Győr

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Győr
Győr coat of arms
Győr (Hungary)
Győr
Győr
Basic data
State : Hungary
Region : Western Transdanubia
County : Győr-Moson-Sopron
Small area until December 31, 2012 : Győr
Coordinates : 47 ° 41 ′  N , 17 ° 38 ′  E Coordinates: 47 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 38 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 118  m
Area : 174.61  km²
Residents : 131,267 (Jan. 1, 2011)
Population density : 752 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+36) 96
Postal code : 9000-9030
KSH kódja: 25584
Structure and administration (status: 2014)
Community type : city
Structure : 21 districts
Mayor : Csaba András Dézsi (Fidesz-KDNP)
Postal address : Városház tér 1
9021 Győr
Website :
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal )
The Győr Basilica, below the Széchenyi tér (Széchenyi Square)
Győr, Carmelite Church with a former monastery on Wienertor Square (to the right of the bridge)

Győr ( ˈɟøːr ; pronunciation ? / I ; German Raab , Slovakian Ráb , Latin antiquity: Arrabona , Middle Ages: Jaurinum, Jaurium, Javarinum, Jurinum ) is a western Hungarian city with about 130,000 inhabitants. The city has county rights . It is located in western Pannonia , the Little Hungarian Plain . Here the Raab flows into the Mosoni Duna ( Moson-Danube or Little Danube), a right branch of the Danube . Audio file / audio sample  

history

In ancient times there was a Roman settlement of Arrabona in the area of ​​Győr . The name “Raab” is derived from this. The diocese and burgraviate were founded in the 10th century, and town charter followed in 1271. Győr was one of the last outposts outside Vienna during the Turkish wars and was therefore of inestimable military importance. Against this background, Raab was expanded into a fortress according to plans by the Italian builders Pietro Ferrabosco and Bernardo Gaballio . In the Győr Lapidarium there are also fragments of the Vienna Gate (Bécsi-kapu), a triumphal arch-like Renaissance portal, the imperial crown, the royal Hungarian coat of arms, all made of the hard, white imperial stone from Imperial Quarry (Hungarian: Császárkőbánya ).

The fortification of the city was completed in 1564 under the care of Hermes Schallautzer . During the Long Turkish War , Raab was conquered by the Ottomans in 1594 , but was recaptured by Adolf von Schwarzenberg in 1598 - an event that was given such importance that upon orders from Rudolf II , Raab crosses with the inscription “Tell God, the Lord "Praise and thanks that Raab will come back in the hand of Christians" were established, which you can still find today, especially in Lower Austria.

After the Ottoman army was repulsed in the second siege of Vienna in 1683, Raab flourished. In 1712 King Charles III awarded the city's market rights , Queen Maria Theresa confirmed Raab in 1743 as a royal free city (Hungarian: Szabad királyi város ). This resulted in a rapid upswing. In western and northern Hungary, i.e. in the predominantly Catholic parts of the country, bishops' residences displayed the triumph of the Counter Reformation with self - satisfaction and pride. In 1742, construction work began on the palace of the archabbots of the Pannonhalma Territorial Abbey near Győr . Johann Heinrich Mulartz built the hospital in a suburb in 1749. In 1718 a Jesuit academy was founded in Győr, which offered philosophical and legal training and to which secular students were also admitted from 1745. The Győr Royal Academy was founded in 1776. Antal and Ferenc Deák , among others, studied here . In 1809 the battle of Raab took place. As a result, the city was besieged by the French and had to surrender. In 1876 a railway connection was opened between Győr and Sopron (German Ödenburg), which was extended in 1879 in the second section to Ebenfurth ( Győr – Sopron – Ebenfurth railway ). In the 19th century, a textile and mechanical engineering industry developed that still exists today.

The reconstruction after the Second World War was difficult due to the location near the border at the Iron Curtain . Today Győr has about 130,000 inhabitants and three universities and is the seat of the Győr-Moson-Sopron County (Raab-Wieselburg-Ödenburg). The city is the seat of a Catholic diocese .

Since the opening of the borders, the city has been politically and economically advantageous in the focus of the city triangle Vienna - Budapest - Bratislava (Pressburg). It has been part of the Centrope European region since 2003 . Győr is also located on the Magistrale for Europe , an important trans-European project with which a high-speed rail line between Paris and Budapest should be realized by 2015 .

economy

Győr is one of the most important industrial locations in the country.

