Lubomirski

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Coat of arms of the Lubomirski dynasty (Szreniawa without cross)
Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
Prince Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski
Prince Jan Kazimierz Lubomirski
Prince Jerzy Aleksander Lubomirski
Prince Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski
Prince Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski
Prince Teodor Lubomirski
Prince Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski

Lubomirski is the name of an important Polish noble family .

History of the Lubomirski Princely Family

Lubomirski - Polish princes with the Szreniawa coat of arms without a cross.

Family origin and coat of arms

The Lubomirski family has been part of Polish history since the 10th century . The first theory of family origins, by the Polish heraldist Adam Boniecki , assumes that there were two sexes. The first branch was located on the Szreniawa River in Proszowice County, the second in Szczyrzyce County. The date of the division of the clan is not known, but it probably happened before the adoption of Christianity by Poland . The Szreniawiten who lived on the Szreniawa River shared a common coat of arms, which means that they also had the same ancestors. During the reign of Mieszko I , the members of this family showed bravery in fighting pagans . For this heroic deed, they were awarded a knighthood and coat of arms. The noble coat of arms Drużyna (Szreniawa without cross) shows the loops of the Szreniawa river in the form of a white letter S on a red field. With the motto Patriam Versus (directed to the homeland), this coat of arms is used by the representatives of the family to this day.

The author of the second theory about the origin of the sex is the medievalist Władysław Semkowicz. In the article “Drużyna i Śreniawa. Studyum heraldyczne “he writes that the family lived on the banks of the Szreniawa River in Szczyrzyce County, that is, in an area bordered by the Raba, Stradomka with the Trzciański, Łososina and Krzyworzeka brooks. Semkowicz describes that the original family territory of the Drużynnites was located there (ancestors of the Lubomirski, Wieruski, Rupniewski and Lasocki families). In his opinion, the coat of arms does not represent the river bends, but "Krzywaśń", a curved rod - the attribute of secular or episcopal power. This would mean that the clan performed important functions related to rulership several centuries before their name was adopted.

The further history of the Szreniawiten or Drużynnite dynasty is closely connected with the court of the Piast rulers. One of them was a canon at Wawel Court. The people who used this coat of arms belonged to the inner circle around King Bolesław Śmiały - his bodyguards, which the most famous Polish chronicler Jan Długosz mentions in "Roczniki czyli Kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego". The oldest document concerning the Lubomirski family comes from the 11th century. It is a question of a division of property which was made mandatory in Kraków in 1682 (entered in the books). The original has not been preserved. There is only one mention from this year in the crown metric. The following members of the family were bishops who fulfilled central functions at the court of the Piasts, increased their fortunes and invested in estates, mainly in Lesser Poland. Jakub Lubomirski held the office of town clerk in the 14th century.

Basics of economic power

The predecessor of the Lubomirski dynasty, which separated itself from the Szreniawiten clan, is Piotr (deceased 1480), lord of the Lubomierz , the village from which he took the name. The family built their economic foundations on the exploitation of the salt mines in the Kraków Voivodeship. The mine shafts were leased by the rulers of Poland. The representatives of the Lubomirski family also founded their own mines in Małopolska Voivodeship ( Lesser Poland ). The originator of the economic power was Sebastian (approx. 1546–1613), who in 1581 became salt count of Kraków . It was the first metropolitan office held by a family representative. Sebastian used the support of King Stefan Batory in taking office . Sebastian received the title of Prince of Wiśnicz from Emperor Rudolf II in 1595 , and in 1591 he joined the Senate as District Administrator of Małogoszcz . He opened the private “Kunegunda” salt mine in Siercza, which was exploited for around 100 years.

The money gained through the salt trade enabled the representatives of the family to grant loans to even the richest people in the country. This made it possible to acquire more land or to take it over from insolvent debtors. The family improved their economic situation over several generations and thereby increased their fortune, which they had held for centuries.

