Franz Xaver of Saxony
Franz Xaver Albert August Ludwig Benno of Saxony and Poland , Count of Lausitz (born August 25, 1730 in Dresden , † June 21, 1806 in Zabeltitz ); Prince of Saxony and Poland from the house of the Albertine Wettins and regent (administrator) of the Electorate of Saxony from 1763 to 1768.
family
He was the eighth child and fourth son of Friedrich August II. Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (as August III.), And the Austrian Archduchess Maria Josepha (daughter of Emperor Joseph I ) and thus grandson of Augustus the Strong . Since his first-born brothers had already died, he was in second place in the line of succession after his brother, the later Elector Friedrich Christian, until his son was born.
Life
After the death of his older brother, Elector Friedrich Christian , who had only ruled for 74 days, Prince Franz Xaver and his sister-in-law Maria Antonia , the elector's widow, took over the custodial reign of his underage nephew Friedrich August III. and carried on the Enlightenment reforms of his brother, also known as Rétablissement (Electoral Saxony) .
In October 1765, against the resistance of the elector's widow, as a result of the pact concluded between Prussia and Russia on April 11, 1764, Franz Xaver only made a formal renunciation of the Polish crown to King Stanislaus II August Poniatowski .
In the same year he founded the Bergakademie Freiberg .
The army reform introduced by Franz Xaver on the model of Prussia met with strong rejection from the estates, especially because of the high costs.
According to the regulations of the Golden Bull of 1356, the guardianship of the underage electoral prince ended when he reached the age of 18 in December 1768.
On March 9, 1765, Franz Xaver married the lady-in-waiting of his sister-in-law, Clara Maria Spinucci, who was made Countess of Lusatia in 1767. From 1769 Franz Xaver lived in France ( Comte de Lusace = Count of Lusatia ), which he left with the beginning of the French Revolution . After further years in Rome , after the death of his wife, he returned to Saxony and lived in seclusion at Zabeltitz Castle .
On September 30, 1759 he was by King Louis XV. appointed lieutenant-général des armées du roi .
progeny
With Clara Maria (also: Chiara) Spinucci (* August 30, 1741 - November 22, 1792) he had ten children:
- Ludwig Ruprecht Joseph Xavier (born March 27, 1766 in Dresden; † August 22, 1782 in Pont-sur-Seine in a duel)
- Clara Maria Augusta Beatrice (born March 27, 1766 in Dresden; † November 18, 1766 ibid)
- Joseph Xavier Karl Raphael Philipp Benno (born August 23, 1767 in Dresden, † June 25, 1802 in Teplitz), known as Chevalier de Saxe
- Elisabeth Ursula Anna Cordula Xaveria (born October 22, 1768 in Dresden; † May 3, 1844 ibid), called Mademoiselle de Saxe , ⚭ (November 8, 1787) Henri de Preissac, duc d'Esclignac de Fimarcon Lomagne, grandee of Spain ( 1763-1837)
- Maria Anna Violante Katharina Martha Xaveria (born October 20, 1770 in Siena, † December 24, 1845 in Rome) ⚭ (October 15, 1793) Principe Don Paluzzo Altieri, Principe di Oriolo
- Beatrix Marie Françoise Brigitte (born February 1, 1772 in Chaumot; † February 6, 1806 in Dresden) ⚭ (February 18, 1794) Don Raffaele Riario-Sforza, Marchese di Corleto
- Kunigunde Anna Helena Maria Josepha (born March 18, 1774 in Chaumot, † October 18, 1828 in Rome) ⚭ (1795) Marchese Don Giovanni Patrizi Naro Montoro
- Maria Christina Sabina (born December 30, 1775 in Pont-sur-Seine, † August 20, 1837 in Rome) ⚭ (March 24, 1796) Don Camillo Massimiliano Massimo, Principe di Arsoli. Her son was the Cardinal Franz Xaver Massimo (1806-1848).
- stillborn son (* / † December 22, 1777 in Pont-sur-Seine)
- Cecilie Marie Adelaide Augustine (born December 17, 1779 in Pont-sur-Seine, † June 24, 1781 ibid)
ancestors
literature
- Bernhard von Poten : Xaver . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 44, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 578-580.
- Uwe Fiedler (ed.): The Prince's Society. Prince Xaver of Saxony and his time, Chemnitz 2009.
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Friedrich Christian (as elector) |
Spa administrator of Saxony 1763–1768 |
Friedrich August III. (as elector) |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Franz Xaver of Saxony |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Franz Xaver Albert August Ludwig Benno of Saxony, Count of Lusatia |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince of Saxony and Poland |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 25, 1730 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dresden |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 21, 1806 |
| Place of death | Zabeltitz |