1944

This article covers the year; for the song by Jamala see 1944 (song) .

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1944
On June 6, begins with the landing of the Allies in Normandy , the Operation Overlord .
. Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg commits an assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler in the Fuehrer's headquarters in Wolfsschanze .	Around 700 people were then arrested and over 100 people executed.
1944 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1392/93 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1936/37 (September 10-11)
Baha'i calendar	100/101 (March 20/21)
Bengali solar calendar	1348/49 (April 14 or 15)
Buddhist calendar	2487/88 (southern Buddhism); 2486/87 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	77th (78th) cycle Year of the Wood Monkey甲申 ( since January 25 , before that Water Sheep癸未)
Chuch'e ideology (North Korea)	Chuch'e 33
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1306/07 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4277/78 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1322/23 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	1363/1364 (December 16-17)
Japanese calendar	昭和Shōwa 18; Koki 2604
Jewish calendar	5704/05 (September 17-18)
Coptic calendar	1660/61 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	1119/20
Minguo calendar (China)	Year 33 of the Republic
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2254/55 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2255/56 (turn of the year October)
Suriyakati Calendar (Thai Solar Calendar)	2486/87 (April 1)
Tibetan calendar	1690
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	2000/01 (April)

The year 1944 was marked by the opening of the “ Second Front ” in Western Europe during World War II against the German Reich and the heavy defeats of the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front . The air war over Europe continues to intensify, with the Allies finally gaining control of the air. In the Pacific War , the Allies are preparing to retake the Philippines and push back the Japanese in the Central Pacific. Among other things, they conquer the Mariana Islands , from where they open a strategic bomber offensive against the main Japanese islands. At allied conferences in London, Bretton Woods, Dumbarton Oaks and Moscow, the post-war order and the division of Germany into zones of occupation are already being negotiated.

Events

Politics and world events

Second World War

See also : “1944” in the Chronology of World War II article

Political and diplomatic developments

• January 1 : New commander of Army Group B is Field Marshal Erwin Rommel .
• February 28th : The test pilot Hanna Reitsch submits the proposal for the military project " Self-sacrifice " to Adolf Hitler . This is not done, but allows the preparation of such attacks. Around 70 volunteers are selected and attached to the 200 Combat Squadron .
• March 2 : With the secret bullet decree of the German OKW , the shooting of fugitive prisoners of war is ordered if they are caught again.
• March 19 : The Kingdom of Hungary is occupied by Germany in the Margarethe company.

Döme Sztójay 1944 - official portrait

• March 22nd : A German-friendly government under Döme Sztójay is set up in Hungary by imperial administrator Miklós Horthy .

Appeal to found the “Council for a Democratic Germany”, New Yorker Staatszeitung und Herold , 1944

• May 2 : A Council for a Democratic Germany is founded in New York on the broadest possible basis.
• June 26th : The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty transforms the cooperation between the Republic of Finland and the German Empire into a formal military alliance during World War II .
• July 22nd : Poland in World War II : The Soviet-backed Committee for National Liberation of Poland announces its founding and denies legitimacy to the Polish government-in-exile in London .
• August 2nd : Founding of the Anti-Fascist Council for the Liberation of Macedonia ; the Macedonians are recognized by the Tito partisans as the state people of Yugoslavia.
• August 4th : Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim is elected President of the Republic of Finland . On August 24, he concludes an armistice with the Soviet Union.
• 23 August : The royal coup led by the Romanian King Michael I ends the military dictatorship of Marshal Ion Antonescu and subsequently the military alliance with the German Empire , Romania concludes an armistice with the Allies and declares war on Germany .
• August 26 : Prime Minister Ivan Ivanov Bagrjanow declares Bulgaria's neutrality and rejects an alliance with the Germans.
• August 29 : The Hungarian ruler Miklós Horthy dismisses the Nazi-friendly Sztójay government and appoints the loyal General Géza Lakatos as prime minister.

The situation in the first days of the uprising

• August 29th : The Slovak national uprising against the occupation of Slovakia by the German armed forces and against the Slovak collaboration regime of the Ludaks under Jozef Tiso begins. Supported by parts of the Slovak army, the main area of ​​the uprising is in central Slovakia , with the city of Banská Bystrica as the center.
• September 2 : The American Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau works out a 14-point plan for how to deal with defeated Germany after the end of the Second World War .
• September 5 : The USSR declares war on Bulgaria .
• September 8th : After the royal coup, Romania declares war on neighboring Hungary. On September 12, an armistice is concluded with the Soviet Union.
• September 12th : In the 1st zone agreement (also known as the London Protocol ) the European Consultative Commission defines the border between the Soviet zone of occupation and the zones of occupation of the Western powers and decides on a "special system of occupation" for Berlin .
• September 15 : Bulgaria transforms into a newly founded People's Republic with Wassil Kolarow as provisional president at the helm.
• September 19 : Moscow armistice between Finland and Russia.
• September 21 : A targeted indiscretion is Morgenthau Plan of the US Treasury for postwar Germany publicized. US President Franklin D. Roosevelt soon distances himself from this paper after strong negative reactions.

Commemorative stamp for the Führer birthday , 1944

• September 25 : Adolf Hitler orders the " Volkssturm " to be set up. Young people and seniors are used for military service.
• October 15 : The Hungarian administrator Miklós Horthy is arrested by SS troops under Otto Skorzeny in the Panzerfaust commando company and forced to abdicate the following day. The Arrow Cross party under Ferenc Szálasi takes over the government.
• October 15 : Hungary concludes an armistice with the Allies.
• October 18 : The 1st US Army Group , which has only existed on paper since August 1st to deceive the Germans , is officially dissolved.
• October 28 : The Slovak national uprising ends when the military leadership of the rebels gives up the open fight against the Wehrmacht after the fall of Banská Bystrica and switches to pure partisan combat .

German-Soviet War / Balkans

→ Main article : German-Soviet War

Soviet offensives on the Eastern Front from December 1943 to April 1944

Soviet soldiers fighting for Pushkin , January 1944

• January 14 : The Soviet Leningrad-Novgorod operation to lift the Leningrad blockade by the Wehrmacht begins.
• January 28 : The Red Army liberates the city of Leningrad, which was surrounded by the Wehrmacht .
• February 23 : General Commissioner Curt von Gottberg founds the White Ruthenian Home Guard . It is said to be under the command of Franzischak Kuschal , who is already the head of the Belarusian Self-Protection Corps.
• March 1 : After the Leningrad-Novgorod operation, the Wehrmacht withdraws to the panther position .
• March 4 : The Red Army's spring offensive begins on the Eastern Front: This is the prelude to the gradually necessary withdrawal of the German units from the Ukraine .
• March 8th : Adolf Hitler issues the Fuehrer order No. 11 with which 29 places are designated as " fixed places ", which are to be defended with particular stubbornness.
• April 8th : The Battle of the Crimea begins. After two days, the German defense is breached.
• April 13th : Simferopol is captured by Soviet units.
• April 17 : The Dnepr-Carpathian operation started at the end of the previous year ends with a Soviet victory.
• May 9 : The Red Army captures Sevastopol . The Battle of the Crimea ends on May 12th .

Soviet troops advancing in the Karelian forests

• June 10 : The Soviet Vyborg-Petrozavodsk operation against the Finnish army begins.
• June 10 : In the Distomo massacre , members of a regiment of the 4th SS Police Panzer Grenadier Division murder 218 of the around 1800 villagers in the village of Distomo in central Greece, who were not involved in partisan combat, in the course of a "retaliation" and burn the village down.

Abandoned war material of the German 9th Army near Babrujsk (Belarus) at the end of June 1944

• June 22nd : The Soviet summer offensive , during which the German Army Group Center is smashed, begins.
• June 25 : The battle of Tali-Ihantala between armed forces of the Soviet Union and German-backed Finnish troops begins on the Karelian Isthmus .
• July 3 : Minsk is retaken by the Soviet army, 100,000 German soldiers are taken prisoner.
• July 13 : The Lviv-Sandomierz operation begins.
• July 17 : 57,000 German prisoners of war are brought before the Moscow population in a triumphal procession.

The Red Army entering Bucharest at the end of August 1944

• 20th bis 29. August : The Jassy-Kishinev Offensive , a Soviet major attack on the territory of the former Bessarabia and today's Moldova between the cities of Iasi and Chisinau , ending with a decisive Soviet victory. In this way, Soviet troops conquered large parts of Romania in a few days and wiped out the opposing German armies in a battle . During the battle, the German 6th Army was largely crushed after it got into a pocket southwest of Kishinev. Parts of the 8th Army can retreat to Hungary via the Carpathian Mountains .
• September 8 : The East Carpathian operation begins.
• September 14th : The Baltic operation begins.
• September 24th : The Belgrade operation begins.
• September 17 : Partisans of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army liberate the Bosnian city of Tuzla for the second time .
• September: The Wehrmacht begins to withdraw from Greece.
• October 6th : The fight for Hungary begins.
• 7. bis 29. October : Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive
• October 10 : The Kurland cauldron is closed.
• October 10 : The Red Army reaches the German border in East Prussia .