Residences

The earliest mentions of Lubomierz - the hometown - were recorded in 1398. The estate, which first consisted of the villages of Gdow and Szczyrzyce and was owned by the family as early as the 13th century, expanded significantly. In the 17th and 18th centuries it already included Lubomierz , Nowy Wiśnicz , Bochnia , Wieliczka , Łańcut , Baranów Sandomierski , Puławy , Rzeszów , Równe , Tarnów , Jarosław , Przeworsk and Janowiec on the Vistula . The castle in Nowy Wiśnicz is still owned by the Lubomirski Family Association. Many properties were located in the area of ​​the largest Polish cities: Warsaw , the Lubomirski Palace (Warsaw) , today's Presidential Palace (Warsaw) , further z. B. Mokotów , Ujazdów , Czerniaków , Kraków (Wola Justowska, Kamienica Pod Baranami [ House of the Aries ]), Rzeszów (Castle), Sandomierz or Lwów . The prestige was emphasized by the maintenance of residences in Dresden , Vienna and Paris . The family members were called "Owners of the Bank of the Dniepr River" because most of their possessions were in what is now Ukraine and Slovakia. The Lubomirski family had political, military and economic influence, which was mainly concentrated in the Kraków, Sandomierz, Stanisławów and Ruthenian Voivodeships, in order to later encompass the entire territory of the Republic of Both Nations . They retained this property until the collapse of the Polish state. At that time, the family was deprived of many estates as a result of the sanctions imposed by the independence movement.

The members of the Lubomirski family invested in land and bought large estates. A conscious effort was made to concentrate land ownership, as this should become a unified whole. The territorial expansion began in the traditional area south of Krakow and directed east. The common goods reached their greatest extent in the time of King Stanislaus (dec. 1649). This was the third largest fortune in the then Polish republic, smaller only than that of the Ostrog Majorate and the property of the Radziwiłł family . Land ownership was acquired and rich royal fortunes were leased, such as the Starostei Spiš, Sandomierz and Sacz. The income from the lands leased by the king was comparable to that from private lands. They introduced many facilities and new solutions on their estate. They converted their farms to industrial production. They built sugar refineries, distilleries, factories. They treated their subjects equally, introduced equal rights, allowed the Jews to buy property in private towns, to build houses, and granted them legal rights. They founded schools and hospitals for the rural population who were supported by private income. In their estates they often hired people from the lowest class, looked after their education and offered them residence, clothing and, as was customary at the time, wages paid twice a year. For loyal service they gave them lifelong or inheritable possessions.

Family division

This initially not very numerous family multiplied considerably, which led to the division of the property held, but also enabled an easier political start thanks to the support of numerous people in the Sejm and Senate or at the royal court. The closest family representatives could also count on the support of their relatives in political or judicial activities. The family split into five main lines:

  • Wiśnicz Line (by Alexander Michael, 1614–1677),
  • Lańcuter Line (by Stanisław Herakliusz, 1642–1702),
  • Przeworsk Line (by Alexander Michael, dated 1675),
  • Rzeszówer Line (by Hieronim Augustyn, approx. 1647–1706) and
  • Janowiec line (by Jerzy Dominik, 1665–1727).

The most numerous genealogical line was the Przeworsker line, which was divided into three branches: dubrowieńsko-kruszyńska , równieńsko-przeworska and dubieńska . Numerous representatives of this family line are still alive today.

First citizen of the Free State of Poland

The members of the House of Lubomirski held the offices of marshals, voivodes and hetmans . Four Lubomirski princes received the dignity of the Great Crown Marshal: Jerzy Sebastian, Józef Karol, Stanisław Herakliusz and Stanisław. They were active in the field of politics, led the Polish Sejm , created a private army, and performed the functions of royal ambassadors at courts throughout Europe. Several times they had a decisive influence on the choice of individual monarchs. They were also defenders of the nobility, who often entrusted them with their vote during the Sejmungen and during the royal elections. Jerzy Sebastian was Grand Marshal and Crown Hetman, but he decided to support the postulates of the nobility united in the uprising.

The representatives of the Lubomirski dynasty made sure to connect with equally powerful and wealthy families. This enabled them to expand their private goods and to take over part of the Ostrog country estate based on the Kolbuszow transaction in 1753. Stanisław Lubomirski (1583–1649) married Zofia Ostrogska, Aleksander Michał Lubomirski married Helena Tekla Ossolińska, Krystyna Lubomirwiławska married Albryzławi Stanziławska Józef Karol (1638–1702) was the husband of Teofilia Ludwika Zasławska, Teresa Lubomirska (deceased 1712) was the wife of Karol Filip , Prince of Neuburg, and Marianna (1693–1729) was the wife of Paweł Karol Sanguszko, the Lithuanian Grand Marshal.

