Mirsk

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Mirsk
Mirsk coat of arms
Mirsk (Poland)
Mirsk
Mirsk
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Lwówek Śląski
Area : 14.65  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 58 ′  N , 15 ° 23 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 23 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 358 m npm
Residents : 3886
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 59-630
Telephone code : (+48) 75
License plate : DLW
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 18 districts
Surface: 186.57 km²
Residents: 8622
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 46 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0212043
Administration (as of 2014)
Mayor : Andrzej Jasiński
Address: pl. Wolności 39
59-630 Mirsk
Website : www.mirsk.pl



Mirsk [ mjirsk ] (German Friedeberg / Isergebirge , formerly Friedeberg am Queis ) is a town in the powiat Lwówecki ( Löwenberger district ) in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . It is the capital of the town and country municipality of the same name .

Geographical location

Friedeberg ( Friedebg. ) Southwest of Löwenberg on a map from 1905
Bird's eye view of the city

The city is located in western Lower Silesia , 34 kilometers southeast of Görlitz and 25 kilometers northwest of Jelenia Góra ( Hirschberg ), near the border with the Czech Republic . The border crossing Czerniawa-Zdrój ( Bad Schwarzbach ) is about ten kilometers away. The city extends in a valley of the Jizera foothills on the left bank of the Queis .

history

town hall
Development on the ring
Parish Church of the Annunciation
Tower of the Evangelical Church
Commercial building, built in 1898

Friedeberg originally belonged to the Bohemian Queiskreis , which lay to the left of the Queis up to its bend to the north (near Marklissa ) and belonged to Upper Lusatia , the southeasternmost tip of which it formed. It is said to go back to a settlement that arose at the Queis crossing of the Zittau - Hirschberg trade route and was named "Owl Village" after the owl in the coat of arms of the first bailiff , Bernard Rym.

In place of this settlement, probably under Duke Heinrich I von Jauer , who owned the Queiskreis from 1319 until his death in 1346, before 1337 the town of "Fridberg" was established. It was planned as a colonist town in the strategically important area of ​​the Preseka on the border with Silesia and given Löwenberg town charter. Although the Queiskreis after the death of Duke Henry in 1346 as a completed fief to the crown of Bohemia home fell , Friedeberg was now the only place of Queiskreises the Duchy of Jawor expected, possibly a reference to the city's founding by Duke Henry. After 1346 it received the ducal privilege to serve beer as well as the coat of arms used until today. Since Duke Heinrich I died without descendants, his part-duchy of Jauer fell to his nephew Bolko II , who united it with his duchy of Schweidnitz. After his death in 1368, which was also childless, Friedeberg and the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer fell under inheritance law to the Crown of Bohemia, with the Dowager Duchess Agnes von Habsburg being entitled to a lifelong usufruct . Only after her death in 1392 could the Bohemian King Wenceslaus , who was a son of Bolkos II's niece Anna von Schweidnitz , inherit the now Bohemian hereditary principality Schweidnitz-Jauer. From around 1400 Friedeberg belonged to the manor of Greiffenstein , which was owned by Governor Benesch von Chusnik , who pledged it to Gotsche II Schof , from whom it was acquired in 1419 together with the city of Friedeberg. In 1521, the Bohemian King Ludwig II authorized the city ​​to hold a fair .

After the First Silesian War in 1742, Friedeberg and most of Silesia fell to Prussia . It was only after the wooden town was burned down again in 1767 that it was made of stone. At the end of the 18th century there were 341 private houses in the city. In the course of the Prussian administrative reforms, Friedeberg was incorporated into the Löwenberg district in 1816 , with which it remained connected until 1945.

The city's economic development remained low. The linen trade and stocking knitting gained importance in the 18th century. In the 19th century, industrialization led to an economic boom, which was further promoted with the connection to the Greiffenberg – Friedeberg railway line in 1884 . 1904 Friedeberg was a station on the railway line to the north Bohemian Heinersdorf a. d. Tafelfichte and in 1909 it was the starting station of the Isergebirgsbahn to Bad Flinsberg . In 1934, Friedeberg am Queis was renamed Friedeberg (Jizera Mountains) .

In 1945 Friedeberg belonged to the Löwenberg district in the Liegnitz district of the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Empire .

At the end of the Second World War , Friedeberg and most of Silesia were occupied by the Red Army on May 8, 1945 . Then the city was placed under Polish administration and renamed. Poles immigrated and the German residents were expelled from Friedeberg by the local Polish administrative authorities . Based on the German place name, the Poles first introduced the name Spokojna Góra for the city, which means "calm mountain". The name “Mirsk”, which is derived from the Russian word for peace “Mir”, was introduced in 1947. Although the city was not destroyed in the Second World War and the previous economic sectors were continued, the city experienced an urban decline and decay. Rail traffic to Jindřichovice pod Smrkem in Czechoslovakia was discontinued, as were all other rail connections later. In 1961 the village of Skarbków ( Graeflich Röhrsdorf) was incorporated into the city.