Yugoslav partisans in downtown Belgrade in October 1944

• October 20th : Operation in Belgrade : Red Army takes Belgrade .

Propaganda headline in the Braunschweiger daily newspaper from October 27, 1944

• October 21 : Nemmersdorf massacre : the Red Army conquers the village of Nemmersdorf for a few hours and shoots at least 23 civilians, the majority of them women and children. This is considered to be the first documented crime of the Red Army on German soil.
• October 29th : The battle for Budapest begins.
• November 29th : The Wehrmacht clears Shkodra, the last Albanian city; all of Albania is liberated.
• December 3 : After the end of the German occupation of Greece, the battle for Athens breaks out between the left-wing ELAS, which was previously active in the resistance, and the troops of the new government under Georgios Papandreou , Damaskinos Papandreou and Nikolaos Plastiras, which were supported by British units from December 15 .

Italian campaign

Attack on the Garigliano and Rapido on January 17th

• January 17th : One of the longest and most costly battles of the Second World War begins with the Battle of Monte Cassino near the historic Montecassino Monastery on the German Gustav Line in Italy .
• January 22 : The up May 25 permanent Battle of Anzio begins: Allied Associations land in Italy south of Rome surprisingly behind the German troops and form a bridgehead . The aim of the Allies is to bypass the German main line of defense in central Italy ( Gustav Line ) in order to accelerate the advance on Rome.

The destruction of the monastery on February 15, 1944

• February 15 : An Allied bombardment hits the Montecassino monastery , fighting over the ruins of the monastery blocks the Allied advance on Rome .
• May 4th / 5th : The Fivizzano massacres begin. By September 13, around 400 people were murdered by units of the Waffen-SS , the Wehrmacht and the fascist paramilitary black brigades .
• May 12th : Allied troops advance into Rome in Italy.

Development of the front between June and December 1944

• June 4th : The city of Rome becomes free from fascist domination. Field Marshal Albert Kesselring , the German commander-in-chief in Italy, has declared Rome an open city and ordered the German Wehrmacht units to withdraw without resistance. The 1st US Armored Division moves into the city.
• August 12 : Four Waffen-SS companies shoot almost all residents of the Italian village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema after numerous partisan attacks . Most of the 560 victims are women and 116 children.
• September: In several attacks, the Allies fail to break through the Gothic position in central Italy , which was renamed the “Green Line” in mid-May .
• September 29 to October 1 : In the Marzabotto massacre , the Wehrmacht and the 16th SS Panzer Grenadier Division “Reichsführer SS” murdered over 800 civilians near Bologna in retaliation for partisan attacks .

Brazilian soldiers in Monte Castello

• November 25 : The Brazilian expeditionary force Força Expedicionária Brasileira in the ranks of the Allies in World War II opens the battle of Monte Castello with an attack on positions of the Wehrmacht near Bologna .

The war in the west

→ Main article : German Western Front 1944/1945

Invasion training on the English coast - maneuvers with real ammunition

• January: Allied Operation Neptune begins with the first major training maneuvers .
• February 8th : Allied plans for Operation Overlord , the landing in France, are completed.
• April 22nd to 30th : During Exercise Tiger , Allied units train the landing in Normandy . Communication and coordination problems lead to disaster. British soldiers accidentally fire at US soldiers. Two German speedboats under the command of Bernd Klug sank two of the landing craft the following day. 946 US soldiers die. The events are kept secret.

Into the Jaws of Death : US Army troops land on Omaha Beach on D-Day

• June 6 : On the weather forecast for June 5 and 6, 1944 in the English Channel, the Allied forces of the anti-Hitler coalition land in Normandy on D-Day (see also: Air war during Operation Overlord , Sea war during Operation Overlord ; Situation of the German armed forces in Normandy in 1944 ). For reasons of confidentiality, not only the individual operations themselves and their start date are given military camouflage names, but also the beach sections intended for landing on the coast of the Cotentin peninsula . The 1st US Army lands on the beaches of Utah Beach near Sainte-Mère-Église and Omaha Beach near St. Laurent . The British 2nd Army goes ashore in the Gold Beach sections near Arromanches and Sword Beach near Ouistreham , the Canadians in the Juno Beach section near Courseulles-sur-Mer .

Battle of Caen, July 9th

• June 6th : The battle for Caen begins. Despite a largely successful landing by the first Allied attack formations, the attempt to capture Caen at the first attempt fails . It will take until July 19 before the entire city is in Allied hands. The fighting continues until August 15th .

Rangers and German prisoners of war on June 8th on the Pointe du Hoc

• June 8th : After two days of fighting, an American unit conquers Pointe du Hoc, which the Germans fiercely defended . At the end of the second day, the unit had shrunk from more than 225 men to 90 men who were still fit to fight.
• June 8th : The battle for Carentan begins. On June 15th, the city of Carentan was taken by the Allies.
• June 9 : Members of the Waffen SS murder around 100 people in the French town of Tulle after the town of Tulle was captured by the Francs-tireurs et partisans the day before .
• June 10th : A unit of the Waffen-SS sets up a massacre in Oradour-sur-Glane in southwest France : 642 residents, 202 of them children and 241 women, are killed.

German prisoners of war under Allied guard in Cherbourg

• June 14th : The battle for Cherbourg begins. Due to the stubborn resistance of the German troops, however , the Allies cannot take Cherbourg until June 27th .
• July 3 : The battle for Saint-Lô begins.
• July 17 : Rommel is seriously injured in an American fighter-bomber attack in France .
• July 25th : Operation Cobra begins.
• July 31 : After the tank battle of Avranches , the breakthrough through the German western front ( Operation Cobra ) succeeds .
• July 31 : The writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry takes off on a reconnaissance flight towards Grenoble and is shot down in the process.
• August 1st : The Battle of Brittany begins.
• August 7th : The Liege company begins.
• August 12. bis 21st August : Falaise pocket
• August 15 : In the course of Operation Dragoon, American and French units go ashore between Toulon and Cannes in the south of France and can quickly advance inland without major resistance.
• August 25 : Dietrich von Choltitz , the commandant of large Paris , surrendered almost without a fight and thus disregarded the "debris field command" of Adolf Hitler from 23 August .
• August 26th : Liberation of Paris
• August 28 : In Marseille , occupied by them, the Wehrmacht units surrender to French troops after a week-long battle.
• September 4th : British troops occupy Antwerp .

Dolle-Dinsdag celebration (5th September 1944) at Willebrordusplein, Rotterdam

• September 5th : On Dolle Dinsdag there are rumors in the Netherlands about a liberation by the Allies. There are nationwide work stoppages and the streets fill with the expectant population. Panic breaks out among the German occupiers and the members of the Dutch National Socialists NSB : documents are hastily destroyed, more than 30,000 NSB members flee with their families from the Netherlands to German territory. Since the German Reich reacted to the September 5th strike with an economic embargo, the so-called “ Hongerwinter ” will begin in October , in which around 20,000 Dutch people will die of malnutrition.
• September 11th : American units cross the German border north-west of Trier .
• September 12th : Roetgen is the first municipality on German soil to be occupied by Allied forces.
• September 14th : The Allies liberate Maastricht, the first Dutch city.
• September 16 : German Major General Botho Henning Elster formally surrenders to US General Robert C. Macon of the 83rd US Infantry Division on the Loire Bridge at Beaugency with 18,850 soldiers and 754 officers.
• September 17th : Operation Market Garden launches the largest air landing in history. It ends on September 27 with a failure and the retreat of the Allies across the Rhine.
• October 2nd to 21st : After almost three weeks of fighting, US troops became the first major German city to conquer Aachen .
• October 2 : The battle of the Scheldt estuary begins. It ends on November 8th with an Allied victory.
• October 6th : The battle in the Huertgen Forest begins.
• November 12 : The fighting for Alsace and Lorraine begins with attacks by the US Army.
• November 16 : Operation Queen begins.
• November 8th : The bloody battle of the Scheldt estuary that began on October 2nd during World War II is decided in favor of the Canadian armed forces . The German Wehrmacht must leave the area from Antwerp to the Meuse to the Allies.
• November 22nd : The US Army takes Metz .
• December 16 : The German Ardennes offensive is started to prevent the Allies from advancing further.
• December 17 : A combat group of the 1st SS Panzer Division under the command of Joachim Peiper kills US prisoners of war in the Malmedy massacre .
• December 31 : Operation Nordwind , the last German offensive on the western front, begins.

