Lubomierz
| Lubomierz | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Lwówek Śląski | ||
| Area : | 8.05 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 1 ' N , 15 ° 31' E | ||
| Height : | 354 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 1979 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 59-623 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | ||
| License plate : | DLW | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 13 school authorities | ||
| Surface: | 130.39 km² | ||
| Residents: | 6192 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 47 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 0212023 | ||
| Administration (as of 2008) | |||
| Mayor : | Wiesław Ziółkowski | ||
| Address: | pl. Wolności 1 59-623 Lubomierz |
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| Website : | www.lubomierz.pl | ||
Lubomierz ( German Liebenthal ; 1945–1947 Polish Miłosna ) is a small town with around 2,000 inhabitants in the powiat Lwówecki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the capital of the town and country municipality of the same name , which belongs to the Euroregion Neisse .
Geographical location
The city is located in the southwest of Lower Silesia , about 40 km southeast of Görlitz and 18 km northwest of Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg) . The city extends in a valley of the Jizera Mountains foothills on the Ölse (Oľdza).
history
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The city owes its name to the Knights of Liebenthal, who were first recorded in 1251 and who owned land in the area. 1287 The widow Jutta von Liebenthal founded a Benedictine monastery, was expanded after which were dependent on him and the village in 1291 by Bolko I of Świdnica and Jawor the Magdeburg-Löwenberger town charter was awarded. In the same year Liebenthal was walled up.
The new city stretched along the Prague - Görlitz trade route , on which a long street market was laid out. In terms of importance, the city corresponded to a market town. Various privileges such as brewing and wine press rights or the linen trade, as well as the annual fair, allowed a certain upswing, which was slowed down by frequent fires. The city remained taxable to the monastery, which also had jurisdiction and influence on the city administration. The monastery church was also the seat of an Archipresbyterate .
Liebenthal belonged to the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer , which after the death of Duke Bolko II in 1368 fell to the Crown of Bohemia under inheritance law , with Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg being entitled to a lifelong usufruct . In 1408 the Bohemian King Wenceslaus IV confirmed the privileges. After the devastation of the Hussite Wars in 1426, a rifle brotherhood was founded. In 1526, Liebenthal and the Duchy of Schweidnitz passed to the Habsburgs in their capacity as kings of Bohemia. A school was founded in 1544. From the middle of the 16th century there was an economic boom due to the local linen weaving trade , which lasted until the Thirty Years War .
After the First Silesian War in 1742, Liebenthal fell to Prussia . In 1816 it was assigned to the Löwenberg district . In 1829 the city administration acquired the Dominium or Klostvorwerk Liebenthal for 50,000 Reichstaler . Even if the inhabitants of Liebenthal were almost entirely Catholic, the importance of Protestantism increased with Prussian rule. In the course of secularization , the Benedictine monastery was dissolved in 1810, but remained as the central monastery of the closed Silesian women's monasteries and was led by Ursulines from 1845 . In 1852 , Friedrich Wilhelm IV founded the Evangelical Church for the 150 Protestants from Liebenthal and the surrounding area . As early as 1843, the Ursulines had founded a girls' school with a boarding school. A Catholic teachers' college followed in 1863. The connection to the Greiffenberg - Löwenberg railway line in 1885 did little to change the rural town's low economic importance.
In 1945, the city belonged to Liebenthal district Lowenberg in district Liegnitz the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Reich .
Liebenthal was spared the direct effects of the Second World War and was only occupied by the Red Army after the German surrender on May 8, 1945 . The city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupation forces in the summer of 1945 and, based on the German place name, was given the Polish name Miłosna , which means "the lovely one" . It was not until 1947 that the place name Lubomierz , which has been retained today, came into use. After the German population was expelled from Liebenthal by the local Polish administrative authority, the previous population could only be regained slowly through the settlement of new Polish citizens. Some of these came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the " West displacement of Poland " . In the 1970s, the city fell into increasingly disrepair, so that the arbor houses on the northeast side of the ring in front of the parish church were demolished.
Today the high unemployment, which was 29.3% in 2006 in the powiat, and the emigration, which has been slowed down in the last few years, are among the problems of the community, which became from the situation apart from big industry and transport connections - the railroad traffic set - result. On the other hand, thanks to the beautiful landscape in front of the Jizera Mountains and the historical cityscape, which served as a backdrop for many films and series known in Poland (especially the series Sami swoi ), tourism is becoming increasingly important. The Polish Comedy Festival (Ogólnopolski Festiwal Filmów Komediowych) has been held every year since 1992 .
Population development
The population of the city according to the respective territorial status (more recent figures without urban and rural parishes):
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politics
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the city of Lubomierz shows a growing, green-clad bishop figure on a golden background, a red book in the right hand, a red crook in the left.
This representation can already be found in seals of the 15th century, where the bishop stands for the Holy Bishop Maternus , the patron of the Benedictine monastery and refers to the centuries-old connection between town and monastery.
Town twinning
On July 20, 2008 a partnership was concluded with the Saxon city of Wittichenau .
