799. In: edition humboldt digital, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , Berlin, version of May 27, 2019 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fedition-humboldt.de%2Fv4%2FH0001200~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
46. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent : Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d'Afrique (…) Avec l'histoire de la traversée du capitaine Baudin jusqu'au Port-Louis de l'Île Maurice. 1st volume, F. Buisson, Paris year 13 (1804), p. 3 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k104735c%2Ff18~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
47. ^ Jean Fornasiero, John West-Sooby: Voyages et déplacements des savoirs. Les expéditions de Nicolas Baudin entre Révolution et Empire. In: Annales historiques de la  Révolution française , 2016/3 (No. 385), pp. 23–46 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-annales-historiques-de-la-revolution-francaise-2016-3.htm~GB%3D~IA%3D~ MDZ% ​​3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), here: pp. 39–45.
48. ^ Riedle to Unknown, Île de France , April 20, 1801, in: La  Décade philosophique, littéraire et politique (Paris), February 19, 1802, p. 323 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k1258948f%2Ff330~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); see. Jacqueline Bonnemains et al. (Ed.): Mon voyage aux Terres Australes. Journal personnel du commandant Baudin. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-7433-0384-0 , p. 128 f.
49. ↑ Approx. 15 year old ransomed African American .
50. ^ To Henri Grégoire , King Island , December 7, 1802. In: La Décade philosophique, littéraire et politique (Paris), September 9, 1803, pp. 120 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k12589686%2Ff133~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
51. ↑ Jacqueline Bonnemains et al. (Ed.): Mon voyage aux Terres Australes. Journal personnel du commandant Baudin. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-7433-0384-0 , pp. 276, 284 f., 287, 307, 310 f.
52. ^ To Henri Grégoire, King Island, December 7, 1802. In: La Décade philosophique, littéraire et politique (Paris), September 9, 1803, pp. 120 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k12589686%2Ff133~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ). The inhabitants of the interior of the island, however, met strangers less peacefully.
53. ↑ Fig .: Jacqueline Bonnemains et al. (Ed.): Mon voyage aux Terres Australes. Journal personnel du commandant Baudin. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-7433-0384-0 , p. 392.
54. ↑ Jacqueline Bonnemains et al. (Ed.): Mon voyage aux Terres Australes. Journal personnel du commandant Baudin. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-7433-0384-0 , p. 379 f.
55. ^ Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel (Paris), May 22, 1804, p. 1200 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fgazette-nationale-ou-le-moniteur-universel%2F22-mai-1804%2F149%2F1331023%2F4~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
56. ↑ King Island, December 7, 1802. In: La Décade philosophique, littéraire et politique (Paris), September 9, 1803, pp. 120 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k12589686%2Ff133~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ). The King of Port Jackson, Bungaree (1775-1820), accompanied Matthew Flinders on his voyages of discovery.
57. ↑ Cf. François Péron et al .: Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (…) Historique, Volume 1, Imprimerie Impériale, Paris 1807, p. 324 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F95867%23page%2F348%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); 2nd, reviewed, corrected and augmented edition, 2nd volume, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1824 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DmNwNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3Axw_s8jzhHJkC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojbyp23%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypECXi%q%Q6f6ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%q%BH%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%q%BH%3Dfrontcover%26dqDepage 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D version), pp. 198–201; Matthew Flinders : A voyage to Terra Australis (…) prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802 and 1803 (…) Volume 1, G. & W. Nicol, London 1814, pp. 188–193 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F187447%23page%2F430%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
58. ^ Peace of Amiens , March 1802.
59. ↑ Since there was already war between France and England at that time, Le Naturaliste had to make an involuntary stop in Portsmouth .
60. ^ Sea Elephant Bay ( King Island ), December 23, 1802, translated from French. See Frank Murcott Bladen (Ed.): Historical Records of New South Wales , Volume 5, Charles Potter, Sidney 1897, pp. 826-830 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-380756710%2Fview%3FpartId%3Dnla.obj-381253715%23page%2Fn945%2Fmode%2F1up .~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
61. ↑ He died in the house of Alexandrine Genève de Saint-Jean widowed Kérivel (1762–1823), with whom he may have fallen in love in 1801 and whose family grave he is said to be in. He made his relative Louis Peltier (1740-1811) the executor and his brother Augustin inherited his nautical equipment.