Royal blood

In 1647 the Lubomirski family received from Emperor Ferdinand III in the person of Stanislaus Lubomirski . the hereditary title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation . You yourself were also candidates for the Polish crown. The Grand Crown Hetman, Prince Hieronim Augustyn, was the most important candidate for the Polish throne after the death of King Jan III. Sobieski . Prince Teodor Konstanty (1683–1745), Cracow voivode, applied for the crown after the death of King August II the Strong. Prince Stanisław Lubomirski, Kyiv voivode, Marshal of the Radom Court, ran for the throne in 1764. The Lubomirski princes also applied to take over the Bohemian and Hungarian crowns. Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski (1687–1753) campaigned for the Hungarian throne. The culmination of these applications was the dignity of Prince Regent by Zdzisław Lubomirski in the years 1917–1918.

The Lubomirski family is related to almost all of the ruling dynasties in Europe, for example the Bourbons , Capetians , Ludolfingers , Wittelsbachers , Hohenzollerns and the Rurikids . The Lubomirski family is related on the maternal side to the Mazovian Piast family. Zofia Lubomirska was the great-granddaughter of Anna Mazowiecka, daughter of Konrad III. Rudy , Prince of Mazovia. Katarzyna Lubomirska (approx. 1585-1620) was the wife of Konstanty Bazyl II , the Ostrog prince, who was closely related to Bolesław IV. , The descendant of Konrad Mazowiecki .

Famous winners

  • Prince Stanisław Lubomirski became famous for his leadership in the Battle of Chocim in 1621 with Turkish-Tatar forces. Stanisław initially took part in the battle in the ranks of a private regiment, but when the hetman Karol Chodkiewicz died and the hetman Koniecpolski was captured, he took the lead. He reached the end of the siege fairly quickly. The battle of Chocim , which lasted several days, ended with the defense of the Turks on October 10, 1621.
  • Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski (1616–1667) was the only Polish aristocrat who did not take an oath to King Karl X. Gustav of Sweden during the invasion of Sweden. He offered Jan Kazimierz refuge in his country estate in Lubowla (now Slovakia ) and began a counter-offensive by the Polish army. He used his private army, which fought at Warka and liberated Warsaw and Toruń , which were occupied by the Swedes. In the campaign he led, he offered Stefan Czarniecki his support. In 1660 Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski led private and royal troops through a lightning campaign that ended with the defeat of Russian forces at Cudnowo and Połonka. It was one of the best-run military campaigns in 17th century Europe. In 1661 contacts with the king were loosened, which led to an uprising. The prince withdrew to Silesia and, demoted by a Sejm court, fought for the right to salvation of honor. His sons succeeded in doing this. The Lubomirski Confederation was a rebellion lasting from 1665 to 1666 against the Polish King John II Casimir and his reform plans (including the Vivente Rege ).
  • Prince Hieronim Augustyn, a member of the Order of St. John, sacrificed his life in the battle with the Turks, a threat to civilization and culture across Europe. He fought back the Cossack uprising under the leadership of Piotr Doroszenko. In 1670 he fought with the Crimean horde at Bracław and Kalnik. During the Battle of Vienna in 1683, his soldiers' detachments were the first to penetrate the city gates. During the First Republic of Poland, eight representatives of the family were generals. Two of them took part in the war with tsarist Russia that resulted in the Kościuszko uprising .

The Lubomirski Family in the History of Warsaw

Prince Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski (1642–1702) hired Tylman from Gameren , who later became the court architect of King Mikołaj Korybut Wiśniowiecki , to renovate his numerous residences . He was the owner of the residences in Puławy , Czerniaków (where he founded the Bernardine Monastery and Church) and in Ujazdów (now part of Warsaw). Towards the end of the 17th century, he built baths here, which were the beginning of the water palace of King Stanisław August Poniatowski , and a hermitage - planned as a place for meditation and relaxation. He was a friend of several artists and art patrons throughout Europe, as can be seen from the correspondence that has been preserved. He had contacts with the French and Spanish courts as well as with members of the Medici family, which enabled him to conduct numerous mediations and negotiations on behalf of the Polish king. Stanisław Herakliusz was also a talented artist, a forerunner of the Polish Baroque in literature. He made use of different languages, in his works he used almost all known literary forms, but he was most interested in new trends that came from Italy. His philosophical work "Rozmowy Artaksesa i Ewandra" has been included in the canon of Old Polish literature and is even school reading.

An example of the organization of the exact center of the capital is the renovation of the Pod Blachą Palace, commissioned by Jerzy Dominik Lubomirski in the early 18th century . The palace, which was given classical forms, located on the south side of the royal palace, was acquired by the king in 1777, who over time moved his library there.

