Zabeltitz

Zabeltitz Large district town of Großenhain
	Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 12 " N , 13 ° 29 ′ 57" E
Height :	106 m
Area :	52.81 km²
Residents :	1037 (Jan. 1, 2010)
Population density :	20 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	January 1, 2010
Postal code :	01561
Area code :	03522
Location of Zabeltitz in Saxony
	Palais Zabeltitz

Zabeltitz is a district of the Saxon town of Großenhain on the northern border of the district of Meißen , Saxony .

geography

Climate diagram of Zabeltitz

Geographical location and natural space

Zabeltitz is located about 9 kilometers from Grossenhain on the Grosse Röder in Grossenhainer Pflege . The B 101 affects the place. At the eastern entrance to the town there is a stop on the Berlin – Dresden railway line .

The surrounding area of Zabeltitz is shaped by the wetland landscape of the Röderaue. Originally a swampy landscape, the area is now dominated by extensive hardwood forests (alder, elm, oak, beech). In the Elligast lowlands between Nasseböhla and Zabeltitz, a large complex of closely interlinked wet meadows and fens has been preserved, which represents a high-quality habitat for numerous endangered animal and plant species and will soon be designated as a nature reserve.

In the past, rock crystals , the so-called Zabeltitz pebbles or Zabeltitz diamonds , were found near Zabeltitz .

climate

With its humid climate, Zabeltitz is located in the cool, temperate climate zone , but a transition to the continental climate is noticeable. The nearest weather stations are to the north in Doberlug-Kirchhain , west of the town in Torgau and south in Oschatz and Dresden .

history

Interpretation of the place name

The offices of Hayn and Zabeltitz around 1752

The name Zablatwiz comes from Old Sorbian and means something like 'behind the swamps'.

Development of the place name

1207: Zablatwitz
1210: Zabulotiz
1288: Zabeltiz
1350: Zcabilticz
1381: Zcabilwicz
1396: Sabelticz
1437: Czobelticz
1540: Zabeltitz

Local history

Old Castle Zabeltitz 2007

Zabeltitz was first mentioned in 1207 as Zablatwiz . In the Middle Ages there was a moated castle that protected the old salt road on which Zabeltitz was located. Until the end of the 14th century, Zabeltitz was owned by the von Zobeltitz family . In 1588 the Saxon elector Christian I bought the estate. At that time there existed (at the location of today's palace on Röder Island) the moated castle, which was converted by Nickel Pflugk in 1565 into a residential palace (in the Renaissance style ). The elector built what is now known as the Old Palace as an electoral stable building and to accommodate guests and entourage. During the Thirty Years War Zabeltitz was plundered and devastated by the Swedes in 1637.

In 1728 August the Strong donated the estate to his minister August Christoph von Wackerbarth , who built today's palace on the site of the Pflugk Renaissance castle in the years 1728–1730 and laid out a baroque park.

In 1808 the place was devastated by a major fire. From 1875 there was an economic upturn due to the railway connection . The chamberlain Arnhold von Frege-Weltzin bought the Zabeltitz estate at the end of the 19th century. In 1912, Saxony's last king, Friedrich August III. , Zabeltitz. The then mayor Hirschnitz had an audience with the king before this visit and when he asked where “Zabeltitz” was, Hirschnitz replied: “What, you don't know? That's the crown of Germany! ".

On January 1, 1994, the previously independent municipalities Zabeltitz-Treugeböhla, Görzig, Nasseböhla (with Stroga), Skäßchen (with Krauschütz, Skaup and Uebigau) and Strauch merged to form the municipality of Zabeltitz. As such, it existed until December 31, 2009. In a referendum on June 7, 2009, 81.22 percent of the Zabeltitz voters decided to be incorporated into Grossenhain. This was completed on January 1, 2010.

Since 2012, Zabeltitz has been the model site of the “Big Emma” model project to ensure sustainable supply in the village area, implemented under the concept of the East German Savings Bank Association (OSV) and in cooperation with the Sparkasse Meißen. This is a further development of the neighborhood corner shop as a local supply and communication center. The basic idea is to allow local service providers to use rooms and parts of the equipment flexibly on site. This enables everyone involved to reduce operating costs and at the same time increase customer frequency.

