Zacharias Longuelune
Zacharias Longuelune (* 1669 in Paris ; † November 30, 1748 in Dresden ) was a French architect and architectural draftsman. His work can be assigned to the classicist baroque .
Life
Zacharias Longuelune initially trained as a painter and then studied architecture with Antoine Le Pautre in Paris. In 1696 he entered Prussian service and worked as a construction manager for Jean de Bodt in Berlin and Potsdam. In 1710 Longuelune went on a study trip to Italy on the orders of Frederick I , but was dismissed by his successor Friedrich Wilhelm I in 1713.
In the same year he moved to the Saxon court in Dresden. Elector Friedrich August I. , from 1697 also King of Poland (Augustus the Strong), appointed him court architect and in 1731, alongside Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann , chief master builder . In 1732, Johann Christoph Knöffel was added as the third master builder. The three are considered to be the designers of the Dresden Baroque .
While Pöppelmann was the representative of the lively high baroque - influenced by Italy and conveyed via Vienna and Prague - as he realized it in the Zwinger , among others , Longuelune introduced the French classicist baroque in Dresden from 1713 . Knöffel, who already belonged to the next generation, developed this more reserved, French classicism-oriented view of Longuelune and founded the Saxon Rococo .
In the construction department, several architects were always commissioned separately with drafts and then usually not one was selected, but different form elements of the individual drafts were compiled together, which the king himself and the general construction director, Count Wackerbarth, often participated in. This "collegial" process led to the synthesis of many style influences.
On behalf of the king, Pöppelmann and Longuelune worked in the Royal Building Office in the Warsaw Residence from 1728 and probably together on the designs for the Saxon Palace , which was part of the so-called Saxon Axis in Warsaw. In addition, the design of a no longer preserved salon in the Saxon Garden, which also belongs to the axis, is attributed to him in Warsaw .
plant
Zacharias Longuelune is less known as an independent architect, but rather for his architectural drawings, which are kept in the Saxon Main State Archives Dresden and the SLUB Dresden . He was also remembered as an employee of well-known architects, such as Pöppelmann and de Bodt, for whose buildings he was responsible for construction planning and management.
Although only a few of his own designs were realized, including the log house , he influenced the Dresden cityscape by introducing the facade structure with pilasters and pilasters in the spirit of the French classicist baroque . Through his later teaching activities, he passed this architectural style on to the following generation of Dresden architects. One of his students was Friedrich August Krubsacius . Longuelune's numerous drafts and ideal projects for the royal building projects became effective due to the prevailing community work in the construction department.
Works (selection
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Dresden_Neustadt_Blockhaus_Goldener_Reiter.jpg/170px-Dresden_Neustadt_Blockhaus_Goldener_Reiter.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Barockgarten_Gro%C3%9Fsedlitz_5.jpg/170px-Barockgarten_Gro%C3%9Fsedlitz_5.jpg)
- 1699 Participation in the construction of the Berlin armory
- 1713 (probably) involved in the construction of the Saxon Palace , Warsaw
- from 1719 collaboration in furnishing the Green Vault and the porcelain room in the Dresden Residenzschloss
- 1719 Venus Temple, Great Garden , Dresden
- 1719 Plans for the festivities for the wedding of Prince Elector Friedrich August (II.) With Maria Josepha of Austria in August 1719
- 1719–1732 Participation in Großsedlitz Palace and Park
- from 1726 drafts and construction management at Moritzburg Castle (stone, billiards, dining and monstrous rooms)
- From 1720 participation in the Pillnitz palace complex , 1720/21 in the construction of the Wasserpalais, 1724/25 large open staircase at the Wasserpalais on the Elbe side as a landing stage for the gondolas arriving from Dresden
- around 1722 plans for the redesign of the beautiful gate (golden gate), Dresden (not executed)
- 1725 drafts for the Dresden armory (at the location of today's Albertinum )
- Lower orangery in the Großsedlitz baroque garden , completed in 1727, replacing a previous building by Knöffel
- after 1727 plans for the Elbtor in Dresden
- from 1727 designs for Castle Übigau , today located in a district of Dresden
- 1729–1741 designs for room decorations and collaboration at the Japanese Palace , Dresden
- 1730 base for a bridge crucifix on the Augustus Bridge , Dresden (execution: Johann Christian Kirchner ; not completed according to Longuelune's designs)
- 1730 designs for the Catholic Court Church (St. Trinity Cathedral), Dresden
- from 1732 block house - "Neustädter Wache" . 1749–1755 after Johann Christoph Knöffel or Johann Georg Maximilian von Fürstenhoff with a mezzanine floor and a new roof.
- 1734 first draft for the Palais Brühl-Marcolini , Dresden
- 1736 Base of the Golden Rider monument for August the Strong, Dresden
- 1737 two water houses on the main street in Dresden (demolished in 1895)
- around 1740 design of the Vistula front of the castle project in Warsaw
- 1741 Design (probably by Longuelune) for the Neptune Fountain at the Palais Brühl-Marcolini, Dresden. Executed by Lorenzo Mattielli
literature
- Longuelune, Zacharias . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 23 : Leitenstorfer – Mander . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1929, p. 359 .
- Heinrich Gerhard Franz: Zacharias Longuelune and the architecture of the 18th century in Dresden. German Association for Art History V., Berlin 1953.
Web links
- Design drawings by Zacharias Longuelune at the Deutsche Fotothek
- Draft for the pyramid building (block house) by Zacharias Longuelune from 1737 skd.museum
Individual evidence
- ^ Hagen Bächler, Monika Schlechte: Guide to the Baroque in Dresden. Dortmund 1991, p. 20 f.
- ^ Hagen Bächler, Monika Schlechte: Guide to the Baroque in Dresden. Dortmund 1991, p. 34.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Longuelune, Zacharias |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French architect and architectural draftsman |
DATE OF BIRTH | 1669 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
DATE OF DEATH | November 30, 1748 |
Place of death | Dresden |