Jean de Bodt

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Jean de Bodt, architect and general, 1729

Jean (de) Bodt (* 1670 in Paris ; † January 3, 1745 in Dresden ) was an architect of the classicist Baroque and Prussian and Electoral Saxon general .

Life

family

Bodt was born to Reformed parents in Paris. He gave his parents as Arnold Bodt and Dame Caterine de Gion. Bodt could be the son of Arnold von Both (Bodt) who emigrated from Mecklenburg to Paris , and a French woman. It could just as well come from the Netherlands. The fish in his coat of arms is an indication. Bodt had been married twice. It is unlikely that his first wife was an illegitimate daughter of Wilhelm III. from Orange . Rather, John Bodt married Elizabeth Timberly in London in 1694 , from whom he divorced in 1706. There is also evidence of his second marriage to Magdalena von Persode († April 13, 1734 Neustadt Dresden, 53 years old), sister of Major General Johann von Persode , whom he married on February 23, 1707 in Berlin. Several daughters resulted from this marriage, including:

  • Suzanne Eleonore von Bodt ∞ Karl Moritz von Wangelin. Their daughter married Karl Kuno Ludwig von Klitzing .
  • Charlotte von Bodt ∞ Johann Sigmund von Petzinger.

Career

Jean de Bodt studied architecture under François Blondel in France , but fled to Holland as a Huguenot in 1685 after the edict of Nantes was repealed because of his evangelical faith . As an officer in the service of Prince William of Orange , he found the opportunity, in addition to participating in various campaigns, to continue his studies in the Netherlands and later - also in the prince's entourage - in England . In London he became captain ( Captain ) of infantry and engineer - Corps .

Berlin and Prussia
Berlin Zeughaus: facade elevation and half floor plan after Jean de Bodt

In 1699 he followed a call from the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich III. to Berlin and was assigned to the Fusilier Regiment No. 20 (Alt-Bornstedt). First he began his work with extensive security measures, then he gradually changed the old plans and found new forms that were influenced by the French classical period and the English architecture of the late 17th century. In Berlin he completed as head of the entire construction industry in autumn 1699, the armory , the on plans Johann Arnold Nering goes back and after his death by Martin Grünberg and Schlüter Andreas continued, the latter mainly created the architectural sculpture. However, essential elements of the Zeughaus go back to de Bodt's concepts. He also designed parts of the Potsdam City Palace .

For reasons of cultural representation, Friedrich I wanted his Kingdom of Prussia, founded in 1701, to be upgraded and persuaded the richest families in East Prussia to build a series of baroque palaces; de Bodt participated with the designs for Schloss Friedrichstein and Schloss Schlodien . His plans for Friedrichstein, the castle of Count Dönhoff , were implemented in the years 1709–1714 by the architect John von Collas , also a Huguenot with a similar path of life; Jean de Bodt and John von Collas (Jean de Collas) must have known each other: both fled first to Holland, then in the wake of Wilhelm III. from Orange with him to London, and both came to Prussia around 1700. Philipp Gerlach began building the tower of the Parochial Church in Berlin in 1715 according to de Bodt's plans . He drew the plans for Wentworth Castle near York for the English ambassador Thomas Wentworth .

Since March 1701 he was a full member of what was then the Royal Prussian Society of Sciences . On May 9, 1705 it was decided that he should become commander of the engineering corps, initially without a patent. On September 14, 1706 he got his patent as colonel. On December 24, 1715, King Friedrich Wilhelm I promoted him to major general. On January 1, 1722 he became the commander of the Wesel Fortress and expanded it. The Berliner Tor is his work.

Saxony

The break came when the king preferred Walrawe when expanding Magdeburg fortress . De Bodt asked him to leave. Through the mediation of his friend Longuelune , he succeeded August Christoph von Wackerbarth in Saxony in 1728 as general manager of the civil and military buildings and as head of the engineering corps, for which he received the rank of lieutenant general. He was also the superior of the civil construction department. In this function he modernized the Königstein Fortress from 1734 on behalf of Friedrich August II . Between 1735 and 1737 he had the Elbe wing of the fortress, which is still preserved today, and the new barracks built at Sonnenstein Castle above Pirna . In 1741 he was appointed general of the infantry. However, these ranks were hardly associated with military duties, but only served to classify his salary as the leading architect of the state.

In Dresden, among other things, he managed the expansion of the Japanese Palace . Similar to his portico at the Berlin armory and the East Prussian castles, he designed a columned portico with a triangular gable, but here crowned by a dome and flanked by figures behind the gable triangle - an arrangement that Paul Wallot was later to increase to the gigantic in the Berlin Reichstag building . "Actually, in its monumentality, it is foreign to Dresden, since this middle section is successfully combined with the curved roof shapes of the corner pavilions that go back to Pöppelmann ."

In 1737, at the behest of Friedrich August II , he worked out a plan for a “special specialist institute” for engineering officers. In December 1743 it began teaching as the "Dresden Engineering Academy" with initially two permanent teachers. Mathematics and its applications, fortress construction and warfare, theoretical and practical geodesy, cartography, geography, civil engineering, mechanics including hydromechanics and mechanical engineering were taught in the rooms of the Neustädter Kaserne am Niedergraben, known as both the knight and military academy. Only interrupted by the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the engineering academy, with almost five teachers, worked well into the Napoleonic Wars.

In 2005 the library of the Winterthur Museum (near Wilmington (Delaware) ) acquired an extensive anthology with ornament templates from de Bodt's possession.

Pictures of buildings by Jean de Bodt

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

Web links

Commons : Jean de Bodt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Ed.): Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 26, Issues 1-4, London 1997, p. 509.
  2. ↑ See, Laurenz Demps : Der Gensd'armen-Markt. Face and history of a Berliner Platz . Henschelverlag, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-362-00141-6 , p. 30
  3. ↑ Cf. Klaus Ludwig Thiel: Jean de Bodt's state building designs for Friedrich I in theory and practice, Cologne 1987, p. 5.
  4. ↑ Cf. Klaus Ludwig Thiel: Jean de Bodt's state building designs for Friedrich I in theory and practice, Cologne 1987, p. 9.
  5. ↑ Joseph Lemuel Chester (ed.): Allegations for Marriage Licenses Issued by the Vicar-general of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Volume 31, London, p. 285.
  6. ^ Robin D. Gwyn: Huguenot Heritage: The History and Contribution of the Huguenots in Britain, Brighton 2001, p. 95.
  7. ↑ Cf. Klaus Ludwig Thiel: Jean de Bodt's state building designs for Friedrich I in theory and practice, Cologne 1987, p. 13.
  8. ^ Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Ed.): Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 26, Issues 1-4, London 1997, p. 509.
  9. ↑ Schlodien.org ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schlodien.org
  10. ^ Members of the previous academies. Jean de Bodt. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on February 24, 2015 .
  11. ^ Hagen Bächler and Monika Schlechte: Guide to the Baroque in Dresden , Dortmund 1991, p. 87
  12. ^ Chamber of Engineers Saxony: Engineering services in Saxony, 1998, p. 11, ISBN 3-00-002735-1
  13. ↑ Report on the acquisition of the anthology  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.winterthur.org  


personal data
SURNAME Bodt, Jean de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bodt, Jan de; Bodt, Johann von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Saxon general and architect
DATE OF BIRTH 1670
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH January 3, 1745
Place of death Dresden