The previous owner of this building was Prince Jerzy Marcin Lubomirski (1738–1811), who made particular contributions to the Polish theater. He financed the performance of domestic and European theater performances and organized numerous concerts, balls and meetings. The festivals he organized were meeting places for artists and aristocracy from all over Europe , and he was remembered by the residents of the capital as the organizer of public festivals with fireworks - Fokshali. Jerzy Marcin was also an adventurer and participant in the Bar Confederation. From 1758 he served in the Prussian and later Russian army. Excluded from political life in Poland by his family, he remained in history as a music and theater lover. In 1777 he financed the publication of the work "Świętoszek" [ The Cabal of the Hypocrites ] by Molière , in 1783 he rented a theater privilege and made Wojciech Bogusławski director of the theater. He also opened a ballet and drama school for a thousand people.

Izabela Lubomirska (1736–1816), marshal princess, rebuilt the castle in Łańcut , collected art and ran libraries containing hundreds of works of art from all over Europe and the world. She was politically active, in her property in Łańcut she granted protection to part of the French court during the revolutionary period. She expanded her residences, often using the latest architectural solutions. She built a palace on her estate in Mokotów. She gave this district of Warsaw its name by calling her property Mon Coteau ( My Hill ). She was a theater fanatic and laid the foundation stone for the construction of the National Theater in Warsaw . She maintained a number of private stages in her palaces. The concept of theater had a much broader meaning in history than it does today. It included not only plays, but also opera, cabaret and equilibristic performances. It was a medium that had a huge impact on the senses of the audience. For Princess Izabela, Franciszek Karpiński wrote “the song about the birth of the Lord”, known as “God is born”. In honor of her daughter, Cyprian Kamil Norwid wrote a panegyric . Tadeusz Kościuszko set out from his residence in Łańcut, went to Cracow and from there began the uprising throughout the country.

Prince Stanisław Lubomirski , husband of Izabela, went down in history as the host of Warsaw. He introduced fixed street lighting here and maintained a police department from private funds. Above all, he wanted to take care of the health of the residents of Warsaw, which is why he decided to protect the city on both banks of the Vistula with an earth wall, which was initially intended to protect against a spreading plague epidemic. Only three passages were allowed in the earth wall, in which people and cars entering the city were checked. The dam, reinforced with guns, was later used to defend the capital during the Kościuszko Uprising and the November Uprising . The wall marked the city limits throughout the 19th century. With a document from 1770, this prince introduced street names, which made the city administration and the functioning of the city considerably easier, as well as regulating the reporting and simplifying the correspondence.

Philanthropists and patrons

The Lubomirski family, like other wealthy aristocratic families, exercised artistic, cultural and scientific patrons. In the family castle in Wiśnicz , which is still owned by the family today, as well as in Wilanów , Łazienki Królewskie , Łańcut or Mokotów , they ran private theater groups, financed artists, donated sacred objects and took care of the cleaning of the residence. The reconstruction of the castle in Wiśnicz was the work of Maciej Trapola . The castle chapel was decorated with stucco work by Giovanni Battisto Falconi . And Stanisław Lubomirski (1538–1649), who financed the reconstruction of the palace, also donated twenty sacred objects.

Prince Marceli Lubomirski supported the work of the poet Cyprian Kamil Norwid for several years . He immortalized it in his reading “Białe kwiaty” [ White Flowers ]. Prince Józef Lubomirski (1751-1817) was a pioneer of the country's industrialization and reforms, a gifted commander, knight of the White Eagle (highest state honor) and St. Stanislaus. He supported the May 3rd Constitution . The Lubomirski family built private schools for their protégés on their lands. They often entrusted the training to the specialized Piarist or Jesuit order. The family members donated monasteries, churches and other sacred objects. Prince Stanisław Lubomirski founded the Carmelite monastery in Wiśnicz , which is still a pearl of Renaissance architecture in Poland. For many decades the residents of the Wiśnicz castle supported the monastery with various legacies. Jerzy Dominik Lubomirski (approx. 1665–1727) gave the Pauline Monastery on Jasna Góra many valuable items, including liturgical vessels. The main gate leading to the monastery was built on his initiative. It is named Lubomirski Gate.

Fight with the dividing powers

After 1795, the Lubomirski princes became involved in conspiratorial and rebellious activities, although they lost other estates in return. Prince Jerzy Roman Lubomirski (1799–1865), owner of Rozwadow, took part in the battles of the November and January uprisings, and set up hospitals for the injured on their property. After the failure of the uprising, his palace became the place of secret meetings of Polish patriots. He was active in the social and scientific fields. He ran trivial schools and poor homes and established two scientific foundations. The first foundation dealt with the acquisition of examination equipment and the second honored Polish authors of important scientific works.