Audi Hungaria

Győr has been the location of Audi Hungaria Motor (AHM), the engine plant of Audi AG , since 1993 . At the end of 2015, according to its own information, AHM employed 11,411 people in Győr. a. 2,022,520 engines and 160,206 cars in 2015. The engines are installed in models from Audi , VW , Škoda , Seat and Porsche , among others .

The Audi TT and, since 2007, the Audi A3 Cabriolet have also been assembled in the plant. In 2013 the plant was expanded. Since then, the Audi A3 Sedan and the Audi A3 Cabriolet have been completely produced there. The new Audi TT followed in the course of 2014. In 2015 - as in previous years - the company was Hungary's largest exporter.

Märklin

In addition, the Göppingen model railway manufacturer Märklin has one of its two production sites in Győr. This is where the 1-gauge products, since 2008 the Lehmann-Groß-Bahn (LGB) and since 2009 some of the cars for the nominal size H0 (formerly the Sonneberg plant ) are produced.

Rába

Founded in 1896 as a mechanical engineering company, Rába is now a commercial vehicle manufacturer.

Town twinning

  • GermanyGermany Erfurt (Thuringia), since 1971
  • FinlandFinland Kuopio (Finland), since 1978
  • GermanyGermany Sindelfingen (Baden-Württemberg), since 1989
  • FranceFrance Colmar (France), since 1993
  • RomaniaRomania Brașov / Kronstadt (Romania), since 1993
  • IsraelIsrael Nof HaGalil (Israel), since 1993
  • China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Wuhan (China), since 1994
  • GermanyGermany Stuhr (Lower Saxony) (no contact)
  • PolandPoland Poznan (Poland), since 2008
  • GermanyGermany Ingolstadt (Bavaria), since 2008
  • GermanyGermany Pforzheim (Baden-Württemberg), since 2007 (county)

Attractions

Győr, János Xantus Museum
Győr, St. Ignatius Church
  • Town hall, late 19th century
  • Palais Esterházy (see Kaiserstein for Comte Gábor Esterházy )
  • János Xántus Museum , former abbot house (Apátúrház) . A few houses stood here until 1742, when Abbot Benedek Sajghó had them combined into one building for the palace of the archabbots of the Benedictine abbey of Pannonhalma. The Steinmetz commissioned master was Joseph Winkler from the imperial quarry (Császárkőbánya) , Kaiserstein for the main door, the grand staircase, the cornices, etc. After his death took master Johann Michael Strickner . In 1759 the construction work was completed. When the Benedictine order was dissolved by Joseph II in 1786 , the house fell to the military . Since 1802, the restoration of the order, the Archabbot of Pannonhalma once again had control of the building. Since 1951 it has been renamed as a museum after János Xántus , a Hungarian naturalist of the 19th century.
  • National Theater
  • Judges' ceremony - concert hall, formerly Rába cinema
  • Old tobacco house
  • Carmelite Church
  • St. Ignatius Church . In the same year 1627, in which the construction of the Jesuit Church in Vienna began , Ferdinand II issued a letter of foundation in which he donated the house of Tamás Stahel in Győr to the establishment of a college and a school of the Society of Jesus . The foundation stone for the college was laid in 1634 and for the religious order church in 1635. The construction of this earliest baroque church with religious house in Hungary was started according to the Viennese norm . The facade, characterized by Baccio del Bianco's stylistic features, was artistically changed during the restoration work carried out by Martin Wittwer; at that time the spire helmets were also replaced by new ones. The Jesuit Church in Vienna and the Jesus Church in Rome served as models .
According to a memorial carried out between 1637 and 1650, the executing mason of the college and the church was Bartholomäus della Torre , from Ramponio in the diocese of Como in Italy, together with the older son Giacomo della Torre. "Bartholomeus Murarius, qui Templum Nostrum aedificavit". According to the inscription on the facade, the church was inaugurated in 1641 (see Kaiserstein for the Jesuits ).
The work was hesitant, the money flowed sparingly. The continuity was given after Bartholomäus' death by Giacomo in 1658, and after his death in 1669 the Raab College commissioned the brother Francesco della Torre , meanwhile a busy Prague court stone mason, together with the builder Christian Fahrnleitner. The Jesuits must have been satisfied, because when the Jesuit school with theater was built around 1675, both can be found again. The imperial quarry on Leithaberg received large orders, and Francesco had also learned there in 1641 from master Hieronymus Bregno . His son Giovanni Pietro della Torre , also a Prague stone mason, bought a house and quarry in Kaisersteinbruch in 1686 . 1743–1745, Johann Joseph Resler , sculptor from Vienna, and master stonemason Jacob Jäger designed the sculptural furnishings for the Jesuit Church.
  • St. Nikolaos Church. Since 1707 Györ had an Orthodox church for the Serbian and Greek minorities. Today's St. Nikolaos Church (Miklós) was built in 1727 in the new town district of Györ-Újváros on the west side of the Raab.
  • Episcopal Castle (Püspökvár)
  • Ladislaus Chapel
  • Great synagogue
  • Dome of Our Lady (Székesegyház)
  • János Xántus Zoo ( Xantus János Állatkert )

