Skäßchen

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Skäßchen
Large district town of Großenhain
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 20 ″  N , 13 ° 35 ′ 5 ″  E
Height : 119 m above sea level NHN
Area : 4.55 km²
Residents : 169  (May 2014)
Population density : 37 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : March 1, 1994
Incorporated into: Zabeltitz
Postal code : 01561
Area code : 03522
Skäßchen (Saxony)
Skäßchen

Location of Skäßchen in Saxony

Skäßchen is a district of the Saxon town of Großenhain in the district of Meißen . The parish village , first mentioned in a document in 1322, formed the center of a small community before it was incorporated into Zabeltitz in 1994 , which in turn was incorporated into the city of Großenhain in 2010.

geography

The roadside village Skäßchen is about 7 km northeast of the Großenhain city center not far from the Saxon- Brandenburg border on the county road K 8511 in Grossenhain care . The settlement area is located on the southern bank of the Elligast along the northern edge of a Cold Age ground moraine . The desolate village of Horst was in the south-eastern part of the district . The eyrie ditch that drains into the Elligast is a reminder of this today.

The closest neighboring places are Krauschütz in the northeast, Uebigau in the west and Skaup in the southwest, which belonged to the municipality from 1960 to 1994. In the extended area are Strauch and the Hermsdorf desert in the north, Oelsnitz and Niegeroda in the northeast, Brockwitz in the southeast, Adelsdorf in the south, the Pickwitz , Nasseböhla and Stroga desert in the west.

history

Prehistory and early history

Prehistoric and early historical finds were made in the district of Skäßchen at various times . When plowing south of the village on the border with the Adelsdorf district, cremation graves with stone settings were found in 1932 , which can be assigned to the younger Late Bronze Age .

A denarius from the time of the Roman Emperor Vespasian (69–79 AD), whose exact location is unknown, suggests that this region was already permanently settled during the Roman Empire .

In 1960 search cuts were made west of the location in the floodplain of the Elligast, the moat of a moated castle and ceramics from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century.

Local history

The first known documentary mention of Skäßchen was in 1322 as Sc (h) assowchin . The diminutive form (= small treasury) already in existence at this time suggests that it is a settlement of residents from the village of Skassa west of Großenhain , which was mentioned before 1190 as Zcassowe and in 1205 and 1261 as Sc (h) assowe . In Skäßchen there was no outwork from which a manor could have developed, but there was a saddle yard . This was mentioned in 1368 when the village was sold to the Meißner cathedral chapter . The size of the village was put at 40 hooves in 1380 , of which 17 were field hooves and 23 were wooden hooves. The village of zcu deme Horste , which was already desolate in 1380 , had 9 hooves, all of which were worked by farmers from Skäßchen. Later the village was subordinate to the authority of Großenhain as an official village .

A path chapel on the outskirts was destroyed in 1429 during the Hussite Wars . Shortly afterwards, the consecrated earth is said to have been brought from its place to the village and a new church was built on it, which is why it is on a hill.

Detail of a map around 1840 with the Dutch windmill near Skäßgen

A watermill on the Elligast was mentioned as early as 1380; it was still equipped with a grinder in the 18th century . As part of the regulation of the course of the Elligast creek from 1928, the water rights were bought from the water miller and the pond was converted into garden land. In the early 19th century there was also a Dutch windmill south of the village ; it was partly demolished in 1927 and completely demolished during the Second World War.

In the last weeks of World War II, Skäßchen was fought over several times from April 24 to May 5, 1945. On their return, the residents found a destroyed and looted village. The population increased by half as a result of the admission of displaced persons .

Control of grains during threshing of winter barley by the cooperative association Skäßchen (July 1970)

The land reform in January 1946 was followed by the establishment of the first agricultural production cooperative (LPG) in Skäßchen in 1953, which was followed by two more in 1960 during the inevitable “socialist spring”. In the seventies as well as in 1980 there were several LPG mergers and associated specializations in the region. As a result, the existing dairy cattle facility south of the Skäßchen location was expanded to 690 places in 1977. After the fall of the Wall, the Skäßchen agricultural cooperative emerged from the LPG “Free Life” Skäßchen .

A school in Skäßchen for the villages of Kirchfahrt already existed around 1540. The school buildings that were built over the centuries and expanded several times were replaced in 1983 by a new building for the single, 10-class polytechnic high school . Due to the decline in the birth rate and school closings in the nineties, Skäßchen also lost its primary and secondary school location . The “ Johanne Nathusius ” special needs school for the mentally handicapped, run by the Diakonie Großenhain, moved into the building .

On January 1, 1994, in the district of Großenhain, the previously independent municipalities of Görzig , Nasseböhla (with Stroga ), Skäßchen (with Krauschütz , Skaup and Uebigau ), Strauch and Zabeltitz-Treugeböhla merged to form the municipality of Zabeltitz . As a result of the district reform in the same year, the district became part of the new Riesa-Großenhain district , which was added to the Meißen district 14 years later . After a referendum in June 2009, in which 81% of the voters voted in favor, the municipality of Zabeltitz was incorporated into Großenhain on January 1, 2010.