His brother Prince Adam Hieronim Karol Lubomirski (1811–1873) was awarded Virtuti Militari for participating in the November Uprising. After the rebellion was suppressed, Tsarist Russia robbed the family of part of their property.

In 1823 Prince Henryk Lubomirski (1777–1850) gave his rich collections (library, archives, works of art and other monuments, known as "antiques") to the Ossoliński National Institute in Lwów, which has since become an important and famous science in Europe - and became a cultural institution. Here humanistic studies were carried out. The works published by the Ossolineum in the 19th century are still of great value. The Ossolineum also published sources on the history of Poland. Without financial and material support, which the Ossolineum received from Prince Lubomirski, this institute would have failed in the initial phase. Henryk Lubomirski was the administrator of this institution for many years. He contributed to the creation of the Lubomirski Prince Museum - the first private museum in Poland open to the general public. He and Zygmunt Krasiński became particularly familiar. The figure of the prince was immortalized in the drama "Nie-Boska Komedia" in the person of Orcio.

Prince Henryk Lubomirski founded the Przeworsk Majorat in 1823. As a result of the founder's independence activities, it was not legalized by the partitioning powers until after his death. In 1869 his son, Prince Andrzej Lubomirski, became his first major.

Prince Aleksander Lubomirski (1802-1893) founded institutions for poor boys in the city center of Kraków (today the seat of the University of Economics) and girls in Łagiewniki (today a sanctuary, much appreciated by Blessed John Paul II , where St. Sister Faustyna had revelations). In these institutions the young people were prepared for adult life. Practical occupations were taught free of charge that could provide a basis for employment in the future.

Prince Tadeusz Lubomirski (1826–1908) founded the Warsaw Charity Association. For many years he was President of the Ophthalmological Institute in Warsaw , which carried out ophthalmic examinations at European level. On his initiative, special brigades were formed to help heal poor people's eyesight. They gave free advice to their patients. During the January Uprising, the prince was a member of Romuald Traugutt's national government , where he was director of the interior department. He was exiled to Niżny Novogrod, deep in Russia, for anti-Tsarist activities. He supported the Polish school system. He protected Polish professional organizations from Russian and Prussian competition and founded loan offices. He tried to win back the Polish art stolen by the Russians during the wars. Among other things, he received the Poniatowski monument, which stood in front of the presidential palace , and also the Sigismund Column , which he also restored. He also acquired Polish castles in Czersk and Iłża to save them from destruction. In 1875 he founded the Museum of Industry and Agriculture in Warsaw (now the seat of the Central Agricultural Library). The prince opened evening schools for craftsmen and journeymen and groschensparkassen for the poor. He financed the publication of sources on the history of Poland, trade journals and organized free libraries.

Władysław Emanuel Lubomirski supported the Zoological Cabinet of Warsaw University . He invested in the purchase of teaching aids, financed the university staff's trips, and handed over his shell collections. He himself dealt mainly with floristry, examined the behavior of plants under changed climatic conditions. The Museum of Zoology of the Zoological Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences uses its collections to this day.

Prince Władysław Lubomirski (1866–1934) was a patron and founder of the artist group Young Poland in Music. In order to facilitate the work of the organization, he founded a society which dealt with the promotion of talented young Polish artists. For several years he financed the training and supported Karol Szymanowski , Artur Rubinstein and Grzegorz Fitelberg . He financed the Warsaw Philharmonic at a time when Tsarist officials were planning to close it. Princes Władysław Lubomirski and Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski were the initiators of the establishment of the family association of Princes Lubomirski.

Prince Stanisław Sebastian Lubomirski (1875-1932) founded the Warsaw airline Aviata in 1910. On his initiative, the first civil pilot school and an aircraft factory were established in Poland. Aviata's first airport was on Pole Mokotowskie , a place also occupied by the tsarist army. The prince received permission for its use directly from tsarist officials.