Bombing

• January 1st / 2nd : 421 Lancaster bombers of the British Air Force (RAF) fly a heavy air raid on Berlin .
• January 2nd / 3rd : 383 RAF planes attack Berlin. 27 Lancaster bombers are shot down.
• January 21 : Beginning of the Steinbock operation , the intensification of the air raids on England by the German Air Force .
• February 22nd : A bombing of US planes hits the Dutch city of Nijmegen . The attack, which killed around 800 people, should have targeted the German city of Kleve .
• March 18 : An Allied air raid on Frankfurt am Main causes great damage in the city ​​center ; the Paulskirche burns out completely.
• March 22nd : Another heavy bombing raid on Frankfurt am Main wipes out the historic old town ; Among other things, the Katharinenkirche is destroyed, 1001 people die.
• April 1 : Due to a navigation error, US air forces bomb Schaffhausen , with forty deaths the most serious of all Allied bombings on Switzerland in World War II .
• From April 5, the Allies intensified their air raids on Ploieşti . The Air Force of the US 15th Air Force , commanded by General Nathan F. Twining, will fly 5,674 sorties between April 5 and August 19, dropping 13,559 tons of bombs and losing 254 aircraft.
• April 11 The American 303rd Bombardment Group (Heavy) flies its mission No. 134 on Sorau with 33 aircraft . The Focke-Wulf aircraft factory there is hit.
• May 12th : The US Air Force launched attacks on the Leuna plants and on Brüx in order to systematically destroy industrial plants for the production of synthetic fuel.
• June 12th : The German Air Force fires at London for the first time with the V1 .
• June 13 : During a test flight, an A4 rocket launched in Peenemünde crashes in southern Sweden.
• August 5 : A heavy Allied air raid on Magdeburg kills 683 people and destroys homes for around 13,000 residents.
• August 19 : The Allies fly their last air raids on Ploieşti with its oil production facilities controlled by the German Reich in preparation for the Soviet invasion of Romania .
• August 26th / 27th : During the night there is a first bomb attack on Königsberg by British bombers, slight destruction in Königsberg .
• August 29th / 30th : Second night attack by British bombers on Königsberg , heavy destruction in the bombing of Königsberg , the city center is almost completely reduced to rubble by phosphorus- filled stick bombs and high- explosive bombs .
• September 6th : Bomb units destroyed around 80 percent of the city center of Emden , submarine construction is hardly affected.
• September 11th : On the night of September 11th to 12th, British and American units destroy large parts of Darmstadt in an air raid .
• September 11th : An approaching group of 36 US bombers is involved in the air battle over the Ore Mountains by a German fighter squadron . After the first German attack on the bombers, the following US Mustang fighter planes delivered dogfights to the squadron.
• October 5 : On the night of the bombing of October 5, 1944, 2,500 high-explosive bombs and more than 350,000 stick incendiary bombs fall in Saarbrücken in just half an hour , 361 people die and more than 3800 houses and 18,000 apartments are destroyed, 45,000 residents become homeless. It was the heaviest bomb attack the Saarland capital has ever experienced.
• October 7th : About 80% of Kleve is destroyed by two British bombings. The old town, including the Schwanenburg and its churches, is almost completely destroyed. The Emmerich , about ten kilometers away, is more than 95% destroyed by incendiary and high-explosive bombs.

Bomb raid on Braunschweig on October 15, 1944

• October 15 : A devastating bomb attack by the Royal Air Force hits Braunschweig.
• October 18 : The first heavy air attack on the city of Bonn devastated the city center completely.
• November 6th : The Royal Air Force flies an air raid on Koblenz , destroying the city almost completely.
• November 16 : Bombing of the Rhenish cities of Heinsberg , Jülich , Euskirchen and Düren as part of the less successful Operation Queen . The cities of Euskirchen and Düren in particular are badly damaged.
• November 24 : The US begins a series of heavy air strikes on Tokyo .
• December 4 : 6,500 people die in an air raid on Heilbronn .

Submarine warfare in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

• February 12 : When the British troop carrier Khedive Ismail was sunk in the Indian Ocean near the Maldives by the Japanese submarine I-27 , 1,297 people died and 214 were rescued. Some of the shipwrecked probably died as a result of the detonations of the depth charges dropped by the escort ships during the hunt for the submarine. "I-27" is sunk by the destroyer HMS Petard with the entire crew of 99 men.
• February 13 : In the bay of Hustadvika is Hurtigruten -Passagierdampfer Irma by two motor torpedo boats of the Norwegian Navy sunk, 61 people die.
• November 24th : The unarmed Swedish passenger ship Hansa is sunk by a Soviet submarine off the island of Gotland without warning. 84 civilians die.
• December 24th : The Belgian troop carrier Léopoldville is sunk in the English Channel near Cherbourg by a German submarine, killing 736 people.

Southeast Asia and Pacific War

• January 21 : The Chinese doctor Albert Kwok is murdered with around 170 other fighters against the Japanese occupation of Borneo near Kampung Petagas .
• February 3 : US troops win the Pacific War at the end of the Battle of Kwajalein . With the atoll of the Marshall Islands , an island within Japanese territory was taken by soldiers of the United States for the first time in this war .
• February 29 : Allied troops led by US General Douglas MacArthur begin to conquer the Admiralty Islands , which the Japanese occupied in the Pacific War.
• June 15 : The Battle of the Mariana Islands begins in the Pacific War . The fighting begins with the battle for Saipan .
• July 21 : The Battle of Guam begins; it lasts until August 10, 1944.
• August 5th : In the internment camp near Cowra, Australia, what is believed to be the largest ever prison escape occurs due to Japanese prisoners of war . 231 Japanese and four guards died; 108 Japanese are wounded. All those who had fled are back in military custody nine days later .
• September 15 : The battle for Peleliu begins.
• October 23 ( Pacific War ): The sea ​​and air battle in the Gulf of Leyte begins. The Imperial Japanese Navy tries to repel the Allied landing operation in the Philippines .
• October 26th : In the Philippine Gulf of Leyte , the sea ​​and air battle between Japanese units and US-Australian troops ends with an Allied victory. The three-day battle is the largest sea ​​battle in history to date .
• November 25 : The Battle of Peleliu ends with a defeat for the Japanese and 10,695 fallen on the Japanese side.

Extermination camps / resistance against National Socialism

• March 7th : Emanuel Ringelblum , Polish-Jewish historian, politician, publicist and director of the Oneg Shabbat underground archive in the Warsaw ghetto is found in hiding with his wife, young son and other people in hiding and arrested; a few days later they were all murdered together with their Polish protectors in Warsaw's Pawiak prison.
• May 16 : Rise of the Sinti and Roma in the concentration camp - Auschwitz-Birkenau against the planned mass gasification; the SS must tarnished liquidation of the so-called Gypsy - Camp cancel until July 1944th
• July 20 : Failed assassination attempt on Hitler by Stauffenberg a . a. (see also July 20, 1944 )
• July 21 : In the courtyard of the Bendler Block in Berlin, some of those involved in the July 20 attack are executed.
• July 23rd : The concentration and extermination camp Lublin-Majdanek is disbanded by the SS because of the rapid advance of the Red Army on Lublin. Before the prisoners are evacuated, all documents are destroyed and the buildings including the large crematorium are set on fire. Members of the Red Army found 1,000 sick Soviet prisoners of war in the camp. Most of the other prisoners had previously been removed by the SS. Western journalists arrive at Majdanek for a tour in August. As a result, depictions of the mass murder appeared on the front pages of US newspapers and magazines. Life magazine reported for the first time on August 28th in a full-page article about Majdanek and a memorial service on August 6th with the headline: Funeral in Lublin. Russians honor Jews who were gassed and burned en masse by the Nazis.

Polish civilians murdered by SS, Warsaw, August 1944

• August 1st : The Warsaw Uprising of the Polish Home Army begins.
• August 3 : With the murder of the last prisoners, the dissolution of the section of the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp that the National Socialists called the " Auschwitz Gypsy Camp " ends .
• August 5 : Warsaw insurgents liberate 348 Jewish forced laborers from a labor camp .
• August 22nd : The wave of arrests, Aktion Grid, starts throughout the Reich, with many former political opponents arrested and interned.
• October 2 : The Warsaw Uprising ends - without support from the nearby Soviet Army - after 64 days with the surrender of the Polish Home Army and the almost complete destruction of the city by the Germans.
• October 7th : In Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp , the Jewish Sonderkommando (the prisoners who have to operate the gas chambers and crematoria) riot . Female prisoners smuggled in explosives from an arms factory, partially destroying Crematorium IV. This is followed by an attempt at a mass escape, but all 250 fugitives are caught and murdered by the guards shortly afterwards.
• October 16 : The composers Viktor Ullmann , Gideon Klein , Pavel Haas and Hans Krása are among the 1,500 deportees on a transport from the Theresienstadt ghetto to the Auschwitz concentration camp .
• October 19 : The destruction of Warsaw ordered by Adolf Hitler begins.

Removal of the men on November 10th

• 10 / November 11 : In the raid of Rotterdam some 54,000 men aged 17 to 40 years are Rotterdam and its suburbs Schiedam arrested and forced labor in the eastern part of the Netherlands deported to Germany.

Other events worldwide

America

• September 23 : US President Franklin D. Roosevelt gives a campaign speech in which he addresses , among other things, allegations about his dog Fala .
• November 7 : Incumbent Franklin D. Roosevelt is re-elected for a fourth term in the US presidential election. The Republicans were defeated with their candidate Thomas E. Dewey .
• December 1st to 7th: international civil aviation conference in Chicago: 54 states (allies, allies, neutrals) agree on the basics of civil aviation and sign the agreement on international civil aviation as well as two additional agreements that establish "freedoms" in the air .