Culture and sights

Buildings and parks

Electoral stable building in the Renaissance style (called Old Castle )

Electoral stable building, called "Old Castle"

Elector Christian I. took over the Zabeltitz manor in 1588 for 80,000 guilders. His special passion was hunting. The old moated castle on Röderinsel has been refurbished; However, it was too small for splendid electoral hunts and their entourage. A new, larger building had to be created to accommodate the guests and servants, with stables for the horses and utility rooms. The construction of the electoral stable building in the Saxon Renaissance style began in 1588 under the supervision of Oberzeugmeister Paul Buchner , known for his Dresden buildings ( armory , stable yard , third Gewandhaus ). In 1591, 1 stonemason, 26 masons, 29 carpenters, 1 bricklayer and 4 manual workers were constantly employed during the construction. In addition, 128 handlers and 24 pond servants worked. 34 wagons brought building materials. The nearby Röderwald supplied kindling, and the subjects (farmers) had to cut it. Bricks were obtained from Großenhain and lime from Dresden. A moat was built around the entire palace complex based on the Dutch model. Already in the summer of 1591 work began on the interior design of the stable building. Heinrich Göding , Christoph Grohmann and Hans Fasolt painted the walls and vaults with hunting pictures, according to Zabeltitz's designation as a hunting seat.

The elector died in autumn 1591. The subsequent administrator, Friedrich Wilhelm, had construction stopped immediately. It was only with great effort that Paul Buchner succeeded in ensuring that at least the half-finished buildings were covered and protected against the weather. Christian I's widow, Sophie, had no funds for major construction work at her Wittumssitz Zabeltitz. Only the young Elector Christian II completed his father's plans in 1598. Almost every year Christian II held a hunting camp with his brothers in Zabeltitz.

In the centuries that followed, the old castle and the palace (see below) belonged to the respective owners of the manor. In 1949 the first rural outpatient clinic moved into the old castle. After the socialist years in public ownership , first the community Zabeltitz, now the city of Großenhain, was the owner. Today it houses medical practices (general medicine, maxillofacial surgery, dentistry), apartments, offices, and a larger conference and event room (formerly known as the cultural room).

Elector Christian I (1560–1591)
Elector Christian II (1583–1611)
"Old castle"
View from the "Palais" to the "Old Castle"
View from the "Old Castle" to the "Palais"

Baroque Zabeltitz Castle (popularly called Palais )

Palais Zabeltitz , facade facing the courtyard with access bridge over the Röder

Count August Christoph von Wackerbarth

In the Middle Ages, a moated castle with a moat to protect the old salt road was located on the site of today's palace . In 1565/66 Nickel Pflugk had the old fortified moated castle converted into a residential palace in the Renaissance style. In addition to new farm buildings, he also had today's St. Georgen Church rebuilt. Due to the extensive construction work, the property was heavily in debt and was therefore sold by the heirs to Elector Christian I of Saxony after the death of Nickel Pflugk and his wife Elisabeth in 1588 . That is why the residential palace, built by Nickel Pflugk just a few years earlier, was refurbished as a hunting lodge.

In the Thirty Years War Zabeltitz was plundered and devastated by the Swedes passing through in 1637. After some repairs were carried out on the dilapidated buildings in Zabeltitz in 1655, Johann Georg II again held hunting camps in Zabeltitz in 1657 and 1659. From 1699 the manor was leased. However, the castle was reserved for the electors. Later it belonged to the Wittum of the widowed Electress Anna Sophie (mother of Augustus the Strong ), but who lived at Lichtenburg Castle until she died in 1717. Since the tenants often did not pay the fixed rent and in 1727 five villages were unable to raise taxes due to a bad harvest, August the Strong tried to get rid of the unprofitable property as quickly as possible. August had already promised his loyal companion, Field Marshal Count August Christoph von Wackerbarth , a manor in 1717 . Now the opportunity arose to give Zabeltitz away as the planned exchange of Zabeltitz for Pillnitz with Countess Cosel had already failed due to her refusal. On February 16, 1728, Count von Wackerbarth received the Zabeltitz manor in exchange for two Dresden houses with furniture, which the king had given him at short notice, as the month before Wackerbarth's Dresden official residence, the governorate , had burned down to the foundations.

Almost the entire manorial property has now been quickly redesigned under the new owner. Wackerbarth rebuilt the palace on the island (the "Palais") from scratch and laid out a magnificent baroque garden - as he had created the Großsedlitz baroque garden between 1719 and 1723 . All construction work had to be largely completed within only two years, because in 1730 a major maneuver by the Saxon troops, the so-called Zeithainer Lustlager, took place under the leadership of Field Marshal Wackerbarth, where the new property was to be presented to the distinguished guests. These construction measures were carried out under the direction of Johann Christoph Knöffel , who at the time was the chief master builder in Saxony and had been supported by general construction manager Wackerbarth for several years. The numerous surviving plans show that Wackerbarth originally wanted to enlarge the palace. Whether for lack of money or time constraints, the newly built baroque palace was ultimately built on the foundations of the old palace and thus retained almost the same floor plan as its predecessor. The old farm buildings from the time of Christian I, built at the end of the 16th century, were also demolished, with the exception of the electoral stable building. In its place a new driveway to the palace was created, the beginning of which was emphasized by two gate pillars and “gate houses”.

