Zacharias Longuelune

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Zacharias Longuelune (* 1669 in Paris ; † November 30, 1748 in Dresden ) was a French architect and architectural draftsman. His work can be assigned to the classicist baroque .

Life

Zacharias Longuelune initially trained as a painter and then studied architecture with Antoine Le Pautre in Paris. In 1696 he entered Prussian service and worked as a construction manager for Jean de Bodt in Berlin and Potsdam. In 1710 Longuelune went on a study trip to Italy on the orders of Frederick I , but was dismissed by his successor Friedrich Wilhelm I in 1713.

In the same year he moved to the Saxon court in Dresden. Elector Friedrich August I. , from 1697 also King of Poland (Augustus the Strong), appointed him court architect and in 1731, alongside Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann , chief master builder . In 1732, Johann Christoph Knöffel was added as the third master builder. The three are considered to be the designers of the Dresden Baroque .

While Pöppelmann was the representative of the lively high baroque - influenced by Italy and conveyed via Vienna and Prague - as he realized it in the Zwinger , among others , Longuelune introduced the French classicist baroque in Dresden from 1713 . Knöffel, who already belonged to the next generation, developed this more reserved, French classicism-oriented view of Longuelune and founded the Saxon Rococo .

In the construction department, several architects were always commissioned separately with drafts and then usually not one was selected, but different form elements of the individual drafts were compiled together, which the king himself and the general construction director, Count Wackerbarth, often participated in. This "collegial" process led to the synthesis of many style influences.

On behalf of the king, Pöppelmann and Longuelune worked in the Royal Building Office in the Warsaw Residence from 1728 and probably together on the designs for the Saxon Palace , which was part of the so-called Saxon Axis in Warsaw. In addition, the design of a no longer preserved salon in the Saxon Garden, which also belongs to the axis, is attributed to him in Warsaw .

plant

The block house or so-called pyramid building planned by Longuelune was built from 1732 as a substructure without the pyramid

Zacharias Longuelune is less known as an independent architect, but rather for his architectural drawings, which are kept in the Saxon Main State Archives Dresden and the SLUB Dresden . He was also remembered as an employee of well-known architects, such as Pöppelmann and de Bodt, for whose buildings he was responsible for construction planning and management.

Although only a few of his own designs were realized, including the log house , he influenced the Dresden cityscape by introducing the facade structure with pilasters and pilasters in the spirit of the French classicist baroque . Through his later teaching activities, he passed this architectural style on to the following generation of Dresden architects. One of his students was Friedrich August Krubsacius . Longuelune's numerous drafts and ideal projects for the royal building projects became effective due to the prevailing community work in the construction department.

Works (selection

The Dresden block house ("Neustädter Wache") in the form completed in 1749–1755, with the Golden Rider in front of it ; The only large building carried out by Longuelunes
The Lower Orangery in the Grosssedlitz Baroque Garden , based on a design by Zacharias Longuelune (1727)

literature

Web links

Commons : Zacharias Longuelune  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hagen Bächler, Monika Schlechte: Guide to the Baroque in Dresden. Dortmund 1991, p. 20 f.
  2. ^ Hagen Bächler, Monika Schlechte: Guide to the Baroque in Dresden. Dortmund 1991, p. 34.
personal data
SURNAME Longuelune, Zacharias
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French architect and architectural draftsman
DATE OF BIRTH 1669
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH November 30, 1748
Place of death Dresden