Lieutenant-général (France)
The lieutenant-général was a title in the France of the Ancien Régime . It was led by several senior officers.
In general, this title was conferred by the king on those persons whom he considered to be his deputies in certain functions.
The rank of lieutenant-général does not exist in the French military , or it only existed temporarily in the past. He currently has the rank of Général de corps d'armée (created on March 17, 1921) .
Lieutenant-General de Province
The lieutenant-général de province was usually a person of the high nobility who represented the king in a royal province. His role should be to support the governor, which was purely theoretical.
This post was created by the king only so that the two gentlemen should neutralize each other in order to prevent a possible attempt at rebellion against him.
Created in the 17th century, the post had become a pure, well-paid honorary position by the end of the 18th century. The owner of the title resided at court and contented himself with taking in the income instead of struggling with real work. What is more, the kings began to pass on the posts of the fathers to the sons, which is why the lieutenant-général de province became a kind of inheritance in the affected noble families.
Not to be confused with the lieutenant-général is the lieutenant du roi . The latter was subordinate to the lieutenant-général and entrusted with similar tasks - he represented the king in the provinces, but was far less respected.
Lieutenant-général de bailliage
The Lieutenant-général de bailliage or sénéchaussée was appointed to advise the bailli or sénéchal on legal issues.
Lieutenant-general de police
The title of Lieutenant-général de police was established in Paris in 1667, he was charged with prosecuting. In the course of 1699 a lieutenant-général de police was established in the other larger cities of France .
Lieutenant-general du royaume
The title of Lieutenant-général du royaume (Lieutenant General of the Kingdom) was only temporarily granted by the King. In the event of a crisis, he should be able to represent the king as a high-ranking personality with a respected name and sufficient authority.
The following were entrusted with the title:
- Charles V from 1356 to 1358 - while his father Jean II was imprisoned in England.
- Le dauphin Charles , appointed in 1417 at the age of 14, since his father, Charles VI. was insane.
- Charles de Melun , Grand maître de France also Connétable de France , who was beheaded on August 20, 1468 in Petit-Andely .
- the Duc de Guise in 1558 and 1560.
- the Duc d'Anjou 1567.
- of Charles II. de Lorraine, duc de Mayenne 1589th
- the Cardinal-duc de Richelieu 1629.
- Emmanuel Duke of Croÿ 1759.
- the comte d'Artois 1814,
- the Duc d'Orléans on July 31, 1830.
Lieutenant-général des armées
The Lieutenant-général des armées or Lieutenant-général des armées navales (also Lieutenant-général des armées du Roi or Lieutenant-général des armées navales du Roi ) for the Navy, was a higher title in the military hierarchy of the Ancien Régime and for commoners unavailable. Above him was only the maréchal de France and the colonel général of the respective armed forces in the army, as well as the amiral de France and the vice-amiral de France in the navy. It was a pure title and was not a military rank. It only serves to secure a lucrative income for its owner.
Overview
- Claude François Bidal, 1st marquis d'Asfeld
- Jacques Bazin de Bezons, marquis de Bezons
- Ferdinand de La Baume
- Nicolas Auguste de La Baume
- Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie
- Charles-Juste de Beauvau
- Jacques de Castelnau-Bochetel
- Antoine Ricouart d'Hérouville
- François Louis de Bourbon, prince de Conti
During and after the revolution
On February 25, 1793, the lieutenant-général was converted to a military position. It concerned a general de division in his capacity as commander of an army corps. From King Louis XVIII. abolished on March 16, 1814, it was reintroduced by Napoleon during the reign of the Hundred Days and lasted until February 28, 1848. The rank of Général de corps d'armée was then introduced for the commander of an army corps .
literature
- Pierer's Universal-Lexikon , Volume 11. Altenburg 1860.
- Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais : Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la noblesse de France Paris, 1816.
- Abel Hugo : France militaire, Histoire des armées françaises de terre et de mer, de 1792 à 1837 , H.-L. Delloye, Paris 1838 - [1]