62. ^ François Péron et al .: Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (…) Navigation et geographie, Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1815, pp. X – XVI ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96199%23page%2F14%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
63. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent: Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d'Afrique (…) Avec l'histoire de la traversée du capitaine Baudin jusqu'au Port-Louis de l'Île Maurice. 3 volumes (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k104735c%3Frk%3D42918%3B4~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k967873%3Frk%3D85837%3B2~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k96788f%3Frk%3D64378%3B0~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), plate volume ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k1047374%3Frk%3D21459%3B2~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), F. Buisson, Paris year 13 (1804).
64. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent: Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d'Afrique (…) Avec l'histoire de la traversée du capitaine Baudin jusqu'au Port-Louis de l'Île Maurice. 1. Volume, F. Buisson, Paris Jahr 13 (1804), pp. 6 f., 10, 182 f., 186-190 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k104735c%2Ff21~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
65. ^ Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel (Paris), November 16, 1806, p. 1381 (digitized version).
66. ^ Margaret Sankey: Writing and Rewriting the Baudin Scientific Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere, 1800-1804. In Jean Fornasiero, Colette Mrowa-Hopkins (ed.): Explorations and Encounters in French, University of Adelaide Press 2010, ISBN 978-0-9806723-2-9 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Fpress%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2F2019-04%2Fuap-explorations-ebook.pdf~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), pp. 103-134. here: p. 109.
67. ↑ Cf. François Péron et al .: Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (…) Historique, Volume 1, Imprimerie Impériale, Paris 1807, pp. 122 f., 167, 173 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F95867%23page%2F146%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); 2nd, reviewed, corrected and increased edition, 1st volume, Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1824 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DCtsNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~M% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D version), pp. 261–264, 332 f., 342.
68. ^ François Péron et al .: Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (…) Historique, 2 volumes (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F95867%23page%2F7%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96198%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Atlas , 2 parts (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96197%23page%2F7%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96196%23page%2F5%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Navigation et geographie ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96199%23page%2F7%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), Imprimerie Impériale or Royale, Paris 1807–1816, 2nd, reviewed, corrected and enlarged edition, Historique, 4 volumes (1:  digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DCtsNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~M% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DmNwNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3Axw_s8jzhHJkC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojbyp23%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypECXi%q%Q6f6ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%q%BH%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwja1ojdypE26%q%BH%3Dfrontcover%26dqDepage 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3:  digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DGNsNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26hl%3Dde%3Dfalse%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 4:  digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DIdsNAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ) ; Atlas ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DaXVdAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3Dde 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1824.
69. ↑ The Journal of Post Captain Nicolas Baudin, Commander-in-Chief of the Corvettes Géographe and Naturaliste (…) trans. Christine Cornell, Libraries Board of South Australia , Adelaide 1974, ISBN 0724300430 ; Jacqueline Bonnemains et al. (Ed.): Mon voyage aux Terres Australes. Journal personnel du commandant Baudin. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-7433-0384-0 .
70. ↑ Baudin's brother Augustin campaigned in vain for his release. Cf. Tugdual de Langlais: Augustin Baudin (1745 [lies: 1757] –1821), négociant français et capitaine de la marine marchande danoise ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghcaraibe.org%2Farticles%2F2015-art17.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. 2.
71. ^ Matthew Flinders : A voyage to Terra Australis (...) prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802 and 1803 (...) 2 volumes (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F187447%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F188245%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), Atlas ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F188490%23page%2F4%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), G. & W. Nicol, London 1814 .
72. ^ Carte générale de la  Nouvelle-Hollande (dated 1808). In François Péron et al .: Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (...) Atlas , Part 2, (Imprimerie Impériale,) Paris 1811, No. 1 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F96196%23page%2F11%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).