Population development

year Residents
1834 161
1871 193
1890 205
1910 197
1925 219
1939 204
1946 317
1950 302
1964 703
1990 632
2014 169
in italics: Skäßchen municipality
and its districts.

In 1551 there were 15 possessed men and 8  residents in Skäßchen  . Around two centuries later, the number of farms in 1764, one year after the end of the Seven Years' War , was 20 owned men and 3  cottages .

From the first same population survey in 1834 to the Second World War, the population was around 200, with the statistical minimum at 161 in 1834 and the maximum at 219 in 1925. In the first post-war years the population was one and a half times as large as 1949 There were 30 displaced families with a total of 113 people.

As a result of the incorporation of the towns of Krauschütz, Skaup and Uebigau, decided on July 1, 1959, to January 1, 1960, the population of the municipality rose to over 700, but fell by around 10% in the following three decades.

Since the incorporation, there are no more official population figures for Skäßchen. With 169 registered main residences (2014), the population is below the pre-war level.

Place name

Documented spellings of the place name include Scassowchin and Schassowchin (1322), Schessouchin (1380), Schassowchin (1406), Skeßigen (1477), Tscheßgen (1530), Schkesgenn (1540), Schkeschen (1555), Skäßgen (around 1840) and Skäßchen (1875).

The name is an obvious derivation of the place name of Skassa , which is about 12 kilometers southwest. Its place name is set to the reconstructed Old Sorbian basic form * Skašov- or * Skasov- , which could have arisen from a personal name and thus means "place of a Skaš [or Skas]". The derivation of the place name Skäßchen took place with the German diminutive suffix -chen , which resulted in the formation of the umlaut ä .

Buildings

Residential development

The townscape is characterized by several typical three-sided courtyards along the Alte Hauptstrasse. On courtyard no. 19 there is a half-timbered house with a horizontal roof that was built around 1800 .

At the old main road 8 was a stately, under monument protection standing stone house with the inscription 1878 , which among other acroteria as acanthus had. After it had already been vacant in 2004 and could not find a buyer, a demolition permit was granted and the Dresden State Office approved funding of almost 72,000 euros for the demolition in 2010.

church

The Skäßchen church on the village green, standing on a hill, is visible from afar in the rather flat landscape. A small church cemetery surrounds them.

The old church, demolished in 1903 because of dilapidation, was a chapel dedicated to St. Fabian in the pre-Reformation period . Its dilapidated church tower was demolished in 1670 and then rebuilt. In 1716 the church roof was removed and the wall increased by 1½  cubits . When the construction work was completed, the church received a new organ in 1717. The church was repaired in 1834.

The upper church trip formed the places Oelsnitz, Niegeroda and Krauschütz , the lower church trip comprised the places Skäßchen, Uebigau , Skaup and Weißig am Raschütz .

The new church was built in 1904 on the same site by the Leipzig architect Paul Lange . Some monuments and a late Gothic door from the end of the 15th century have been preserved from the old church.

After the political change in East Germany, extensive renovation work was carried out up to 1996, during which, in addition to interior renovation and some facade work, the organ was overhauled and new glazing was carried out.

The church belongs with the churches of Oelsnitz and Strauch to the parish area of ​​Skäßchen in the church district of Großenhain of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church of Saxony .

Personalities

Heinrich August Manitius (1804-1883) was born in Skäßchen. He had been a teacher since 1838 and private teacher at the Dresden Kreuzschule since 1844.

Sources and further references

literature

Footnotes and individual references

  1. ↑ a b c d Skäßchen. (No longer available online.) City of Großenhain, archived from the original on July 31, 2014 ; accessed on August 2, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grossenhain.de
  2. ↑ a b c Skäßchen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  3. ↑ Skassa in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  4. ^ Horst in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  5. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  6. ^ Thomas Koitzsch: Incorporation to Grossenhain. December 16, 2009, accessed August 2, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Information for 14 0 31 430 Skäßchen municipality. In: Regional Register Saxony. State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , accessed on August 2, 2014 .
  8. ^ Grossenhainer care (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 70). 1st edition. Böhlau, Köln / Weimar / Wien 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-09706-6 , p. 86 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  9. ^ Grossenhainer care (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 70). 1st edition. Böhlau, Köln / Weimar / Wien 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-09706-6 , p. 87 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  10. ↑ Skäßchen is relieved of eyesore. June 10, 2010, accessed on August 2, 2014 (press release from the Dresden Regional Office ).
  11. ↑ Cornelius Gurlitt : Skäßchen. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 37. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Grossenhain (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1914, pp. 378-382.

Web links

Commons : Skäßchen  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Skäßchen on the website of the city of Grossenhain