The Prince Regent proclaims the independence of Poland

On October 7, 1918, on the initiative of Prince Regent Zdzisław Lubomirski, after 123 years, the Polish Declaration of Independence was proclaimed, published in Monitor Polski [ Polish Monitor ], the government gazette in which generally known, valid legal acts were and are published. The Prince Regent Zdzisław Lubomirski (1865–1943) was the long-time President of Warsaw and a politician. As chairman of the citizens' committee and president of Warsaw, he expanded self-government, organized intervention work, loan funds, and looked after hospitals and the housing conditions of Warsaw residents. With his activity he determined the direction of work for other politicians of the independent state. In 1926 he took on the role of mediator between the conflicting parties. In the 1930s he was a senator, served on the foreign affairs committee and the military committee. During the Second World War he was captured and tortured by the Gestapo and died as a result of injuries sustained in prison.

On the initiative of the Prince Regent, the foundations of Polish administration were laid during the First World War. The existing offices were taken over by the occupiers and new bodies were formed. The institutions proved to be stable and functioned in the 1920s, with the same people often working there.

Interwar period

From 1919 to 1939, the Lubomirski princes exercised the role of members of the Sejm and senators and worked in ministries. They also got involved in the process of industrialization of the state, founded banking institutions and loan offices that gave the poorest cheap loans. They were active in educational organizations, founded and financed schools. They also belonged to the key organizations involved in the modernization of roads, railways and airships. They also took part in the reconstruction of the Polish army, engaged in Polish culture and worked for the common good.

Prince Stefan Lubomirski (1862–1941) was the initiator of the establishment of the Polish Committee of the Olympic Games (later the Polish Olympic Committee ) and a member of the International Olympic Committee. He was also the first president of the Polish Olympic Committee. The next president was his cousin, Prince Kazimierz Lubomirski . Prince Stefan's passion was breeding racehorses. In the Widzów estate near Czestochowa, he and his brothers founded the most modern horse stud in Poland.

Stefan Lubomirski was the owner of the Warsaw Access Railway Company, which created the following narrow-gauge railways: the Grójec narrow-gauge railway for people and goods, the Jabłonna narrow-gauge railway and the Wilanower narrow-gauge railway. The railroad was a modern means of transport that enabled residents of the capital to access the factories in the region and residents of suburban areas to access the capital. The railway lines built by Lubomirski also worked during the Second World War, they ensured the supply of the city controlled by the occupying powers and transported the workers to the Warsaw offices and factories.

Prince Stanisław Sebastian Lubomirski also founded the Central Association of Polish Industry "Lewiatan", of which he was president since 1932. The association promoted the ideas of industrial development - lowering taxes, introducing social benefits for workers and increasing state subsidies for industry. The members of the organization sat in parliament and senate, were members of several governments of the Second Polish Republic and other state institutions. They had a well-developed information base - they published three magazines: “Przegląd Gospodarczy”, “Kurier Polski” and “Depesza”. The prince founded the Bank Przemysłowy Warszawski SA, was president of Bank Handlowy in Warsaw, the Central Association of Polish Industry, the Association of Polish Banks, the Association of Polish Industrialists. He dedicated his life to the struggle for the independence of the Polish economy from the influences of the occupying powers and after regaining independence from the influences of neighboring countries.

Second World War. Armed fight

Prince Stefan Lubomirski (1898–1948) was a member of the Polish Western Federation during the occupation . He was on the list of those to be shot, but fled to Krakow, where he went into hiding. He was arrested for running a secret store of medicines for the Polish Home Army and held in Montelupich prison . He only narrowly escaped being shot. When the occupants discovered this drug store, they set the date for the transport of the entire family to the Auschwitz concentration camp .

Prince Eugeniusz Lubomirski (1895–1982) was arrested by the NKVD and sat in the Lubyanka prison, where he met General Anders . During the general's long struggles, he became his adjutant. He fought at his side over the whole of Europe, including during the Battle of Monte Cassino . Finally he reached Great Britain. He was a candidate for the Polish President in exile.

Prince Hieronim Lubomirski was murdered at the age of 17 during the action to free Jan Bytnar (pseudonym “Rudy”) from Pawiak prison. This happened on March 26, 1943. This action was organized by a special branch of the Gray Ranks Assault Groups ( Szare Szeregi ) and was the beginning of the cooperation of the Gray Ranks with the Polish Home Army ( Armia Krajowa ) in the field of the liberation of prisoners and the Punishment of the prison authorities of the occupiers.

Prince Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski (1882–1945) was very active in the local area. He went to Vienna to deal with the matter of building the bridge over the San River. During the war he helped war victims. In 1944 he was arrested and tortured in Tarnobrzeg prison , eventually murdered by the Security Agency [UB] as a member of the Polish Home Army.