Sports

Győr is home to the handball club Győri ETO KC , whose women's division won the Hungarian championship, the Hungarian Cup and the 2013 and 2014 Champions League between 2005 and 2014, and the Győri ETO FC , three-time Hungarian football champion and four-time Hungarian cup winner. The second division soccer team Gyirmót SE and Integrál DAC are also based in Győr .

In 2017 Győr hosted the European Summer Youth Olympic Festival , 2018 the U18 European Athletics Championships and 2019 the first junior gymnastics world championships .

Personalities

  • Philipp von Mansfeld (1589–1657), German military in the Thirty Years' War, imperial field marshal and admiral, commander of the Raab fortress, died in Raab
  • Mathias Unger the Elder (1789–1862), playing card painter
  • Vilmos Apor (1892–1945), Catholic bishop murdered by Red Army soldiers in 1945
  • László Halmos (1909–1997), composer and choirmaster

sons and daughters of the town

Climate table

Győr
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
32
 
2
-4
 
 
33
 
5
-2
 
 
28
 
10
1
 
 
38
 
16
6th
 
 
55
 
21st
10
 
 
64
 
24
13
 
 
53
 
26th
14th
 
 
65
 
26th
14th
 
 
38
 
22nd
11
 
 
35
 
16
6th
 
 
53
 
8th
2
 
 
38
 
3
-2
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Győr
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.9 4.6 10.2 16.0 21.1 24.0 26.2 25.6 21.6 15.9 8.3 3.3 O 14.9
Min. Temperature (° C) -4.0 -2.0 1.4 5.5 9.9 13.1 14.4 14.1 10.8 5.9 1.9 -1.9 O 5.8
Precipitation ( mm ) 32 33 28 38 55 64 53 65 38 35 53 38 Σ 532
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.8 3.0 4.3 6.2 7.6 8.2 8.8 7.6 6.7 4.8 2.1 1.6 O 5.2
Rainy days ( d ) 7th 6th 7th 7th 8th 9 7th 7th 6th 5 8th 7th Σ 84
Humidity ( % ) 83 80 73 68 69 70 68 71 76 78 83 84 O 75.2
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
1.9
-4.0
4.6
-2.0
10.2
1.4
16.0
5.5
21.1
9.9
24.0
13.1
26.2
14.4
25.6
14.1
21.6
10.8
15.9
5.9
8.3
1.9
3.3
-1.9
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		32
33
28
38
55
64
53
65
38
35
53
38
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

literature

Web links

Commons : Győr  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Győr  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Attila Rovó, Marianna Biró: A fideszes Dézsi Csaba András megnyerte Győrben az időközi polgármester-választást ( hu ) Index.hu. January 26, 2020. Accessed January 26, 2020.
  2. ^ Historical map as a digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  3. ↑ The History of Széchenyi István University. Széchenyi István University
  4. ^ Leonhard Prickler: 120 years Raab-Oedenburg-Ebenfurter Railway. In: Burgenland homeland sheets . No. 3, 1996, p. 115, PDF on ZOBODAT
  5. ↑ Mechtler Paul: The development of the railway sector in eastern Austria . In: The development of the transport system in the Pannonian region until 1918 . Internationales Kulturhistorisches Symposion Mogersdorf 1977, Maribor 1977. p. 119
  6. ↑ AHM Annual Report 2015  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 8, 2016@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / audihungaria2015-hu.audiportal.hu  
  7. ^ Györ (Hungary). Community of Stuhr , accessed on August 25, 2020 : "There are currently no encounters with the Hungarian city."
  8. ^ Pál Voit, The Baroque in Hungary . Pp. 24-25. Corvina - Helikon, Budapest 1971.
  9. ↑ Charalampos G. Chotzakoglou: In the footsteps of the Greeks in Györ (Hungary) . In: Balkan Studies , Vol. 38, No. 1, 1997, pp. 63-100, here p. 68