1763

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Calendar overview 1763
Friedrich II. Moves into Berlin on March 30th after the Peace of Hubertusburg and is celebrated by his subjects, etching, Johann Lorenz Rugendas
1763
Allegorical representation of the Hubertusburg Peace
The Seven Years' War ends with the Peace of Hubertusburg .
Eastern North America with the dividing line from the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the line from the Treaty of Fort Stanwix 1768
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 limited the settlement area in the British colonies in North America .
Pontiac calls for a fight against the British
Several Indian tribes rise in the Pontiac revolt against British colonial rule in North America.
1763 in other calendars
Armenian calendar 1211/12 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar 1755/56 (turn of the year 11/12 September)
Bengali solar calendar 1168/69 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar 2306/07 (southern Buddhism); 2305/06 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar 74th (75th) cycle

Year of the water sheep癸未 ( at the beginning of the year water horse 壬午)

Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) 1125/26 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea) 4096/97 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar 1141/42 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar 1176/77 (July 11-12)
Jewish calendar 5523/24 (September 7/8)
Coptic calendar 1479/80 (September 11-12)
Malayalam calendar 938/939
Seleucid era Babylon: 2073/74 (turn of the year April)

Syria: 2074/75 (turn of the year October)

Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) 1819/20 (turn of the year April)

In 1763 the Seven Years' War ended with the Peace of Paris and the Peace of Hubertusburg . The big loser in this war is France , which is losing almost all of its previous colonies, especially New France in North America. For Frederick the Great , however, the peace treaty was a triumph with which Prussia established itself as a new great power in Europe.

The Kingdom of Great Britain , which was also one of the winners of the war, quickly ran into problems in the North American colonies that France had taken over . An uprising broke out there under the chief Pontiac , which brought the new colonial empire to the brink of defeat. British King George III tries to restore peace with the Indians by restricting settlement, but the Royal Proclamation of 1763 is largely ignored by the English settlers.

In Eastern Europe ends with the death of August III. the personal union of Saxony-Poland . While an Interrex is being used in Poland-Lithuania until a new king is elected, August's son Friedrich Christian succeeds the throne in the Electorate of Saxony , who drives the rétablissement of the war-ravaged state developed by Thomas von Fritsch .

Events

Politics and world events

Seven Years War

1763 map showing the newly acquired British colonies in Florida

Great Britain / Portugal and France / Spain sign the Paris Peace on February 10th and end their acts of war during the Seven Years' War . The peace treaty grants Great Britain Florida , which was until then Spanish , which is divided into the colonies of East and West Florida . In return, Spain regained control of Cuba , which was under British control after the siege of Havana , and began there on November 4th on the instructions of King Carlos III. with the construction of the fortress San Carlos de La Cabaña . 4,000 Mexican slaves abducted from the Yucatán peninsula are used as construction workers.

France must cede Canada and the areas east of the Mississippi and around the Great Lakes to the British Crown. In addition, it must compensate Spain with its areas west of the Mississippi ( Louisiana ) for the loss of Florida. France also loses its African colony Senegambia and its Indian possessions with the exception of a few trading bases, including Pondicherry and Karikal .

Hubertusburg Castle in Saxony,
the place of the peace treaty

On February 15 signed Prussia , Elector of Saxony and Austria the treaty of hubertusburg with which the Seven Years' War is permanently discontinued. The peace treaty consists of two peace treaties: In the treaty between Prussia and Austria, Maria Theresa waives, for herself and her heirs, all territorial claims against Prussia for the areas ceded after the First Silesian War without compensation . The possession of Silesia and the County of Glatz is thus finally confirmed to Prussia. Frederick II, for his part, undertook to waive any compensation for losses during the war. In addition, in a secret supplementary agreement, he undertakes to give Maria Theresia's son Joseph his Brandenburg vote for the upcoming king's election. In the second treaty between Prussia and Electoral Saxony, the status quo before the war is restored.

Great Britain

Saxony / Poland

Friedrich Christian as elector

With the death of the Polish king August III. , who as Friedrich August II was also Elector of Saxony , the personal union of Saxony-Poland expires on October 5th . For Poland-Lithuania , Primate Władysław Aleksander Łubieński will act as Interrex until a new king is elected . August's son Friedrich Christian becomes Elector of Saxony. One of his first acts was the dismissal of the controversial Prime Minister Heinrich von Brühl . The Restoration Commission under Thomas von Fritsch , which has been meeting since the previous year, will present its final report on November 19 , with a plan on how the disrupted state finances of Saxony will be reorganized and the war-ravaged and plundered country should be given new impetus through economic reconstruction. The so-called rétablissement will be implemented consistently and successfully over the next few years.

Maria Antonia, Electress of Saxony

After only 74 days Government dies Friedrich Christian , however, already on December 17 to the smallpox . His underage son Friedrich August III will be his successor as Elector of Saxony . under the tutelage of his mother Maria Antonia von Bayern as regent and his uncle Franz Xaver as spa administrator. They continue the rétablissement of its predecessor.

Russia

Other events in Europe

Alvise Mocenigo IV.
Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim

Asia

Statue representing Gabriele Silang

British colonies in North America

Map of the fighting during the Pontiac Uprising
  • April 27 : Ottawa war chief Pontiac calls on several Algonquin tribes to fight the British after the British began to systematically build settlements and fortifications in their area following the Seven Years' War . The Indians receive vague pledges of support from French hunters and traders.
Area map of Fort Detroit 1763

South American colonies

Brazil 1763

economy

science and technology

Commemorative medal for the founding of the Palatinate Academy of Sciences, 1763
First description of the hermit

Culture

Culture
  • The first version of Carlo Goldoni's prose comedy Il Ventaglio ( The Fan ) premieres in Paris. Since she did not have the expected success in the foreign environment for various reasons, Goldoni revised her over the next two years.
  • The engraver John Spilsbury from England sticks map prints onto thin mahogany boards . He then saws them up and offers them as a "teaching aid to facilitate geography lessons". His product is the preliminary stage to the puzzle .

society

religion

Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim

Sports

The first known ice skating competition is held in the Fens of Cambridgeshire . Participants are two runners from the English nobility, the winner receives prize money of 10 guineas . The run is reported to be around 15 miles long and it will take the winner 46 minutes. The Fen Skating competitions developed from this and continued until around 1890 .

Historical maps and views

Thomas Bowles :
London, St. James Palace, Pall Mall etc.

Born

January to March

Bernadotte's birthplace in Pau
Adalbert Gyrowetz (1763-1850)

April to July

Joséphine de Beauharnais
(painting by François Gérard )

August to December

Exact date of birth unknown

Died

First half of the year

Pierre Carlet de Marivaux

Second half of the year

In the center of the picture is the sarcophagus of Isabella von Bourbon-Parma in the Capuchin crypt , below that of her daughter Christine , who died on November 22nd

Web links

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