Dönhoff

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Coat of arms of the von Dönhoff family

Dönhoff (Polish Denhoff ) is the name of an old Westphalian noble family from the county of Mark , which spread across the Baltic to Poland and Prussia .

history

The origin of the Dönhoff can be found in Heven on the Dönhof, from where the family went to Wengern ( House Dönhoff ). The brothers Heinrich von Dunehof and Herbordus de Dunehoue ​​called Kebbe were first mentioned in a document in 1282 . The regular series of sex begins with Johann von Dönhoff on Wengern, a document called 1440-1486, his son Hermann von Dönhof 1478 in Livonia invested was. In 1410 Godecke Dönhoff († before 1444) acquired the Allo estate in Estonia . His house died out in the 16th century, and Allo fell to the von Rosen family in 1523 . Heven came to Tidemann von Unna through marriage in 1463 , the Wengern house also went out in 1540 with Dietrich von Dönhoff , it fell to Gerhard von Dönhoff († 1574) from whom all later relatives descended.

Towards the end of the 16th century, the family began to rise to become an important magnate family in Poland-Lithuania. In 1633 the entire family was raised to the rank of imperial count by the emperor , a line of Denhoffs was established in 1637 by emperor Ferdinand III. additionally raised to the rank of imperial prince . The material and political power of the Denhoffs was established by Prince Kaspar Dönhoff (1587–1645). He had the baroque residences in Ujazd and Kruszynie near Radom and the family's grave chapel built on the site of Jasna Góra , the largest Marian shrine in Central and Eastern Europe and the most important Polish national shrine. The five Polish houses, including the Livonian and Courlandic houses, died out between 1725 and 1791.

Friedrichstein Castle , family seat from 1666 to 1945

Another branch of this family, belonging to the Reformed faith, settled in East Prussia around 1640 and was owned by Friedrichstein Castle (now Russian: Kamenka ) near Löwenhagen (Komsomolsk), 20 kilometers east of Königsberg (Kaliningrad) from 1666 to 1945 .

The Dönhoff family foundation Quittainen near Preussisch Holland was headed by the respective entails commissioner von Friedrichstein. Schloss und Gut Quittainen had acquired Philipp Otto Graf Dönhoff in 1742 and expanded the property by purchasing the estates Schönau-Gehlfeldt, Nauten and Samrodt.

The three younger houses Beynuhnen (1888), Krafftshagen (today Krawczyki in the Bartoszyce / Bartenstein district, with the name of Count von Dönhoff, Freiherren von Krafft , 1962) and Rützenhagen (1945) also came from the Friedrichstein line .

Dönhoffstädt Castle

The founder of the Dönhoffstädt family came from the Friedrichstein branch , so named after the Baroque palace near Groß Wolfsdorf built by Bogislaw Friedrich von Dönhoff (1699–1742) in the years 1710–1716 , which was owned by the family until 1816 when the three sisters of the Count Stanislaus Dönhoff shared his inheritance. The Dönhoff-Dönhoffstädt branch finally expired in 1879 after Dönhoffstädt was inherited by the Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode in 1863 .

All current members of the family are descendants of Count August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff (1797–1874) on Friedrichstein, father of Count August von Dönhoff (1845–1920); his daughter was the journalist Marion Gräfin Dönhoff (1909-2002), one grandson is the forester and author Hermann Graf Hatzfeldt-Dönhoff , the numerous great-grandchildren include the writers Tatjana Gräfin Dönhoff (* 1959) and Friedrich Dönhoff (* 1967).

coat of arms

Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1914

The family coat of arms shows a red-tongued black boar head ( boar head ) with raised bristles in silver . On the helmet with black and silver covers a growing red-tongued black boar, pierced by two crossed golden lances on the neck.

Name bearer

literature

Web links

Commons : Dönhoff family  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Denhoff family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Westphalia. Document book. Vol. VII, No. 1803.
  2. ↑ (illustration and short description; Polish)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / old.ziemialodzka.pl  
  3. ↑ Building history of the magnates in Kruszyn (Polish) ( MS Word ; 1.4 MB)
  4. ↑ see: Dynastic Genealogy or Denhoffowie ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mariusz.eu.pn
  5. ↑ Dönhoffstädt ( Memento of the original from March 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 256 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zlb.de
  6. ↑ Manfred Höhne: The district of Rastenburg. Wolfsdorf (Groß Wolfsdorf with Dönhoffstädt)
  7. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility . Adelslexikon Volume II, Limburg (Lahn) 1974.