Álmos (Croatia)

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Álmos ['a: lmoʃ] ( Croatian Almoš , Slovak Álmoš ; * around 1074/1075; † around 1127/1129) was Duke of Croatia from 1084 to 1091, King of Croatia from 1091 to 1095 and the last Duke from 1095 to 1108 of the Slovak Duchy of Nitra .

family

Álmos was a son of the Hungarian king Géza I and the Greek princess Synadene of Byzantium . In August 1104 he married Pre (d) slava, the daughter of the Kiev Grand Duke Svyatopolk II Izjaslavich. They had three children: Adelhaid , Hedvig (also called Sophia ) and Béla , who later became King of Hungary.

Life

In 1091 he took part in the campaign against Croatia led by King Ladislaus and was made king of this newly conquered part of the country. Ladislaus had installed Álmos as king in Slavonia to show that he did not want to annex this part of Croatia. When Ladislaus' campaign against Croatia was unsuccessful, Ladislaus annexed Slavonia for Hungary. Álmos should renounce his title of king and take on the title of duke.

In 1095 Ladislaus Álmos was appointed heir to the throne. His brother Koloman couldn't accept it. A dispute broke out between Ladislaus and Koloman and Koloman fled to Poland. After Ladislaus' death, Álmos and Koloman were reconciled. Koloman became King of Hungary and Álmos became Prince of the Principality of Neutra.

In 1098 a new conflict arose between Koloman, who was supported by the Pope, and Álmos, who was supported by Germany ( Henry IV called him his loyal friend) and Bohemia. a. because Koloman proclaimed himself King of Croatia in 1097 (coronation only in 1102, after he had previously surrendered the territory to Venice). For the fighting, Álmos got help from the Holy Roman Empire , Poland and Bohemia .

In 1108 the two brothers made peace, but Koloman injured him and had Almos and his son Béla (the future king Béla II ) blinded in 1108 or 1109 and locked up in the monastery of Dömös to prevent disputes over the throne. The execution of the two could be avoided through the mediation of the monks.

The blind Álmos managed to escape in 1126 . He found protection at the court of the Byzantine emperor John II , whose wife was the daughter of Ladislaus I. In the Byzantine Empire Álmos lived under the name of Constantine . He died in 1127 or 1129. His remains were transferred to Székesfehérvár in 1137 .

literature

personal data
SURNAME Álmos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Álmoš (Croatian, Slovak)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke and King of Croatia and Prince / Duke of the Principality of Neutra (now Slovakia)
DATE OF BIRTH around 1075
DATE OF DEATH around 1129