List of rulers of Croatia

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Princes

Princes in Syrmia (7th century)

Surname Domination Remarks
Kuver 635-678 / 680 Bulgarian Khanate of Syrmia (Pannonia), vassal of the Avars

from 784 establishment of the West Bulgarian Empire in West Macedonia / Albania

Princes of Pannonian Croatia (8th-9th centuries)

Surname Domination Remarks
Vojnomir 791 – around 810 791 to the Frankish Empire, between 796 and 799 to the Byzantine Empire
Ljudevit around 810-823 812 to the Byzantine Empire
Ratimir 829-838 835 Attempted conquest by the Duke of Bavaria
Braslav 880 – around 896

Princes of Dalmatian Croatia (7th – 10th centuries)

Surname Domination Remarks
Višeslav around 800– around 810 not at Džino 2010
Borna at 810-821 Uncle of Ljudevit, from 820 dux Dalmatiae in Nin, vassal of the Franks
Vladislav 821-828? not in Fine 1991 (see literature)
Mislav / Mojslav 829? –842? not in Fine 1991 (see literature)
Trpimir I. 842? –864? or 845-864 Trpimirović dynasty , from 852 dux Chroatorum , first mention of the Croats
(Krešimir?) (850–860) after Mužić 2007; as questionable at Džino 2010; not in Fine 1991 (see literature)
(Miroslav?) (860–864) after Mužić 2007; as questionable at Džino 2010; not in Fine 1991 (see literature)
Zdeslav 864 not in Džino 2010 (see literature)
Domagoj 864-876 or 864-878 House Domagojević , piracy of the Venetians (Latin: pessimus Sclavorum dux)
Son of Domagoj (Ilko / Iljko?) 876 or 878 House Domagojević ,
Zdeslav 876-879 or 878-879 again
Branimir 879-892 House Domagojević , dux Croatorum
Mutimir around 892–910? Trpimirović dynasty , brother of Zdeslav
Tomislav 910? -925 House Domagojević

Kings

Kings of Croatia (10th to 11th centuries)

Surname Domination Remarks
Tomislav I
(† March 11, 928) 		around 910-928 925 called rex croatorum . After his death, civil wars weaken the state.
Trpimir II. 928-935 Younger brother of Tomislav I.
Krešimir I. the Elder 935-945 Son of Trpimir II.
Miroslav I. 945-949 Son of Krešimir I.
Mihajlo Krešimir II. 949-969 Miroslav's younger brother.
Stjepan Držislav
(† 997) 		969-997 Son of Mihajlo Krešimir II , king around 988
Queen Jelena of Zadar 969-8. November 975 Wife of Mihaljo Kresimir II.
Svetoslav Suronja 997-1000 Son of Stjepan Držislav
Krešimir III. 997-1030 Younger brother of Svetoslav Suronja
Gojslav 997-1020 Younger brother of Svetoslav Suronja
Byzantine Emperor Basil II
(* 958; † December 15, 1025) 		1019-1025 Croatia under the rule of the Byzantine emperor
Stjepan I. 1030-1058 Son of Krešimir III.
Peter Krešimir IV. 1058-1074 Son of Stjepan I.
Dmitar Zvonimir
(† April 20, 1089) 		1075-1089 Cousin of Petar Krešimir IV ; married to Helena , daughter of King Béla I of Hungary; after his death disputes over the throne begin; a group around Zvonimir's widow Helena calls her brother, Ladislaus I († June 20, 1095) , King of Hungary since 1077, into the country, who claims the Croatian royal dignity for the Árpáden
Stjepan II. 1089 – December 1090 last ruler from the Trpimirovići dynasty ; Son of Častimir which the younger brother of Petar Kresimir IV. Was
Álmos
(* approx. 1074/1075; † 1127/1129) 		1091-1093 / 1095 Nephew of Ladislaus I of Hungary ; was installed there as ruler after a successful campaign to Croatia in 1091
Petar Svačić
(† 1097) 		1093-1097 fought against the Hungarian kings for rule over Croatia

Kings of Croatia at the time of the state union with Hungary (1102–1526)

Árpáden

Surname Domination Remarks
Koloman of Hungary
(around 1070 - 1116) 		1102-1116 King of Hungary since 1095/1096; defeated an army of Croatian nobles who supported Petar Svačić in the battle of Gvozd Mountain (possibly today's Petrova Gora ) in 1097 ; probably crowned king of Dalmatia and Croatia in 1102
Stephan III.
(* around 1101 - † April 3, 1131) 		1116-1131
Bela II.
(Around 1110 - 13 February 1141) 		1131-1141
Géza II
(* 1130; † 1162) 		1141-1162
Stephan V
(* 1147 - † March 4, 1172) 		1162-1172
Bela III.
(* around 1148 - † April 24, 1196) 		1172-1196
Emmerich
(* 1174; † 1204) 		1196-1204
Ladislaus III.
(* 1199 or 1201; † May 7, 1205) 		1204-1205
Andreas I.
(* around 1177; † 1235) 		1205-1235
Bela IV.
(November 1206 - May 3, 1270) 		1235-1270
Stephan VI.
(* 1239- † August 6, 1272) 		1270-1272
Ladislaus III.
(1262–10 July 1290) 		1272-1290
Andreas II
(around 1265 - 14 January 1301) 		1290-1301

