Guillaume-Marie-Anne Brune

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Marshal Brune
Contemporary representation of the marshal

Guillaume-Marie-Anne Brune (born March 13, 1763 in Brive-la-Gaillarde , Corrèze , † August 2, 1815 in Avignon murdered) was a Maréchal d'Empire .

Life

Brune, son of a royal lawyer, wanted to study law in Paris . When the revolution broke out in 1789 , he joined it. He became a member of the Club des Cordeliers and became friends with Danton . He temporarily became a member of the Paris National Guard , but then founded a small printing company in 1790, which he gave up a year later in favor of the military. After he had published several political pamphlets, he went to Belgium as civil commissioner in 1792 and in 1793 became adjutant general and colonel in the "Armée du Nord" (Northern Army), with which he fought the uprising in the Vendée .

Promoted to Général de brigade , he fought in the Battle of Hondschoote (September 8, 1793) under Jean-Nicolas Houchard , helped put down the royalist uprising of the sections in Paris in the Vendémiaire 1795 (October 5), commanded Italy in 1796 and 1797 under André Masséna , threw back the Austrians at Rivoli ( January 14th and 15th, 1797) and then received command of the Augereau division .

Marshal Brune

In 1798 he was commissioned to conquer the territory of the Swiss Confederation and solved the problem with a swift campaign. After arriving in Lausanne in February 1798 , he negotiated with Bern and at the same time prepared the attack. On March 6, he marched into Bern and had the Bern state treasure confiscated. On March 19, he proclaimed the Helvetic Republic , which lasted five years. From April 4 to July 27, 1798 he was in command of the Armée d'Italie .

Eviction of Holland in November 1799 by Russian and English troops : Etching by Johann Carl Bock from 1819 after Jean Duplessis-Bertaux

In 1799 he received supreme command in the Batavian Republic , defeated the Duke of York on September 19, 1799 at Bergen op Zoom , on October 6 at Beverwijk, and then forced him to surrender Alkmaar and evacuate Holland . After the 18th Brumaire , Brune was sent to the Vendée by Napoleon Bonaparte and ended the civil war there together with Gabriel de Hédouville .

In August 1800 he was appointed commander in chief of the Armée d'Italie (Italian Army) because Bonaparte had left for Paris. On December 25th, his troops attacked the Austrians under Bellegarde in the Battle of the Mincio and pushed them back to the Adige via the Mincio . In January 1801, crossing the Adige and Brenta , his troops occupied Vicenza and Rovereto . He then concluded an armistice with Count Bellegarde in Treviso on January 16, 1801 , which initiated the Peace of Lunéville . In 1802 he joined the State Council as President of the War Section and was sent to Constantinople as envoy between 1803 and 1805 . After his return, Napoleon appointed him Maréchal d'Empire along with other generals in 1804 .

Appointed governor general of the Hanseatic cities at the end of 1806 and entrusted with the command of the troops in Swedish Pomerania , he took Stralsund and Rügen by surrendering in 1807 . Through a meeting with King Gustav IV. Adolf of Sweden, who tried, albeit in vain, to persuade Louis XVIII. Taking sides, he aroused the suspicion of Napoleon, was recalled and remained without employment. In 1815 he rejoined Napoleon, was appointed peer and received the supreme command in Toulon , which he was supposed to maintain against the Bourbons for as long as possible .

When he wanted to go to Paris after Napoleon's second fall, he was murdered in Avignon on August 2, 1815 by royalist fanatics.

Awards

literature

"The Marshals of Napoleon" by Jürgen Sternberger Pro Business Verlag Berlin 2008 ISBN 978-3-86805-172-8

Web links

Commons : Guillaume-Marie-Anne Brune  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files