Europe

• January 1 : Walther Stampfli becomes President of Switzerland .
• June 17th : In Þingvellir , after a referendum, the Republic of Iceland is proclaimed, ending the real union with the Kingdom of Denmark . Sveinn Björnsson is the first state president to be sworn in to the new constitution.

middle East

• November 6 : The British Middle East Minister Lord Moyne and his driver are killed in Cairo by two activists of the Zionist underground group Lechi . The minister rejected a Jewish state in Palestine .

economy

• January 1st : In the German Reich the postcodes are introduced by the Reich Ministry of Post .
• July 1 to 22 : At the end of the Bretton Woods Conference , an international currency order with exchange rate ranges and the establishment of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are decided upon for the period after the end of the Second World War .
• November 16 : The Swedish tabloid Expressen is founded.
• December 18 : The French daily Le Monde appears with its first edition.

science and technology

War technology

• May 6 : The experimental US bomber Douglas XB-42 completes its maiden flight .

Structure of the rocket unit 4

• June 20 : The unit 4 rocket developed by Wernher von Braun crosses the Kármán line , which is international, with flight MW 18014 carried out by the Peenemünde Army Research Center on Greifswalder Oie as the first man-made object with a height of around 175 km recognized boundary to space . However, it does not reach orbital speed and therefore hits the earth again west of Zingst . Thus the vertical shot is the first suborbital flight .
• August 12 : A first submarine pipeline is laid from Great Britain through the English Channel to France to supply fuel to the Western Allies during the invasion of Normandy .

Teaching and Research

• September 11th : The Universidad Veracruzana is founded in the Mexican city of Xalapa .
• October 23 : The Maria Curie Skłodowska University is founded in Lublin , Poland .

Others

• Oswald Theodore Avery proves that DNA and not proteins are the carriers of genetic information.
• The Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG in Cologne developed a diesel engine with air cooling for series production. This will later power the commercial vehicles of the Magirus-Deutz brand as well as tractors and construction machines from numerous other manufacturers.
• In the New York Institute of Social Research appears Dialectic of Enlightenment by Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno , entitled Philosophical Fragments . The collection of essays , which was created with the help of Gretel Adorno , is considered to be one of the fundamental and most widely received works of critical theory of the Frankfurt School .

Culture

• August 24 : Joseph Goebbels decreed the “ total war effort of the cultural workers ”. When the order comes into force on September 1st, this will result in the closure of almost all German and Austrian theaters and cultural establishments. Artists who are not on the so-called God-gifted list are also called in for so-called "war-important activities" . Not affected are e.g. B. the Wiener Konzerthaus , the Berlin Philharmonic and the Vienna Philharmonic . The Simpl cabaret in Vienna benefits from its air raid shelter and is allowed to keep operations going.

Visual arts

→ Main article : Art year 1944

• Art under National Socialism : under the impression of the air raids on October 15, Walther Hoeck paints The Burning Braunschweig .

• Sir William Burrell bequeaths his art collection to the City of Glasgow
• The Great German Art Exhibition takes place for the 8th and last time.

Movie

→ Main article : 1944 film year

• January 1 : World premiere of the feature film Destination Tokyo in the USA
• January 28 : World premiere of the film Die Feuerzangenbowle with Heinz Rühmann in Berlin
• September 6 : World premiere of the film noir masterpiece Woman Without Conscience (Director: Billy Wilder ) in the USA
• September 23 : In the US comes Arsenic and Old Lace ( Arsenic and Old Lace ), Frank Capra's black comedy based on the eponymous play by Joseph Kesselring , in the cinemas. The main roles are played by Cary Grant , Josephine Hull and Jean Adair , the script was written by Julius J. Epstein .

literature

→ Main article : Literature year 1944

• In autumn, the Munich literary magazine Das Innere Reich finally ceases to appear.
• Georgette Heyer publishes the Regency Romance Friday’s Child ( Lord Sherry ).

Music and theater

→ Main article : Music year 1944

• April 18 : The ballet Fancy Free by Jerome Robbins ( choreography and libretto ) based on music by Leonard Bernstein is premiered at the Ballet Theater in the Metropolitan Opera House in New York .
• May 27 : Jean-Paul Sartre's play Huis clos ( Closed Society ) is premiered at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Paris, which is still occupied by Germany .
• July 2nd : The world premiere of the Komische Oper Die Hochzeit des Jobs by Joseph Haas takes place at the State Opera in Dresden. Ludwig Strecker the Younger wrote the libretto under the pseudonym Ludwig Andersen. It is based on the Jobsiade written by Carl Arnold Kortum .
• November 1 : The comedy Harvey by Mary Chase is with great success at the 48th Street Theater premiered in New York City. The play ran on Broadway for around five years , was performed in 1775 and received the Pulitzer Prize in 1945 .
• December 26 : The Glass Menagerie , a "Game of Memories" by Tennessee Williams , premieres at the Civic Theater in Chicago.
• December 28 : On the Town , Leonard Bernstein's first musical , takes place at the Adelphi Theater in New York City. The book and lyrics are by Betty Comden and Adolph Green . It is based on the ballet Fancy Free by Jerome Robbins , which premiered in the same year . Directed by George Abbott .

Disasters

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

• January 15 : Around 8,000 people are killed in a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Mendoza Province in Argentina.
• February 1 : A 7.4 magnitude earthquake in Turkey kills around 2,800.

Vesuvius during its last eruption in March 1944

• 18th bis 29. March : The provisionally last major eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the locations Massa and San Sebastiano buried once again under lava. Despite the evacuation of 12,000 people, 26 people are killed.
• December 7 : An 8.1 magnitude earthquake struck Tonankai , Japan, killing 1,223 people.

Explosions

• April 3 : A firedamp explosion in the Sachsen colliery kills 169 miners, including 113 Russian forced laborers, in Heessen, Westphalia .

The Fort Stikine explosion

• April 14 : The British freighter Fort Stikine , loaded with explosives and ammunition, explodes in the port of Bombay . The consequences are 1,500 dead and missing, 3,000 injured, the destruction of 13 ships and total damage of around 1 billion US dollars.
• April 20 : A Dutch cargo ship loaded with 120 tons of explosives explodes in the port of Bergen . Parts of the historic city are destroyed in the explosion and 150 people are killed.
• July 17 : The two transport ships EA Bryan and Quainault Victory 7,606 GRT ( USA ) explode while taking over ammunition in Port Chicago in the north of the Bay of San Francisco ; 320 dead. Then there is a Marine - mutiny .

Mount Hood explosion

• November 10 : The US Navy's Mount Hood ammunition transporter explodes at the Seeadler Harbor naval base on Manus Island in the Bismarck Archipelago . Only fragments of the ship are found, the largest of which measures 5 by 3 meters and lies at the bottom of the explosion crater. No remains are found of the 350-man crew of Mount Hood and the vehicles lying alongside. Ships within a radius of almost 2,000 meters from Mount Hood are damaged by debris flying around and the pressure wave. 82 crew members die on the repair ship Mindanao and 371 seamen are injured in the entire port area.

Famine

• In the spring of the north Vietnamese province of Tonkin , drought and insect infestation lead to an initial loss of the fifth month of around 10 percent. The harvest of the tenth month is affected by tropical storms. In October a famine begins in Vietnam , which by May 1945 claims around 1.3 million lives.
• Winter 1944/1945: Hongerwinter in the Netherlands

Storms

• December 18 : In Typhoon Cobra , three US Navy destroyers sink off the island of Luzon ( Philippines ) , 28 other ships are damaged (nine of them heavily), 146 aircraft are destroyed. 790 dead and at least 80 injured

More disasters

• January 20 : The railway accident at Porta Westfalica , in which an express train collides with a second express train stopped by an emergency brake, kills 79 people.
• July 6 : Hundreds of people die in a fire in a big top in Hartford, Connecticut , including many children.

Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .

