Géza I.

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Géza I.
Géza I. Lithograph by Josef Kriehuber after a drawing by Moritz von Schwind , ca.1828

Géza I (around 1044 to 1048 ; † April 25, 1077 ) from the Arpáden family was Duke of the Duchy of Nitra (1060 to 1074) and King of Hungary (1074 to 1077). He was the son of King Béla I and Ryksa , a Polish princess. Géza was born during his father's stay in Poland.

Life

Géza returned from Poland with his father in 1048. At first he and his brother Ladislaus did not contradict the coronation of their cousin Salomon , but in 1059, after an unsuccessful coup in Tiszavárkony , the two brothers and their father had to flee to Poland. From there they successfully attacked Hungary with Polish troops and in 1061 Béla I was crowned.

After the death of Béla I in 1063, the anti-king Solomon returned to Hungary with German troops. After clashes during the coronation, the brothers fled to Poland and returned from there with troops. After short battles, in the Győr Peace of June 20, 1064, Géza and his brothers Ladislaus and Lambert assured Salomon of the Hungarian royal dignity. In return, Salomon recognized the duchies of Gézas and his brothers.

On April 11th, Géza personally crowned Solomon, later he repeated this act in the presence of Henry IV , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in Székesfehérvár .

The thus reunited royal family fought successful battles against the Greeks and the Pechenegs in 1071 . In 1072 the Greek troops regained Nándorfehérvár (now Belgrade ). Géza left the fighting in the south of Hungary at this time to prepare an uprising against Solomon. In 1073 the brothers held a final meeting on Graner Island before fighting broke out between them the following year.

In 1074 Géza managed to take power in central Hungary and ascend the throne. Solomon fled to the western border areas, from where he unsuccessfully tried to regain power. He asked Heinrich IV for help, but at the instigation of Pope Gregory VII the emperor did not intervene. Pope Gregory VII commissioned Géza demonstratively to protect Hungary on March 23, 1075, while he excommunicated Henry on February 22, 1076.

Géza recognized the Byzantine Emperor Michael VII as king . Géza I died on April 25, 1077. His brother Ladislaus I succeeded him .

Géza had two children from his first wife Sophie von Looz , including Koloman , the future king. Géza's second wife was Synadene of Byzantium , the niece of the Greek general and later emperor Nikeforos Botaneiates .

literature

  • János M. Bak: Géza I. In: Mathias Bernath, Felix von Schroeder (Hrsg.): Biographical lexicon for the history of Southeast Europe. Volume 2. Munich 1976, pp. 45–46 [online edition] ( online )

Web links

Commons : Géza I of Hungary  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pál Engel: The realm of St. Stephen. A history of medieval Hungary, 895–1526 (= International Library of Historical Studies. Volume 19.) IB Tauris, London / New York, NY 2005, ISBN 1-85043-977-X , p. 32. ( books.google. de )
  2. ↑ Arpad. (PDF) at research.uni-leipzig.de
  3. ^ Eugen Boshof: Southern Europe in the late Salier period. In: Werner Goez, Klaus Herbers (ed.): Europe at the turn of the 11th to the 12th century. Contributions in honor of Werner Goez. Steiner, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-515-07752-9 , p. 72. ( books.google.de )
  4. ^ Byzantine princesses in Hungary between 1050–1200. (PDF) on epa.oszk.hu
predecessor Office successor
Solomon King of Hungary
1074-1077 		Ladislaus I.
personal data
SURNAME Géza I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Hungary
DATE OF BIRTH 1048
DATE OF DEATH April 25, 1077