After the political change in Poland in 1989, many of the local businesses became unprofitable and had to be closed. In 1991, the town and country municipality of Mirsk joined the Neisse Euroregion . After the end of the socialist exploitation of raw materials in the Jizera Mountains, the city with its well-preserved old town and the charming landscape could be opened up for tourism. In 2007, a 2.4 km long and 40 m wide ski slope with a chairlift was built, which begins in the nearby Świeradów-Zdrój and runs through the Mirsk municipality.

In the area of ​​the village of Giehren, tin ores and small amounts of silver that had previously been discovered by miners from Joachimstal were mined from the 16th century . The Habsburg Emperor issued on July 20, 1587 the "Imperial Rudolph'sche Bergprivilegium" for those coming miners a settlement "was specially Bergfreiheit Greiffenthal" founded, in which it the special Mountain jurisdiction were subject, but significantly more rights than the largely serfs residents enjoyed the surrounding villages. The yields were rather low, however, and mining largely came to a standstill in the 19th century.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1885 2.712
1890 2,670 thereof 2,165 Evangelicals, 466 Catholics and 18 Jews
1910 2,553
1933 3,746
1939 2,882
1970 4,390
1983 ~ 4,200
2000 4,250
2012 8,883

Town twinning

The city of Mirsk has partnerships with the following cities:

There is also a collaboration with the following locations:

Attractions

  • The parish church of the Annunciation , mentioned in 1346, was rebuilt in the late Gothic style by the landlords Schaffgotsch in 1562–1567 and then served as a Protestant church until 1654. The three-aisled church interior is spanned by a six-bay ribbed vault. The onion dome helmet of the bell tower attached to the side and the interior are from the Baroque era . The late baroque main altar was created in the second half of the 18th century. The altarpiece was created by the painter Julius Schneider in 1858. One of the side altars from the second half of the 18th century received a painting copy of Our Lady from the Vilna Gate of Dawn after 1945 .
  • The town hall on the Ring was built in Renaissance style after 1546 and rebuilt after a fire in 1794/95. In 1805 it was increased by one storey and in 1867 the east wing was added. On the main facade there are cartouches of the coat of arms of the Lords of Schaffgotsch and Zedlitz .
  • The ring and the streets branching off from here line town houses from the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • The Evangelical Church was built in 1768 and supplemented by a high front tower in 1881. After the evacuation of the mostly Protestant German residents, the unused building fell into disrepair, burned down in 1956 and now defines the cityscape as a ruin.
  • The St. Barbara cemetery chapel was created in 1502 and rebuilt after a fire in 1699 at the beginning of the 18th century. The neo-baroque interior dates from the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1902 and 1922 repairs were carried out as a foundation by the Lords of Schaffgotsch.

local community

The urban and rural community of Mirsk has around 9,000 inhabitants on an area of ​​186.57 km² and, in addition to the main town of the same name, is divided into the following districts:

  • Brzeziniec (Birkicht)
  • Gajówka (Hayne)
  • Giebułtów (Gebhardsdorf)
  • Gierczyn (yaw or pour)
  • Grudza (Birngrütz)
  • Kamień (stones)
  • Karłowiec (Karlsberg)
  • Kłopotnica (New Care )
  • Kotlina (Regensberg)
  • Krobica (Krobsdorf)
  • Kwieciszowice ( flower village )
  • Mlądz (Mühldorf)
  • Mroczkowice (Egelsdorf)
  • Orłowice (Count Ullersdorf)
  • Proszowa (Count of Kunzendorf)
  • Przecznica (Querbach)
  • Rębiszów (Rabishau)

sons and daughters of the town

literature

Web links

Commons : Mirsk  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Fridberg in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

Population numbers
  1. ↑ Friedeberg . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 6, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 688.
  2. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Löwenberg district (Polish Lwówek Slaski). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  3. ^ Löwenberg district. gemeindeververzeichnis.de, accessed on November 12, 2013 .
  4. ^ Heinz Rudolf Fritsche: Silesia signpost. Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996
  5. ^ Encyclopedia Powszechna PWN
other sources
  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Heinz Rudolf Fritsche: Silesia signpost. Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996
  3. ^ Johann Adam Valentin Weigel: Geographical, natural historical and technological description of the sovereign Duchy of Silesia . Volume 2, Berlin 1800, p. 199.
  4. ↑ Rolf Jehke: City of Friedeberg (Isergeb.). territorial.de, January 1, 2003, accessed March 29, 2008 .
  5. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. loewenberg.html # ew39lwbgfriede. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ Statystyczne Vademecum Samorządowca Mirsk