Nobel Prizes

• Physics : Isidor Isaac Rabi

Otto Hahn

• Chemistry : Otto Hahn
• Medicine : Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser
• Literature : Johannes V. Jensen
• Nobel Peace Prize : International Committee of the Red Cross

Born

January

• 0January 1st : Franco Agostinelli , Italian bishop
• 0January 1st : Umar al-Bashir , head of state of Sudan
• 0January 1 : Ali Artuner , Turkish football goalkeeper († 2001 )
• 0January 1 : Zafarullah Khan Jamali , Pakistani politician
• 0January 2nd : Arpat Avanesjan , Armenian politician
• 0January 2 : Karlheinz Küting , German business economist and university lecturer († 2014 )
• 0January 3 : David Atherton , English conductor
• 0January 3 : Raewyn Connell , Australian sociologist
• 0January 4 : Reinhard Breymayer , German philologist († 2017 )
• 0January 4th : Beate Krais , German sociologist
• 0January 4th : Judy Winter , German theater and film actress
• 0January 5th : Jo Ann Kelly , British blues singer and guitarist († 1990 )
• 0January 5 : Carolyn McCarthy , American politician
• 0January 5 : Edward Rendell , Governor of Pennsylvania
• 0January 5th : Jan de Vries , Dutch motorcycle racer
• 0January 6th : Ørnulf Andresen , Norwegian cyclist
• 0January 6th : Helmut Digel , German handball player, sports scientist and sports official
• 0January 6th : Jens Johler , German writer
• 0January 6th : Alan Stivell , Breton musician and singer
• 0January 6th : Rolf Zinkernagel , Professor of Experimental Immunology
• 0January 7th : Mario Bertini , Italian football player
• 0January 7th : Ursula Männle , German politician and Member of the Parliament
• 0January 7th : Mike McGear , British musician, younger brother of Paul McCartney
• 0January 7th : Hans-Joachim Grubel , German actor († 2004 )
• 0January 7th : Rainer Kuhlen , German university professor for information science
• 0January 8 : Terry Brooks , American writer
• 0January 8 : Gudrun Mebs , German writer

Jimmy Page , 2013

• 0January 9th : Jimmy Page , British musician, guitarist
• January 10 : Rory Byrne , South African racing car designer
• January 10 : Frank Sinatra junior , American pianist, actor, singer and entertainer († 2016 )
• January 11th : Gerd Böckmann , German actor and director
• January 12 : Dieter Anders , German lawyer
• January 12th : Hans Henning Atrott , German political scientist
• January 12 : Joe Frazier , American heavyweight boxer († 2011 )

James N. Gray

• January 12 : James N. Gray , American computer scientist (missing 2007 )
• January 12th : Vlastimil Hort , Czech-German chess player
• January 12 : Fatos Kongoli , Albanian writer
• January 12th : Inge Viett , German ex-terrorist
• January 12th : Klaus Wedemeier , Mayor of Bremen
• January 13 : Michael Gartenschläger , border dead († 1976 )
• January 13 : Herbert Gronen , German football player
• January 14 : Peter Fechter , victim of the Berlin Wall († 1962 )
• January 14th : Luise F. Pusch , German linguist
• January 14th : John Rea , Canadian composer
• January 15th : Lothar Abend , German boxer
• January 16 : Thomas Fritsch , German actor
• January 16 : Jim Stafford , American country and pop singer
• January 17th : Françoise Hardy , French pop singer, lyricist, composer and film actress
• January 17th : Roland Hetzer , German doctor and scientist
• January 17th : Jan Guillou , Swedish journalist and novelist
• January 17th : Beatriz Lockhart , Uruguayan composer († 2015 )
• January 17th : Einar Schleef , German writer and director († 2001 )
• January 18 : Alexander Van der Bellen , Austrian politician and economist
• January 18 : Paul Keating , Australian Prime Minister
• January 18 : Gunnar Kvaran , Icelandic cellist and chamber musician
• January 19 : Shelley Fabares , American singer
• January 19 : Laurie London , British singer
• January 19 : Pehr Henrik Nordgren , Finnish composer († 2008 )
• January 19 : Thom Mayne , American architect
• January 20 : Günther Bott , German lawyer and judge at the Federal Labor Court
• January 20 : Volker Hassemer , former German CDU politician
• January 20 : Wolfgang Scherzinger , Austrian zoologist, ethologist and ecologist
• January 21 : Jack Henry Abbott , American criminal and writer († 2002 )
• January 21 : Hasso Plattner , German entrepreneur
• January 22 : Jürgen W. Falter , German political scientist
• January 22nd : Carl Friedrich Gethmann , German philosopher
• January 23 : Hugo Achugar , Uruguayan writer, literary essayist and lecturer
• January 23 : Sergei Alexandrovich Below , Russian basketball player († 2013 )
• January 23 : Rutger Hauer , Dutch actor († 2019 )
• January 23 : Gerd Nobbe , judge at the Federal Court of Justice († 2019 )
• January 24th : Bob Degen , American jazz pianist
• January 24 : David Gerrold , American fantasy novelist
• January 24th : Klaus Nomi , countertenor († 1983 )
• January 25th : Alfred Gulden , German writer, songwriter and filmmaker
• January 25 : Tom Koenigs , German politician

Angela Davis

• January 26 : Angela Davis , American civil rights activist, sociologist, and writer
• January 26th : Andreas Hauff , Austrian singer and lyricist
• January 27 : Peter Jasper Akinola , Nigerian Primate of the Anglican Church of Nigeria and Archbishop
• January 27 : Mairead Corrigan , Northern Ireland Peace Movement activist, 1976 Nobel Peace Prize laureate
• January 27 : Kevin Coyne , British rock musician, painter and author († 2004 )
• January 28 : Susan Howard , American actress
• January 27 : Nicholas Berkeley Mason , British musician
• January 28th : Alister Allan , British marksman
• January 28th : Achim Reichel , German musician, composer and producer
• January 28 : John Tavener , British composer († 2013 )
• January 29th : Syed Mohammed Arif Saahab , Indian badminton player
• January 29th : Andrew Loog Oldham , musician and manager of the Rolling Stones
• January 30th : Wolfgang Gerhard Antes , German politician
• January 30th : Daisy Door , German pop singer
• January 30th : Jógvan við Keldu , Faroese politician and Minister of the Interior
• January 30th : Stephan Reimers , authorized representative of the EKD Council
• January 30th : Wolfgang Rudolph , German television presenter
• January 30th : Wolfgang Steguweit , German numismatist
• January 30th : Beatrice Weber-Dürler , Swiss lawyer
• January 31 : Uwe Kockisch , German actor
• January 31 : Spartaco Landini , Italian football player († 2017 )
• January 31 : Heidi Mahler , German popular actress
• January 31 : Charlie Musselwhite , American blues musician

February

• 0February 1 : Uriah Ashley , Panamanian clergyman and auxiliary bishop
• 0February 1 : Ari Brown , American jazz saxophonist
• 0February 5 : Meinhard Ade , German administrative lawyer
• 0February 5 : Bill Mays , American jazz pianist
• 0February 5 : Götz Werner , German entrepreneur and honorary professor
  

  Götz Werner
• 0February 5th : Thekla Carola Wied , German actress
• 0February 6 : Hans-Georg Atzinger , German officer
• 0February 6 : Gert Audring , German ancient historian
• 0February 8 : Sebastião Salgado , Brazilian photographer and photo reporter
• 0February 9 : Bernd Albani , Protestant pastor, representative of the church peace and environmental movement in the GDR
• 0February 9 : Alice Walker , American writer
• February 10 : Petra Adam-Ferger , German politician
• February 10 : Peter Allen , Australian composer and entertainer († 1992 )
• February 10 : Kurt Binder , Austrian physicist
• February 10 : Jean Daniel Cadinot , French film director and producer († 2008 )
• February 10 : Frank Keating , American politician
• February 10 : Niklot Klüßendorf , German numismatist, archivist
• February 10 : Rufus Reid , American jazz bassist
• February 11 : Wolf-Dieter Ahlenfelder , German football referee († 2014 )
• February 11 : Martin Drew , British jazz drummer and band leader († 2010 )
• February 11 : Michael Oxley , American politician († 2016 )
• February 11 : Bernardin Schellenberger , German philosopher, Catholic theologian, writer and translator
• February 12 : Ortwin Runde , German politician
• February 13 : Stockard Channing , American actress
• February 13 : Michael Ensign , British-American actor
• February 13 : Gerhard Langemeyer , German politician
• February 13 : Yoram Paporisz , German-Israeli composer († 1992 )
• February 13 : Jerry Springer , American talk show host
• February 14 : Carl Bernstein , American journalist
• February 14th : Ros Drinkwater , British actress, dancer and photojournalist
• February 14 : Walter Dury , German lawyer and sports lawyer
• February 14 : Alan Parker , British film director († 2020 )
• February 14 : Peter Rapp , Austrian presenter, television entertainer and quiz master
• February 15 : Jokhar Musayevich Dudayev , Chechen President († 1996 )
• February 15 : Sigurd Hofmann , German physicist
• February 15 : Heinz Werner Schimanko , Austrian night club owner († 2005 )
• February 15 : Alexander Alexandrovich Serebrov , Soviet cosmonaut († 2013 )
• February 15 : Paul Vestey, 3rd Baronet , British nobleman and racing car driver
• February 16 : Dieter Brenninger , German soccer player
• February 16 : Richard Ford , American writer
• February 16 : Sigiswald Kuijken , Belgian violinist, viola player and conductor
• February 16 : António Mascarenhas Monteiro , Cape Verdean President († 2016 )
• February 17th : Freddy Ginebra , Dominican cultural manager, writer and journalist
• February 17th : Karl Jenkins , Welsh keyboardist, oboist, saxophonist and composer
• February 19 : Dieter Ahlert , German professor of business administration
• February 19 : Hubert Doppmeier , German politician († 1992 )
• February 19 : Jürgen Gansäuer , German politician
• February 20 : Christian Pfeiffer , German criminologist, Minister of Justice of Lower Saxony
  