During the Second World War and after its end, the Lubomirski family was often harassed and monitored by the Gestapo , the NKVD and the Security Office [UB / SB]. The family property was confiscated and the princes driven from their family houses.

Today's times

The charitable traditions of the sex are continued by its relatives, who form the Prince Lubomirski Foundation . This organization promotes the development of Polish art and science, develops medical and educational projects. The scope of activities of this organization is very broad, from the support of ecological building methods to the financing of scholarships for students, the purchase of computer and medical equipment to the reconstruction of particularly valuable monuments. The President of the Foundation is Prince Jan Lubomirski-Lanckoroński .

Name bearer

literature

Web links

Commons : Lubomirski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Adam Boniecki , A. Reiski: Herbarz polski, part 1, Wiadomości historyczno-genealogiczne o rodach szlacheckich, vol. 15, Gebethner i Wolf, Warsaw 1912, pp. 56-57.
  2. ↑ W. Semkowicz: Drużyna i Śreniawa. Studyum heraldyczne, "Kwartalnik Historyczny", year. 14 (1900), pp. 200-222. This theory further assumes that as early as the 15th century Jan Długosz did not correctly describe the origin of the Drużyna coat of arms (Szreniawa without cross) and other heraldists repeated this mistake. The coat of arms described above is still used today by members of the sex.
  3. ^ For example, Piotr, Archbishop of Gniezno, who came from the Szreniawiten dynasty, led negotiations between the princes from the Piast dynasty during the congress in Łęczyca in 1180. See K. Niecsiecki SJ Herbarz polski powiększony dodatkami z późniejszych autorów, rękopisów, dowodów urzędowych, Vol. 8, Breitkopf w Haertel, Leipzig 1841, pp. 469–472.
  4. ^ For example, Piotr, Archbishop of Gniezno, who came from the Szreniawiten dynasty , led negotiations between the princes from the Piast dynasty during the congress in Łęczyca in 1180 . See K. Niecsiecki SJ Herbarz polski powiększony dodatkami z późniejszych autorów, rękopisów, dowodów urzędowych, Vol. 8, Breitkopf w Haertel, Leipzig 1841, pp. 469–472.
  5. ^ T. Zielińska: Poczet polskich rodów arystokratycznych. WSiP, Warsaw 1997, p. 134.
  6. ↑ Rody Rzeczypospolitej magnackie. PWN, Warsaw 2009, p. 98.
  7. ↑ Such information is given by A. Boniecki and A. Reiski, Herbarz polski , part 1, Wiadomości historyczno-genealogiczne o rodach szlacheckich, vol. 15, Gebethner i Wolf, Warsaw 1912, pp. 56–58.
  8. ↑ Sąd Rejonowy [District Court] in Bochnia, land department LWH 390th
  9. ↑ Jerzy Sebastian was particularly involved in democratization. He believed that greater economic privileges of all of his subjects will also result from his enrichment.
  10. ↑ Kasper Niesiecki : Herbarz polski powiększony dodatkami z późniejszych autorów, rękopisów, dowodów urzędowych i published by JN Borowicza, vol. 6, Leipzig 1841, p. 147.
  11. ↑ J. Dlugosz: Latyfundia Lubomirskich w XVII wieku (powstanie - rozwój - podziały). University of Opole, 1997, p. 13.
  12. ↑ Rody Rzeczypospolitej magnackie. PWN, Warsaw 2009, p. 103, T. Zielińska: Poczet polskich rodów arystokratycznych. WSiP, Warsaw 1997, p. 137.
  13. ↑ Elekcje Królów Polski w Warszawie na Woli 1575-1764. Upamiętnienie pola elekcyjnego w 400-lecie stołeczności Warszawy. edited by Marek Tarczyński, Roma, Warsaw 1997, pass.
  14. ↑ wielcy.pl, Wielka genealogia Minakowskiego.
  15. ↑ TM Nowak: Historia oręża polskiego 963-1795. Wiedza Powszechna publishing house, Warsaw 1988, pass.
  16. ↑ S. Mossakowski: Mecenat artystyczny Stanisława Herakliusza Lubomirskiego. [in:] Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski. Pisarz - polityk - mecenas. written by W. Roszkowska, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1982, pp. 51–75.
