Zsuzsanna Bánki

József Glück: Zsuzsanna Bánki (1930)

Zsuzsanna Klara Bánki (born March 21, 1912 in Győr , Austria-Hungary ; deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp on June 11, 1944 ) was a Hungarian architect.

Life

Zsuzska Bánki's father Zoltán Bánki (1873–1934) ran a gynecological practice in Győr. He and his wife Olga Arpási (1884–1944) had their names Magyarized before their wedding . Her son Ödön Bánki (1903–1978) also became a doctor, he had to leave the country after the defeat of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 and later lived in the Netherlands .

Bánki graduated from high school in 1930 and began studying architecture at the Bauhaus in Dessau in the winter semester . She studied in the carpentry and in the construction / expansion department. Although she was described as reserved, she was friends with fellow students Waldemar Alder , Irena Blühová , Jean Weinfeld and Munio Weinraub . In 1932, together with other students, she was no longer admitted for the following semester due to communist activities and therefore had to continue studying at the art school in Frankfurt am Main . After power was handed over to the National Socialists in 1933, she was also expelled there and tried to do an internship with Clemens Holzmeister at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts . She stayed there for three years, due to the passage of time there are no documents about her student work and her participation in Holzmeister's projects. According to her Dutch sister-in-law, she worked on the construction of Christ the King's Church in Vienna. In 1936 she received the Academy’s Architectural Diploma and, as an additional award, the Silver Füger Medal for designing a baptismal font .

In 1936, Bánki opened an office for interior design in Győr, documents on orders are scarce, and the anti-Semitic policy of the Horthy regime , which was tightened again in 1939, prevented public orders to Jews. Bánki designed the tomb for her father, who died in 1934, which has been preserved in the Jewish cemetery in Győr.

In 1938 Bánki married the internist István Sterk, who now called himself István Pál. Both and their mother were driven into a forced ghetto by the Hungarian militia in Győrsziget in June 1944 and deported by the Eichmann Command to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, where they were gassed .

literature

• Volkhard Knigge , Harry Stein (ed.): Franz Ehrlich . A Bauhaus member in the resistance and concentration camp. (Catalog for the exhibition of the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation in cooperation with the Klassik Stiftung Weimar and the Bauhaus Dessau Foundation in the Neues Museum Weimar from August 2, 2009 to October 11, 2009.) Weimar 2009, ISBN 978-3-935598- 15-6 , p. 141.
• Esther Bánki: “Because you don't think that a woman can build a house.” The life of the architect Zsuzsanna Bánki 1912–1944 , in: Inge Hansen-Schaberg , Wolfgang Thöner, Adriane Feustel (ed.): Distance: Women of the Bauhaus during the Nazi era - persecution and exile . Munich: Ed. Text + Criticism, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86916-212-6 , pp. 159–174.
• Anja Baumhoff: The gendered world of the Bauhaus: the politics of power at the Weimar Republic's premier art institute, 1919–1932 . Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2001, ISBN 3-631-37945-5 , Zugl .: Baltimore, Univ., Diss.
• Zsuzska Bánki . In: Patrick Rössler , Elizabeth Otto : Women at the Bauhaus. Pioneering modern artists. Knesebeck, Munich 2019. ISBN 978-3-95728-230-9 . Pp. 150-155.

Web links

Commons : Zsuzsanna Bánki  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Annette Bussmann: The dismantled half , conference report, in: David , issue 92, April 2012

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Pál Istvánné Árpási Olga Bánki Zsuzsanna Gyor, 1912. március 21. , in Gyor Holocaust Martyrs
2. ↑ The art historian Esther Bànki is the niece of Zsuzsanna Bánki, she is the director of the Natura Docet Wonderryck Twente .