  Christian Pfeiffer
• February 20 : Lew Soloff , American jazz trumpeter († 2015 )
• February 21 : Richard François Aeschlimann , Swiss painter, graphic artist, draftsman, object artist and designer
• February 21 : Ingomar von Kieseritzky , German writer († 2019 )
• February 21 : Nojim Maiyegun , Nigerian boxer
• February 21 : Kitty Winn , American actress
• February 22nd : Jorge de Bagration , Spanish-Georgian motor sportsman († 2008 )
• February 22nd : Jonathan Demme , American film director († 2017 )
• February 22nd : Felice Picano , American writer and publisher
• February 22nd : Tom Okker , Dutch tennis player
• February 22nd : Jean-Louis Ricci , French racing driver († 2001 )
• February 22 : Tucker Smallwood , American actor and writer
• February 23 : Dennis Aase , American racing car driver and racing team owner
• February 23 : Karin Achatz , Austrian politician
• February 23 : Bernard Cornwell , British writer
• February 23 : Florian Fricke , German electronic music pioneer († 2001 )
• February 23 : Pierre Mignot , Canadian cameraman
• February 23 : Gerhard Neukum , German planetary researcher († 2014 )
• February 23 : Johnny Winter , American blues musician († 2014 )
• February 24 : Rolf Henrich , lawyer, author and prominent critic of the GDR regime
• February 24 : Nicky Hopkins , British rock musician, pianist († 1994 )
• February 25 : Campbell Armstrong , British screenwriter, professor and author († 2013 )
• February 25 : François Cevert , French racing driver († 1973 )
• February 25 : Jeff Kline , American racing car driver
• February 26th : Wolfgang "Brauni" Braun , German handball player
• February 26 : Maria Creuza , Brazilian singer
• February 26 : Charles Lillard , Canadian poet and historian († 1997 )
• February 28 : Kelly Bishop , American actress
• February 28 : Loek Dikker , Dutch film music composer and jazz musician
• February 28 : Sepp Maier , German soccer player
  

  Sepp Maier
• February 29 : Dennis Farina , American actor († 2013 )
• February 29 : Oleksandr Moros , Ukrainian politician
• February 29 : John Niland , American football player
• February 29 : Bernd Witthüser , German folk musician († 2017 )

March

Roger Daltrey

• 0March 1 : Roger Daltrey , British musician
• 0March 1 : Árni Johnsen , Icelandic politician

Uschi Glas , 2012

• 0March 2nd : Uschi Glas , German actress
• 0March 3rd : Eva Astor , Austrian actress, pop singer and astrologer
• 0March 3 : Lee Holdridge , American composer
• 0March 4th : Glen Baxter , British cartoonist
• 0March 4 : Ulrich Roski , German songwriter († 2003 )
• 0March 5 : Élisabeth Badinter , French philosopher
• 0March 5th : Charly Grosskost , French cyclist († 2004 )
• 0March 6 : Wolf Assmus , German experimental physicist
• 0March 6th : Peter Dietrich , German soccer player
• 0March 6 : David F. Hendry , British econometrician
• 0March 6 : Mickey Jupp , British musician
• 0March 6th : Norbert Steger , Austrian politician and lawyer
• 0March 6 : Kiri Te Kanawa , New Zealand opera singer (soprano)
• 0March 7th : Ranulph Fiennes , British researcher and holder of several endurance records
• 0March 7th : Jürgen Theobaldy , German writer
• 0March 7th : Townes Van Zandt , American songwriter († 1997 )
• 0March 8th : Pepe Romero , Spanish guitarist
• 0March 8 : Alexander Ziegler , Swiss actor, publicist and writer († 1987 )
• 0March 8 : Regina Ziegler , German film producer
• March 10 : David Friedman , American jazz musician
• March 10 : Karl Heinz Gasser , German politician
• March 10th : Martin Mann , German pop singer
• March 11th : Lutz Werner Mackensy , German actor and voice actor
• March 11th : Wolfgang Reiniger , Lord Mayor of Essen
• March 12 : Peter Orloff , German pop singer, composer, lyricist, producer and actor
• March 13th : Holger Henze , German innkeeper and comic author
• March 13 : Chris Roberts , German pop singer and actor († 2017 )
• March 14 : Peter-Paul Zahl , German writer († 2011 )
• March 15 : Günther Bahr , Austrian radio announcer († 2011 )
• March 15 : Chi Cheng , Taiwanese athlete and Olympian
• March 15 : Elmar Ferber , German filmmaker, author and publisher († 2008 )
• March 15 : Josef Joffe , German journalist
• March 15 : Joachim Kühn , German musician
• March 15 : Klaus-Jürgen Melullis , German legal scholar and former judge at the Federal Court of Justice
• March 15 : Elisabeth Plessen , German writer and translator
• March 17th : Franz Fiedler , President of the Austrian Court of Auditors
• March 17 : Alan Stephen Hopes , Roman Catholic Bishop in Great Britain
• March 17th : Anthony Monn , German singer, composer and music producer
• March 17th : Jürgen Peters , German union official
• March 17 : John Sebastian , American rock musician
• March 17 : Juan Ramón Verón , Argentinian soccer player
• March 18th : Dieter Birr , German singer, guitarist and composer of the rock band Puhdys
• March 19 : Joseph Celli , American composer and oboist
• March 19 : Tom Constanten , American musician
• March 19 : Uwe Holtz , German political scientist

Erwin Neher

• March 20 : Erwin Neher , German scientist and Nobel Prize winner
• March 20 : Dieter Wolst , German lawyer
• March 21 : Marie-Christine Barrault , French actress
• March 21 : Jamary Oliveira , Brazilian composer († 2020 )
• March 21 : Wilhelm Josef Sebastian , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• March 21 : Gila von Weitershausen , German actress
• March 22nd : Tony McPhee , British blues guitarist and singer
• March 23 : Wolfgang R. Assmann , German politician
• March 23 : Michael Nyman , British film music composer
• March 24 : R. Lee Ermey , American actor († 2018 )
• March 24th : Walter Hellmich , German football functionary
• March 24th : Vojislav Koštunica , Serbian politician, President of Yugoslavia and Prime Minister of Serbia
• March 25th : Hans-Jürgen Walter , founder of Gestalt theory psychotherapy
• March 26th : Reinhold Andert , German songwriter and satirical author

Diana Ross , 2008

• March 26 : Diana Ross , American singer
• March 27 : Enrique Barón Crespo , Spanish politician and EU politician
• March 27 : Jesse Brown , American politician († 2002 )
• March 28 : Rick Barry , American basketball player
• March 28th : Gisela Kallenbach , German MEP
• March 29 : Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo , Ghanaian lawyer and politician
• March 29 : Terry Jacks , Canadian singer and record producer
• March 30 : Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai , Afghan politician
• March 30th : Gabrielle Drake , British actress
• March 30th : Gert Heidenreich , German writer, journalist and television announcer
• March 31 : Rod Allen , British guitarist and singer († 2008 )
• March 31 : Till Meyer , German terrorist and MfS agent
• March 31 : Mick Ralphs , British guitarist

April

• 0April 3 : Lamberto Bava , Italian director, screenwriter and film producer
• 0April 3 : Harry Palmer , American author and founder and CEO
• 0April 4th : Magdalena Godelieve Hilda Aelvoet , Belgian politician
• 0April 4 : Yehudit Naot , Israeli politician († 2004 )
• 0April 4 : Craig T. Nelson , American actor
• 0April 4th : Robert Schindel , Austrian writer, poet and director
• 0April 4 : Bassam Tibi , German political scientist of Syrian origin
• 0April 5th : Willy Geertje van Ammelrooij , Dutch actress
• 0April 5th : Willy Planckaert , Belgian racing cyclist
• 0April 6th : Philippe Carron , Swiss racing driver
• 0April 6th : Florin Gheorghiu , Romanian chess player
• 0April 6 : Viveca Lärn , Swedish children's author and writer
• 0April 6 : Christine Lucyga , German politician
• 0April 6 : Bernd Spier , German pop singer († 2017 )
• 0April 7th : Marianne Hoepfner , French racing driver
• 0April 7th : Theodor Ickler , German professor of German studies
• 0April 7th : Detlef Kobjela , Sorbian composer and musicologist († 2018 )
• 0April 7th : Ernst Küchler , German politician