Palais Zabeltitz , park side

After the old Wackerbarth died in 1734 and was buried in the St. Georgenkirche in Zabeltitz, the boy , i.e. his stepson and adopted son Count Joseph Anton Gabaleon von Wackerbarth-Salmour , inherited all of his possessions. While he was using Schloss Wackerbarth 's Ruh in Radebeul himself, he sold what is now the Kurländer Palais - built by his father in place of the burned down Dresden governorate house - and gave Zabeltitz to his nephew Giuseppe Antonio Gabaleone, Conte di Salmour , who grew up in Piedmont , for his wedding to Countess Helena Isabella Lubieńska; after his immediate death in 1759, the Countess Salmour administered it for her children; she lived in Prague as a lady-in-waiting to a sister of Emperor Joseph II , who himself visited Zabeltitz on a trip. She was considered quite pious and morally strict: Giacomo Casanova (1725–1798) complained in his memoir “ Histoire de ma vie ” that she had ensured that he was expelled from Vienna. At the request of Prince Xaver of Saxony , the temporary regent of the electorate, she sold the property back to the Wettins in 1768; for this she acquired the goods Schloss Kittlitz and Schloss Unwürde near Löbau. Prince Xaver lived in the Palais zu Zabeltitz until his death in 1806.

Then the owners changed. In 1816 the chamberlain Friedrich Freiherr von Weissenbach acquired Zabeltitz. In 1889 it went to the Chamberlain Arnold Woldemar Freiherr von Frege-Weltzin , who saved the property from impending decline. He renewed the church in 1897 and had various alterations made to the palace in 1898; the coat of arms above the courtyard portal is a reminder of him, while the gable facing the park is decorated with the Wackerbarth coat of arms. In the 19th century, the moat leading around the palace was also partially filled. Up until this point in time, the Große Röder enclosed the entire palace, after which it only flowed along the front side of the palace. In 1932 the estate was divided, the Jay family got the palace and the councilor Paul Habich got the old castle. In 1945 the owner families were expropriated.

After 1945 the palace temporarily served as accommodation for resettlers and as a children's home for Greek children. From 1955, the building was used as a training facility (Institute for Socialist Training in Transport). A fundamental reconstruction took place after 1989 by the new owner, Deutsche Bahn. It used it as a training facility. The city of Großenhain bought the palace and baroque garden in December 2010. The symbolic handover of the keys took place on April 15, 2011. Today it houses the registry office, tourist office (Zabeltitz information) with a permanent exhibition and a small restaurant. The Großenhain City Council meets occasionally in the premises.

Zabeltitz baroque garden

Mirror pond in the baroque garden Zabeltitz

August Christoph von Wackerbarth laid out the baroque garden in Zabeltitz in 1728 , similar to the baroque garden in Großsedlitz a few years earlier , based on the model of the park of Versailles Palace . For the planning and execution of the garden in Zabeltitz, he brought in Johann Christoph Knöffel , who also implemented baroque design elements from his teacher Zacharias Longuelune .

The center of the complex is the palace. From the terrace the view leads over the ground floor, the mirror and bottle pond into the open landscape. To the right and left of the mirror pond, a lime tree avenue and hornbeam hedge form a visual accompaniment to the end of the garden. The arrangement of the water basins, paths and lawns as well as the hedges and trees make the strict regularity of the baroque design visible in the middle section. The design of the island pond with island and pavilion date back to around 1800 and, including the "Wilderness" part of the park, correspond to English gardening.

The sculptures were created by various artists between 1730 and 1800, the most famous group of figures "The Giant Children" being said to have been created in Balthasar Permoser's workshop . In the recent past, the work in the baroque garden has concentrated on the reconstruction of various parts of the garden.

St. Georgen Church

St. Georgen Church in Zabeltitz

A wooden village church already existed in 1495. The construction of today's church goes back to Nickel Pflugk . It was built in 1580/81 in place of the old wooden church in the late Gothic style, but already influenced by the Renaissance. The late Gothic village church of St. Georgen is the oldest surviving structure in Zabeltitz, as it survived all wars and the major fire of 1808 almost unscathed. Nickel Pflugk died during the construction on October 4, 1580. His wife Elisabeth, née von Schönberg auf Purschenstein, had the building completed. Due to the brisk construction activity, the property under Nickel Pflugk was heavily in debt. 1588 his son Caspar Pflugk had to Gauernitz due to the high debt the manor Zabeltitz to the Elector Christian I of Saxony for sale.