Attractions
Buildings
Market square and town hall
- The long market square (Rynek) , which rises to the west, is lined with town houses from the 16th to the 19th centuries - in the south with arbors. In the middle of the ring there are two blocks of houses, in the east of which the town hall occupies the front. Behind the town hall there is a small alleyway with candle arches and there is a damming column on the street corner . The square in front of the town hall (Niederring) is occupied by the baroque Marian column lined with four statues of saints, including that of Saint Rochus , and a balustrade , a foundation of the Tanner family, which commemorates an epidemic of 1613 that is said to have killed 989 citizens. With the Maternus fountain from 1712, which depicts Bishop Maternus on a winding column, there is another baroque monument between the two ring blocks (upper ring). Behind it stands the linen weaver's house - at its core a Renaissance building from the 16th century (including window frames), which houses the Muzeum Kargula i Pawlaka .
- The town hall is a simple building with a half-hipped roof and high flight of stairs, which owes its present shape to a renovation from 1837–39 after the town fire of 1802. Baroque, on the other hand, is the delicate roof turret with an onion hood .
Parish Church of St. Maternus and Monastery
- The former monastery church, the parish church of St. Maternus (Kościół Wniebowzięcia NMP i św. Maternusa) is the most important building in the city and one of the most important baroque buildings in Silesia. The former Benedictine monastery is located southwest of the church .
More church buildings
- The three-aisled cemetery church of St. Anna in the upper suburb (Górne Przedmieście) was built in 1668 and subsequently rebuilt several times. The interior is baroque. The burial chapel of the poet Christian Jakob Salice-Contessa from 1826 can be found in the cemetery .
- The Holy Cross Church in the Lower Suburb (Dolne Przedmieście), first mentioned in 1666, is said to have been built on the spot where the daughter of a councilor is said to have found a golden cross. Today's neo-Gothic hall with a turret was built after a fire in 1875.
- The neo-Gothic former Protestant church dates back to 1852, as does the attached Protestant school and the rectory. Today, the Galeria Za Miedzą is housed in the building complex .
Museums
- The Muzeum Kargula i Pawlaka on the market square was dedicated to the protagonists of the most famous of the films shot in Lubomierz, the series Sami swoi , the Kargul and Pawlak families, who were expelled from the Polish eastern regions and settled in former German regions . The wooden figures of the family fathers Kargul and Pawlak flank the entrance and the museum contains, among other things, original props.
sons and daughters of the town
- Jochen Hoffbauer (* 1923 Geppersdorf, † 2006 Kassel-Harleshausen), writer
- Rudolf Müller (* 1931 Schmottseiffen, † 2012 Görlitz), Bishop of Görlitz
- Günter Renner (* 1939 in Schmottseiffen, † 2005), lawyer, university professor and presiding judge at the Hessian Administrative Court
- Hieronymus Vietor (Binder, Böttcher, Büttner, * around 1480 Liebenthal, † 1546 Vienna), printer and publisher in Vienna and Cracow
- Friedrich Walitza (* 1892 Liebenthal, † 1962 Vienna), lawyer, general director of Erste Österreichische Sparkasse, general councilor of the Austrian National Bank
- Joseph Wiesner (* 1913 Liebenthal, † 1975 Lörrach), German classical archaeologist
local community
The urban and rural community of Lubomierz has around 6,200 inhabitants on an area of 130.39 km² and is divided into the following 13 districts in addition to the main town of the same name:
- Chmieleń (Langwasser)
- Golejów (Klein Röhrsdorf)
- Janice (Johnsdorf)
- Maciejowiec (Matzdorf)
- Milęcice (Geppersdorf)
- Oleszna Podgórska (Krummöls)
- Pasiecznik (Spiller)
- Pławna Dolna (street houses)
- Pławna Górna (Schmottseiffen)
- Pokrzywnik (Riemendorf)
- Popielówek (Hennersdorf)
- Radoniów (Ottendorf)
- Wojciechów (Ullersdorf-Liebenthal)
literature
- Dehio -Manual of Art Monuments in Poland: Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich, Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-422-03109-X
- Zbigniew Dygdałowicz, Eginbert Faßnacht: Lubomierz - Kronika z wieży ratusza. Liebenthal - The chronicle from the town hall tower. Polish and German, translation: Kamil Basiński. AD REM, Jelenia Góra 2014. ISBN 978-83-64313-35-6
Web links
- Lubomierz na portalu polska-org.pl
- City's website
- karkonosze.info.pl
- The place Krummöls
Liebenthal . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 10, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 772.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b cf. Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845 ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b c d Cf. karkonosze.info.pl ; down. on March 29, 2008
- ↑ a b Cf. sudety.it ( Memento of the original from May 10, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; down. on March 29, 2008
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Sources of population figures :
- 1845: [1] - 1885 [2] - 1900: [3] - 1933, 1939: PhD Michael Rademacher: Landkreis Löwenberg (Polish: Lwówek Slaski) ( Memento from May 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) - 1910: [4] - 1969: Heinz Rudolf Fritsche: Guide to Silesia. Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996 - 1980: Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN - 1995, 2000, 2005: Link ( Memento from February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ See lubomierz.legnica.opoka.org.pl ; down. on March 29, 2008
- ↑ Muzeum Kargula i Pawlaka ( Memento from June 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
Cities: Gryfów Śląski (Greiffenberg i. Schles.) | Lubomierz (Liebenthal) | Lwówek Śląski (Löwenberg i. Silesia) | Mirsk (Friedeberg a. Queis) | Wleń (Lähn)