Gerhard Schröder

• 0April 7th : Gerhard Schröder , German politician, Federal Chancellor
• 0April 8 : Michael Aschbacher , American mathematician
• 0April 8 : Jean Benguigui , French actor
• 0April 8 : Keef Hartley , British rock musician, drummer († 2011 )
• 0April 8 : Christoph Hein , German writer, translator and essayist
• 0April 8 : Odd Nerdrum , Norwegian painter
• 0April 8 : Jiří Datel Novotný , Czech actor and documentary filmmaker († 2017 )
• 0April 8th : Hans Pretterebner , Austrian journalist
• 0April 9 : Lars Norén , Swedish playwright and theater director
• 0April 9th : Silvia Sommer , Austrian composer and pianist
• 0April 9 : Ludwig Stiegler , German politician
• April 10th : Thüring Bräm , Swiss conductor and composer
• April 10 : Ladislav Chvalkovský , Czech bass guitarist and rock singer
• April 10th : Detlev Spangenberg , German politician
• April 12th : Andrew Arbuckle , Scottish politician
• April 13th : Francesco Arese , Italian athlete, entrepreneur and sports official
• April 13th : Jochen Brand , German handball player
• April 13 : Hans Christoph Buch , German writer and journalist
• April 13 : Jack Casady , American blues and rock musician and bass player
• April 13 : John Paul DeJoria , American entrepreneur and billionaire
• April 14 : Hubert Raase , President of the KSC
• April 14th : Manfred Weber , German soccer player
• April 15th : Dave Edmunds , Welsh guitarist and singer
• April 16 : Dennis Russell Davies , American opera and concert conductor, pianist, and chamber musician
• April 16 : Elmar Wepper , German actor and voice actor
• April 18 : Robert Philip Hanssen , FBI agent, spy for the Soviet Union and later Russia for more than 20 years
• April 18 : Albin Planinc , Yugoslav chess player († 2008 )

James Heckman

• April 19 : James Heckman , American economist, Nobel Prize winner
• April 19 : Klaus Miebach , German lawyer and judge at the Federal Court of Justice
• April 19 : Lothar Romain , German journalist and art scholar († 2005 )
• April 19 : Bernie Worrell , American musician († 2016 )
• April 20 : Konrad Feilchenfeldt , Swiss-German literary scholar
• April 20 : Michael Mendl , German actor
• April 20 : Raúl Vale , Mexican singer, composer and actor († 2003 )
• April 21 : Russell Boyd , Australian cameraman
• April 21 : Peter Kowald , German double bass player and tuba player († 2002 )
• April 22 : Steve Fossett , American aviation pioneer and regatta sailor († 2007 )
• April 22nd : Joshua Rifkin , American conductor and musicologist
• April 23 : Niklaus Schilling , film director, cameraman and author († 2016 )

Thumma Bala

• April 24th : Thumma Bala , Archbishop of Hyderabad
• April 24 : Gustl Wilke , German handball player and coach († 2013 )
• April 25 : Mete Aslan , Turkish politician
• April 25 : Julio Montero Castillo , Uruguayan soccer player
• April 26 : José Dolhem , French racing car driver († 1988 )
• April 26th : Martha Rockwell , American cross-country skier
• April 27 : Walter Kolbow , German politician
• April 27 : Bassam Salih Kubba , Iraqi Deputy Foreign Minister († 2004 )
• April 27th : Heikki Westerinen , Finnish chess player
• April 28th : Pieter Baas , Dutch botanist
• April 28 : Doris Quarella , Swiss photographer († 1998 )
• April 28 : Günter Verheugen , German politician, EU commissioner
• April 29 : Werner Nekes , German film director († 2017 )
• April 29 : Hermann Scheer , German politician and advocate of solar energy († 2010 )
• April 30 : Rudi Assauer , German football manager († 2019 )
• April 30 : Andy Kulberg , American rock musician († 2002 )

May

• 0May 1st : Peter Bayerlein , German archaeologist and historian

Costa Cordalis , 2011

• 0May 1st : Costa Cordalis , Greek singer of German hits († 2019 )
• 0May 1st : Anna-Lena Löfgren , Swedish pop singer († 2010 )
• 0May 1st : Józef Serafin , Polish organist and music teacher
• 0May 2 : Franz Innerhofer , Austrian writer († 2002 )
• 0May 2nd : Eugen Strähl , Swiss entrepreneur and racing car driver
• 0May 3rd : Renate Blume , German actress
• 0May 3 : Gernot Erler , German politician

Monica Bleibtreu

• 0May 4 : Monica Bleibtreu , Austrian actress († 2009 )
• 0May 4th : Dave , Dutch singer and TV presenter
• 0May 4 : Russi Taylor , American voice actress († 2019 )
• 0May 4 : Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński , Polish / Kashubian sociologist and science fiction author († 2015 )
• 0May 4th : Lothar Zechlin , German constitutional lawyer and rector
• 0May 5th : Roman Dzindzichashvili , American chess player of Georgian origin
• 0May 5th : Bo Larsson , Swedish football player
• 0May 5th : Hans-Peter Mayer , German MEP
• 0May 5th : Christian de Portzamparc , French architect
• 0May 5 : John Rhys-Davies , British actor and writer
• 0May 6th : Carl I. Hagen , Norwegian politician
• 0May 8 : Wilfried Dziallas , German actor
• 0May 8th : Gary Glitter , British rock and roll musician
• 0May 9 : Veli Küçük , Turkish Brigadier General
• 0May 9 : Petra Roth , German politician
• 0May 9 : Tony Oberdörffer , German singer and composer
• May 10 : Jim Abrahams , American director, producer, and screenwriter
• May 10 : Gunnar Henry Asmussen , Danish cyclist
• May 10 : Jürgen Knobloch , German tropical medicine specialist († 2008 )
• May 10 : Marie-France Pisier , French actress († 2011 )
• May 11 : Roy Blumenfeld , American rock musician
• May 12 : Eva Demski , German writer
• May 12th : Ada Isensee , German painter
• May 12 : Hans-Peter Kemper , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• May 12 : Chris Patten , British politician, Hong Kong Governor and European Commissioner
• May 13 : Hacıbala İbrahim oğlu Abutalıbov , Azerbaijani politician and physicist
• May 13 : Armistead Maupin , American writer
• May 13 : Wilhelm Schmidt , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• May 14 : Francesca Annis , British actress

George Lucas 2009

• May 14 : George Lucas , American director and producer
• May 15 : Ulrich Beck , German sociologist († 2015 )
• May 16 : Achim Bröger , German author for children and young people
• May 16 : Billy Cobham , Panamanian jazz drummer and composer
• May 16 : Friedrich Schorlemmer , German theologian
• May 16 : Danny Trejo , American actor
• May 16 : Gert Weisskirchen , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• May 17 : Wolf-Dietrich Berg , German actor and voice actor († 2004 )
• May 17 : David Kelly , British microbiologist, bioweapons expert († 2003 )
• May 18 : James Arthur , Canadian mathematician
• May 18 : Stephen Athipozhiyil , Indian bishop
• May 18 : Justus Frantz , German pianist and conductor
• May 18 : Albert Hammond , British singer-songwriter and record producer
• May 18 : Richard Grégoire , Canadian composer
• May 18 : Rolf Schönstedt , German church musician, professor and university rector
• May 18 : WG Sebald , German writer († 2001 )
• May 19 : Frank Pellegrino , American actor and restaurateur († 2017 )
• May 20 : Marilyn Black , Australian track and field athlete and Olympian

Joe Cocker , 2003

• May 20 : Joe Cocker , British rhythm and blues singer († 2014 )
• May 20 : Dietrich Mateschitz , Austrian entrepreneur, inventor and shareholder of Red Bull
• May 21 : Haleh Afshar , Persian-British professor of politics
• May 21 : Mary Robinson , President of Ireland and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
• May 21 : Harald Schliemann , German lawyer and politician
• May 23 : John Newcombe , Australian tennis player
• May 24th : Patti LaBelle , American singer
• May 26th : Jürgen Hohl , Upper Swabian local historian and restorer
• May 26th : Sam Posey , American racing car driver
• May 27 : Rudolf Gustav Ardelt , Austrian historian
• May 28 : Nick Faure , British racing car driver
• May 28 : Rudolph Giuliani , American politician, Mayor of New York City
• May 28 : Gladys Knight , American singer and actress
• May 28 : Jean-Pierre Léaud , French actor
• May 28 : Lutz Mohr , German historian and publicist
• May 28 : Patricia Quinn , Northern Irish actress and singer
• May 29th : Helmut Berger , Austrian film actor
• May 29 : Maurice Bishop , Prime Minister of Grenada († 1983 )
• May 29 : Dagmar Chidolue , German writer
• May 31 : Peter Mattli , Swiss entrepreneur, politician and racing car driver
• May 31 : Volker Reiche , German comic artist

June

• 0June 1st : Jean-Jacques Andrien , Belgian film director, screenwriter and film producer
• 0June 1 : Björn Pätzoldt , German political scientist and publisher
• 0June 1 : Robert Powell , British actor
• 0June 2 : Marvin Hamlisch , American composer († 2012 )
• 0June 2nd : Poul Høj Jensen , Danish regatta sailor and boat builder
• 0June 2nd : Gerd Welz , German handball player and handball trainer
• 0June 2 : Garo Yepremian , American football player († 2015 )
• 0June 3 : Brigitte Kölsch , German CDU politician
• 0June 3 : Edith McGuire , American athlete and Olympic champion
• 0June 3rd : Eddy Ottoz , Italian athlete
• 0June 4th : Astrid Bless , German voice actress and actress († 2009 )
• 0June 4th : Marianne Gruber , Austrian writer
• 0June 4th : Ricky Shayne , French pop singer
• 0June 5 : Whitfield Diffie , American mathematician and cryptologist
• 0June 5 : Hartmut Esslinger , German-American product designer
• 0June 5th : Christopher Finnegan , British boxer, Olympic champion 1968 († 2009 )
• 0June 5 : Reinhard Günzel , Brigadier General ret. D. the Bundeswehr
• 0June 5 : Jaromír Klempíř , Czech pianist and composer († 2016 )
• 0June 5th : Rainer Ortleb , German politician
• 0June 5 : Tommie Smith , American athlete and Olympic champion