Anjou

Surname Domination Remarks
Charles I
(* 1288; † July 16, 1342) 		1301-1342
Ludwig I
(March 5, 1326 - September 10, 1382) 		1342-1382
Maria
(1371--17 May 1395) 		1382-1385
Charles II
(* 1345 - † February 24, 1386) 		1385-1386

Different dynasties

Surname Domination Remarks
Sigismund
(February 15, 1368 - December 9, 1437) 		1387-1437 Luxembourger (husband of Maria v. Anjou)
Albrecht
(born August 16, 1397 - † October 27, 1439) 		1437-1439 Habsburg (son-in-law of Sigismund)
Elisabeth
(February 28, 1409 - December 19, 1442) 		1439-1440 Luxembourger (widow of the previous one)
Vladislav I
(born October 31, 1424 - † November 10, 1444) 		1440-1444 Jagiellone (King of Poland; elected by the Hungarian nobility)
Ladislaus V. Postumus
(February 22, 1440 - November 23, 1457) 		1444-1457 Habsburg (son of Albrecht and Elisabeth)
Matthias Corvinus
(February 23, 1443 - April 6, 1490) 		1458-1490 (elected by the Hungarian nobility)
Vladislav II
(March 1, 1456 - March 13, 1516) 		1490-1516 Jagiellone (King of Bohemia; elected by the Hungarian nobility)
Ludwig II
(July 1, 1506 - August 29, 1526) 		1516-1526 Jagiellone (son of Vladislav II.)
Johann Zápolya
(* 1487; † July 22, 1540) 		1527-1540 (elected by the Slavonian nobility)

Kings of Croatia at the time of the state union with Hungary and the Austrian countries (1527-1918)

Habsburgs

Surname Domination Remarks
Ferdinand I
(March 10, 1503 - July 25, 1564) 		1527-8. September 1563
Maximilian
(born July 31, 1527 - † October 12, 1576) 		September 8, 1563-1576 Coronation in Pressburg
Rudolf
(July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612) 		1576-1608
Matthias II
(February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619) 		1608-1619
Ferdinand II
(July 9, 1578 - February 15, 1637) 		1619-1637
Ferdinand III.
(July 13, 1608 - April 2, 1657) 		1637-1657
Leopold I
(June 9, 1640 - May 5, 1705) 		1657-1705
Joseph I.
(born July 26, 1678 - † April 17, 1711) 		1705-1711
Charles III
(October 1, 1685 - October 20, 1740) 		1711-1740
Maria Theresa
(born May 13, 1717 - † November 29, 1780) 		1740-1780

Habsburg-Lorraine

Surname Domination Remarks
Joseph II
(March 13, 1741 - February 20, 1790) 		1780-1790
Leopold II
(May 5, 1747 - March 1, 1792) 		1790-1792
Franz I
(February 12, 1768 - March 2, 1835) 		1792-1835
Ferdinand V
(April 19, 1793 - June 29, 1875) 		1835-1848
Franz Joseph I
(August 18, 1830 - November 21, 1916) 		1848-1916
Charles IV
(born August 17, 1887 - April 1, 1922) 		1916-1918

Croatia in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)

After a brief period of autocracy, Croatia becomes part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Croatia in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1941)

In 1929 the state was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Titular King of Croatia at the time of the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)

After the invasion of Yugoslavia by German and Italian troops in 1941, the Independent State of Croatia was proclaimed, which was a formally independent state structure, but which was dependent on the Axis powers.

See also

Web links

literature

  • Danijel Džino: Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia (=  East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages . Band 12 ). BRILL, 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-18646-0 ( online ).
  • Ivan Mužić: Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća (=  Biblioteka Povjesnice Hrvata . Volume 3 ). 2nd increased edition. Matica Hrvatska, Split 2007, p. 182-187 ( online [PDF]).
  • Michael F. Feldkamp: regent lists and family tables on the history of Europe: From the Middle Ages to the present (=  Reclams Universal Library . Volume 17034 ). Reclam, 2002, ISBN 978-3-15-017034-2 .
  • John Van Antwerp Fine Jr .: The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century . University of Michigan Press, Michigan 1991, Rulers of Croatia: Dalmatian Croatia, p. 296 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i John Van Antwerp Fine Jr .: The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century . University of Michigan Press, Michigan 1991, Rulers of Croatia: Dalmatian Croatia, p. 296 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Danijel Džino: Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia (=  East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages . Band 12 ). BRILL, 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-18646-0 , APPENDIX: LIST OF DALMATIAN RULERS, p. 218 .