Ludwig II (Bohemia and Hungary)

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Ludwig II of Bohemia and Hungary
Signature Ludwig II. (Bohemia and Hungary) .PNG
Maximilian I and his family (front right Ludwig II, Maximilian's grandson)

Ludwig II (Czech Ludvík Jagellonský , Hungarian II. Lajos , Croatian Ludovik II ; * July 1, 1506 in Ofen , † August 29, 1526 at Mohács ) was King of Bohemia , Hungary and Croatia from the originally Polish-Lithuanian family of Jagiellonian . He was the second and last independent ruler of these empires, which passed to the Austrian Habsburgs on his untimely death . After the defeat of the Hungarians against the Ottomans in the Battle of Mohács, he died in retreat.

Life

His father, the Bohemian and Hungarian King Vladislav II , promised him Maria of Hungary , the granddaughter of Emperor Maximilian I, even before his birth . On July 22, 1515, the famous double wedding took place in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , which he and his sister Anna attended Partners from the House of Habsburg were married. Ludwig II began his rule in both Bohemia and Hungary at the age of ten in 1516 after the death of his father. The affairs of state in Hungary were initially carried out by a Regency Council under the direction of the Reich Administrator Johann Zápolya . After Emperor Maximilian's death in 1519, Georg von Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach , a cousin of Ludwig and an early follower of Martin Luther , took over the guardianship and thus also the upbringing (Georg's mother and Ludwig's father were siblings). The appointment of Utraquists to the Bohemian royal offices by Ludwig was less an expression of religious tolerance than domestic political intentions and the exchange of the ruling class.

In January 1522 Ludwig was declared of legal age and crowned King of Hungary in Stuhlweissenburg . He took over a country that had been weakened and divided by power struggles and the Hungarian peasant uprising of 1514 , since Matthias Corvinus no longer had a standing army and whose southern borders were severely threatened by the Ottoman Empire . He had the support of his energetic and politically gifted wife, who asked her two brothers Karl V and Ferdinand I for military support, but in vain. In the end he did not succeed in arming his country against the attack of the Turks and in asserting himself against the stubborn imperial estates .

On August 26, 1526, the poorly armed Hungarian army faced a towering military power of the Ottomans in the Battle of Mohács. The Hungarians were completely wiped out. Ludwig was able to be saved from the fray by some loyal followers, but drowned while fleeing in the Csele ( ung. Csele-patak) stream, a tributary of the Danube . His body was not found until two months later.

After his death, a fight for the Hungarian crown broke out between Johann Zápolya and Ferdinand I , in which the Bohemian nobleman Zdeniek Lev von Rosental was also involved. The dispute could only be ended 12 years later in the Peace of Great Oradin. The areas ruled by Johann Zápolya should therefore fall to the rightful King Ferdinand I (Ludwig's heir) on his death , which also happened in 1540.

progeny

  • With his wife Maria of Hungary (* 1505, † 1558) he had no descendants
  • From the connection with his mistress Angelitha Wass (*?, † after 1521) he had an illegitimate son Johann (* around 1521 in Ofen, † after 1580 in Pressburg )

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Władysław II Jagiełło (1348–1434)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Casimir IV Jagiełło (1427–1492)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophie Holszańska (1405–1461)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vladislav II (Bohemia and Hungary) (1456–1516)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Albrecht II (HRR) (1397–1439)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Elisabeth von Habsburg (1437–1505)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Elisabeth of Luxembourg (1409–1442)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ludwig II (Bohemia and Hungary) (1506–1526)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jean IV. De Foix-Grailly († 1485)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gaston II. De Foix-Candale († 1500)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Margarethe de la Pole
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anne de Foix-Candale (1484–1506)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gaston IV (Foix) (1423-1472)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Catharine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eleanor of Navarre (1425–1479)
 
 
 
 
 
 

literature

Web links

Commons : Ludwig II (Bohemia and Hungary)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Klein: Historical thinking and class criticism from an apocalyptic perspective . Hamm 2004, p. 104 ( PDF, 841 kB [accessed on February 20, 2013] dissertation at the Fernuni Hagen ).
  2. ↑ Michael Klein: Historical thinking and class criticism from an apocalyptic perspective . Hamm 2004, p. 101 ( PDF, 841 kB [accessed on February 20, 2013] dissertation at the Fernuni Hagen ).
  3. ↑ Angelitha Wass was the maid of his mother, Queen Anne de Foix-Candale (* ~ 1484, † 1506); quoted after Sándor Takáts: II. Lajos Király fia (German: "The son of King Ludwig II." ), in Századok 37, born in 1903, pp. 183-185 (Hungarian)
  4. ↑ Johann lived in Pressburg, his ancestry from the house of the Jagiellonians was never legalized. But it is said that he was regularly supported financially by his aunt, Anna Jagiello . Johann left numerous descendants.
predecessor Office successor
Vladislav II. King of Bohemia
1516–1526 		Ferdinand I.
Vladislav II. King of Hungary
1516–1526 		Ferdinand I.
Vladislav II. King of Croatia and Slavonia
1516–1526 		Ferdinand I.
personal data
SURNAME Ludwig II.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Hungary and Bohemia
DATE OF BIRTH July 1, 1506
PLACE OF BIRTH oven
DATE OF DEATH August 29, 1526
Place of death at Mohács