  17. ↑ MM Drozdowski, A. Zahorski: Historia Warszawy, Jeden Świat, Warsaw 2004, pp. 120–121.
  18. ^ Encyklopedia Warszawy. written by B. Petrozolin - Skowrońska, PWN, Warsaw 1994, p. 231.
  19. ^ T. Zielińska: Poczet polskich rodów arystokratycznych. WSiP, Warszawa 1997, pp. 143-144.
  20. ^ B. Majewska – Maszkowska: Mecenat artystyczny Izabeli z Czartoryskich Lubomirskiej (1746–1816). Ossolineum, Wrocław 1976, pp. 17-96.
  21. ↑ MM Drozdowski, A. Zahorski: Historia Warszawy, Jeden Świat, Warsaw 2004, s. Passport.
  22. ↑ PS Szlezynger: Fundacje architektoniczne Stanisława Lubomirskiego wojewody i starosty generalnego Krakowskiego. Politechnika Krakowska , Kraków 1994, pp. 10-27.
  23. ↑ CK Norwid: kwiaty Białe. 3rd edition, checked and supplemented, PIW, Warsaw 1977, pass.
  24. ↑ A. Przyboś, Lubomirski Józef, [in:] Polski Słownik Biograficzny, written by E. Rostworowski, Vol. 18, PWN, Warsaw 1973, pp. 26-27.
  25. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives:, downloaded on October 18, 2011.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / czestochowa.miasto.biz
  26. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , downloaded October 18, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kompasturystyczny.pl
  27. ↑ http://www2.oss.wroc.pl/index.php/aktualnosci/historia-znio/ , downloaded on October 18, 2011. The name Orcio comes from the French Henry (read Auri).
  28. ↑ J. Bieniarzówna: Lubomirski Aleksander Ignacy [in:] Polski Słownik Biograficzny. written by E. Roztworowski, vol. 18 PWN, Warsaw 1973, p. 2.
  29. ↑ WH Melanowski: Dzieje Instytutu Oftalmicznego in. Edwarda ks. Lubomirskiego w Warszawie 1823–1944 Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie , Warsaw 1948, pass; H. Markiewiczowa, Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Dobroczynności 1814-1914. Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej, Warsaw 2002, pass; J. Skodlarski: Zarys historii gospodarczej Polski do 1945 roku. Ed. 2, expanded and improved, PWN, Warsaw 1997.
  30. ↑ K. Kowalska: Lubomirski Wladysław Emanuel. [in:] Polski Słownik Biograficzny , written by E. Rostworowski, Vol. 18, pp. 63–64.
  31. ^ H. Sachs: Artur Rubinstein. trans. by D. Chylińska, Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław 1999, pass.
  32. ↑ KRS 0000074334.
  33. ↑ H. Mordawski: Siły powietrzne w I wojnie światowej. Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław, 2008, pp. 45–46.
  34. ↑ "Monitor Polski" Dodatek nadzwyczajny, of 7 October 1918 no. 168, p. 1
  35. ↑ L. Królikowski, K. Oktabiński: Warszawa 1914-1920. Warszawa i okolice w latach walk o niepodległość i granice Rzeczypospolitej. Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne, Warsaw 2007, pass.
  36. ^ ZJ Winnicki: Rada Regencyjna Królestwa Polskiego i jej organy 917-1918. Wektory, Wrocław 1991.
  37. ↑ http://www.pkol.pl/pl/pages/display/15521 , downloaded on October 18, 2011.
  38. ↑ B. Prokopiński: Kolej Jabłonowska. WKŁ, Warsaw 2004; B. Prokopiński: Kolej grójecka. WKŁ, Warsaw 2002, B. Prokopiński: Kolej wilanowska. WKŁ, Warsaw 2001.
  39. ^ Z. Landau: Lubomirski Stanisław Sebastian. [in:] Polski Słownik Biograficzny. written by E. Roztworowski, Vol. 18, PWN, Warsaw 1973, pp. 56–58; B. Winiarski: Polityka gospodarcza. 3rd edition, PWN, Warsaw 2006, pp. 143–198.
  40. ↑ http://www.nw.com.pl/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=157&limitstart=30 , downloaded on October 18, 2011.
  41. ↑ E. Lubomirski: Kartki z życia mego. Polska Fundacja Kulturalna, Londyn 1982, pass.
  42. ↑ http://www.stalowka.net/encyklopedia.php?dx=111 , downloaded on October 18, 2011.
  43. ↑ http://www.fundacjaksiazatlubomirskich.pl
  44. ↑ fundacjaksiazatlubomirskich.pl, downloaded on October 18, 2011.
  45. ↑ Tomasz Lenczewski, Genealogie rodów utytułowanych w Polsce , Volume I, p. 45.