The builders of the church, Nickel and Elisabeth Pflugk, were buried in the church together with six other relatives. August Christoph Reichsgraf von Wackerbarth , who was important for the history of Zabeltitz , was also buried in the village church in 1734, but without a tomb. The crypt is no longer accessible today. The church tower was rebuilt in 1735 and given its present form. In the vault of the choir there are two keystones on which the coats of arms of the Pflugk and von Schönberg families can be seen. The tomb ( epitaph ) of the builder has served as an altar since 1839 . The altar has a sermon-like structure and shows the institution of Holy Communion , the crucifixion of Jesus , the resurrection of Jesus and the Trinity of God in sandstone . Next to the altar are the tombstones of the builders of the church. The original altar from 1581 came after 1945 via a few detours from the Palais von Zabeltitz to the Johannes Church in Hoyerswerda . The church was richly decorated with works of Renaissance art . Today's altar and baptismal font are works from the workshop of the Dresden sculptor Christoph Walther II. The carved wooden pulpit shows the representative of the old covenant , Moses with the tablets of the law and, for the new covenant, the four evangelists with their associated symbols. It is remarkable and probably unique that the tables of the law of Moses contain 11 commandments.

The organ was installed in 1897 by the Kreuzbach company from Borna . It was completely overhauled in the 1990s. The exterior renovation of the church took place for the 400th anniversary in 1981, the interior renovation in the years after 1990. The interior gives a harmonious overall impression with its friendly brightness and cohesion and conveys a feeling of security.

The large and middle bells from the 16th and 18th centuries were taken from the tower during the First World War, smashed and probably melted down. The little bell was sold in 1922 when the church received its current peal. The chime, a work by the Bochum cast steel factory, includes three bells, each with a saying. They weigh 1165.5 kg, 682.5 kg and 442 kg.

Museums

Zabeltitz minstrel train

Zabeltitz Farm Museum

Zabeltitz stop

The Zabeltitz Farm Museum is located in a typical three-sided farm in the old village center. The farm, built in 1810, was managed until 1979. After renovation and renovation, the "Agriculture" department of the Grossenhain District Museum moved in. Since 2010, the Zabeltitz Farm Museum has belonged to the area of responsibility of the Old Latin School Museum in the city of Großenhain. The farmer's museum is the only open-air museum of its kind that has a permanent place in the region. It makes the traditional life of the rural Grossenhainer care tangible. The main house and pull-out house, “living room”, servants' chamber, kitchen, stable and economic areas are furnished with numerous original household items and rural work equipment from the period between 1920 and 1980. Selected machines such as wind sweeps or potato sorters can be tried out for yourself under supervision. Various types of fruit and vegetables grow in the farm garden, and the small animal population includes several chickens and a colony of bees. The farmer's museum offers a special program for school classes from April to October. The highlight of the year is the season opening on May 1st with up to 1000 visitors.

music

Zabeltitz church choir
Chorgemeinschaft Zabeltitz eV
Spielmannszug Zabeltitz, 13-time Saxon national champion of the Spielmannszug
Drum show "Hauptpunkt2",

Regular events

March: Zabeltitz Spring Awakening with a demonstration of Sorbian Easter eggs
May 1st: Season opening of the farmer's museum with a fresh produce and handicraft market
June: Park and Shooting Festival
August: village festival
September: Hubertusfest, day of the open monument
October: wedding fair and end of season in the farmer's museum
December: Palais Christmas

Sports

SSV Zabeltitz Treugeböhla eV with handball, volleyball, pop gymnastics, general, sports group and marching band
Soccer club Zabeltitz eV
Kneipp club Riesa-Großenhain eV

Personalities

Johann Georg Rachalß (1630–1671), forester
August Christoph von Wackerbarth (1662–1734), Field Marshal General and Minister of State, buried in St. Georgen Church
Franz Xaver of Saxony (1730–1806), prince, last lived at Zabeltitz Castle
Carl Adolph Terscheck (1782–1869), botanist, received his training from 1797–1800 in the Zabeltitz palace garden
Karl Andreas Geyer (1809-1853), botanist
Rudolf von Leuthold (1832–1905), medical officer and university professor

literature

Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach: The Schraden. A regional study in the Elsterwerda, Lauchhammer, Hirschfeld and Ortrand area . Ed .: Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Böhlau, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-412-10900-2 .
Hans-Jürgen Hardtke, Manfred Ranft: The Röderwald near Zabeltitz, a planned nature reserve . In: Messages from the Saxon Homeland Security Association . No. 1 , 1995, p. 47-52 .
Kathrin Franz: The Zabeltitz palace garden - an outstanding testimony to Saxon garden art . In: Messages from the Saxon Homeland Security Association . No. 1 , 2014, p. 6-16 .
Cornelius Gurlitt : Zabeltitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 37. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Grossenhain (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1914, p. 473.