Edgar Froese

• 0June 6 : Edgar Froese , German pioneer of electronic music († 2015 )
• 0June 6 : Bernd Schroeder , German writer
• 0June 6th : Harald Wohlrapp , German philosopher
• 0June 7th : Miguel Ríos , Spanish musician and rock singer
• 0June 7th : Clarence White , American bluegrass musician († 1973 )
• 0June 7th : Konrad Zdarsa , German Roman Catholic Bishop
• 0June 8 : Anna Jonas , German writer († 2013 )
• 0June 8 : Cardinal Marc Ouellet , Archbishop of Québec
• 0June 8 : Boz Scaggs , American musician
• 0June 8 : Wolfgang Schnur , German lawyer and politician († 2016 )
• 0June 8 : Verena Wohlleben , German politician
• 0June 9th : Christine Goitschel , French ski racer
• June 10 : Georg Barfuß , Bavarian politician and mayor
• June 11 : Karl-Heinz Daehre , German politician
• June 11 : Jens-Peter Kurzwelly , German lawyer
• June 11th : Marcel Mignot , French racing car driver
• June 12 : Nelson Bonifacio Acosta López , Chilean-Uruguayan football player and coach

Ban Ki-moon

• June 13 : Ban Ki-moon , eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations
• June 13th : Edelgard Wendorf , German handball trainer and handball goalkeeper
• June 16 : Annie Famose , French ski racer
• June 16 : Takamiyama Daigoro , Japanese-Hawaiian sumo wrestler
• June 17th : Lucien Guitteny , French racing car driver
• June 17th : Rainer Holzschuh , German journalist
• June 17th : Jörn Ipsen , German legal scholar
• June 18 : Rainer Arbogast , German surgeon
• June 18 : Hermann Kinder , German writer and literary scholar
• June 18 : Salvador Sánchez Cerén , Salvadoran politician
• June 19th : Chico Buarque , Brazilian singer, composer and writer
• June 19 : Lothar Maier , German politician
• June 20 : Edmund Czihak , German motorcycle racer
• June 21 : Ray Davies , British musician
• June 21 : Jon Hiseman , British drummer († 2018 )
• June 22nd : Brigitte Adler , German politician († 2004 )
• June 22nd : Edna Arbel , Israeli lawyer and judge
• June 22nd : Peter Asher , English guitarist, singer, music manager and producer
• June 22nd : Eduard Berger , Protestant theologian and bishop of the Pomeranian regional church
• June 22nd : Helmut Dietl , German film director and screenwriter († 2015 )
• June 22nd : Volker Koepp , German director of documentaries
• June 22nd : Michael Schneider , German historian and political scientist
• June 23 : Peter Bieri , pseudonym: Pascal Mercier , Swiss philosopher and writer
• June 23 : Hildebrecht Braun , German politician
• June 23 : Monika Woytowicz , German actress
• June 24th : Jeff Beck , British guitarist
• June 24 : Chris Wood , British rock musician († 1983 )
• June 25 : Prince Amartey , Ghanaian boxer
• June 26 : Arthur Doyle , American jazz musician († 2014 )
• June 26th : Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov , Russian politician and chairman of the KPRF
• June 26 : Wolfgang Weber , German soccer player
• June 27 : Patrick Sercu , Belgian cyclist († 2019 )
• June 28 : Rudi Lins , Austrian racing car driver
• June 28 : Klaus Middendorf , German literary agent and writer († 2017 )
• June 28 : Aleksandar Ristić , Bosnian-Croatian football coach
• June 29 : Seán Patrick O'Malley , American bishop
• June 30th : Michael Repacholi , Australian physicist, biologist and radiation protection expert

July

• 0July 1 : Salgueiro Maia , Portuguese officer who was instrumental in the Carnation Revolution († 1992 )
• 0July 2 : Abdul Rahman Ashraf , German-Afghan geologist
• 0July 2nd : Hans-Werner Bertl , German politician
• 0July 2 : Frederick A. Hall , Canadian musicologist and educator
• 0July 2 : Dieter Salevsky , German enduro athlete († 2019 )
• 0July 3 : Luis Cardei , Argentine tango singer († 2000 )
• 0July 3rd : Michel Polnareff , French pop musician
• 0July 3 : Jethro Pugh , American football player and entrepreneur († 2015 )
• 0July 4th : Harvey Brooks , American musician
• 0July 4th : Jaimy Gordon , American writer
• 0July 6th : Gunhild Hoffmeister , German athlete
• 0July 6 : Andor Izsák , Hungarian organist, musicologist and conductor, founder of the European Center for Jewish Music
• 0July 6 : Claude-Michel Schönberg , French musical composer
• 0July 6 : Bernhard Schlink , German writer

Jürgen Grabowski , 1974

• 0July 7th : Jürgen Grabowski , German soccer player
• 0July 7th : Araquem de Melo , Brazilian soccer player († 2001 )
• 0July 7th : Peter Rzepka , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• 0July 8 : Wolfgang Fürniß , German politician (CDU), State Minister († 2017 )
• 0July 9 : Karl Menrad , German actor
• July 10th : Mick Grant , British motorcycle racer
• July 11 : Edwin Noël , German actor († 2004 )
• July 12 : Jean-François Jenny-Clark , French double bass player († 1998 )
• July 13 : Egon Coordes , German soccer player and soccer coach
• July 13 : Ernő Rubik , Hungarian sculptor, architect and inventor
• July 14 : Walter Mende , German politician († 2018 )
• July 14 : Henning Pawel , German children's book author and writer
• July 15 : Rosemarie Bauer , Austrian politician (ÖVP)
• July 15 : Iancu Dumitrescu , Romanian composer
• July 15 : Bernd-Lutz Lange , German author and cabaret artist
• July 15 : Klaas de Vries , Dutch composer
• July 16 : Jörg Fauser , German writer and journalist († 1987 )
• July 17th : Catherine Schell , Hungarian actress
• July 18 : Georges Anglade , Haitian-Canadian writer, geographer and politician († 2010 )
• July 18 : Daniel Hell , Swiss psychiatrist and author
• July 19 : Philip DeGuere , American screenwriter († 2005 )
• July 19 : Didier Levallet , French jazz double bass player and band leader
• July 20 : Jens-Peter Ostendorf , German composer († 2006 )
• July 21 : Michel de Carvalho , British actor and luge rider
• July 21 : Volker Gerhardt , German philosopher
• July 21 : John Atta Mills , Ghanaian politician and President († 2012 )

Rick Davies, 2002

• July 22nd : Rick Davies , British musician and songwriter
• July 22nd : Lew Hohmann , German filmmaker and film scholar
• July 23 : Alex Buzo , Australian playwright and author († 2006 )
• July 23 : Walt Garrison , American football player
• July 24th : Jim Armstrong , British rock and blues guitarist
• July 24 : Jan-Carl Raspe , German terrorist and member of the RAF († 1977 )
• July 24th : Marianne Sydow , German writer († 2013 )
• July 25 : Caio Koch-Weser , German State Secretary
• July 26th : Ann-Christine Nyström , Finnish pop singer
• July 26 : John Hawkins , Canadian composer and pianist († 2007 )
• July 27th : Margot Anand , French psychologist and neotantra teacher
• July 27 : Jonas Andriškevičius , Lithuanian general
• July 27th : Jean-Marie Leblanc , French sports journalist
• July 27 : Barbara Thompson , British jazz saxophonist, flutist and composer
• July 28 : Udo Walz , German hairdresser
• July 30 : Renate Feyl , German writer
• July 31 : Geraldine Chaplin , American actress

Robert Carhart Merton

• July 31 : Robert C. Merton , American financial scientist, Nobel Prize winner
• July 31 : Paolo Pileri , Italian motorcycle racer († 2007 )
• 00.July: Wilhelm Schellenberg , German linguist

August

• 0August 1st : Alfons Adam , Austrian lawyer and politician
• 0August 2nd : Jim Capaldi , British musician († 2005 )
• 0August 2nd : Jeannette Miller , Dominican poet and narrator, essayist, educator and art historian
• 0August 2nd : Hans Muff , Swiss music producer, clarinet and saxophone player († 2015 )
• 0August 2nd : Mark Naftalin , American multi-instrumentalist
• 0August 2nd : Naná Vasconcelos , Brazilian jazz musician († 2016 )
• 0August 4th : Gregor Benko , American publicist and editor of historical piano recordings
• 0August 4th : Orhan Gencebay , Turkish musician and producer
• 0August 4th : Björn Hellberg , Swedish writer
• 0August 4th : Barbara Wittig , German politician
• 0August 5th : Polycarp Pengo , Archbishop of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania
• 0August 5 : Hans-Peter Uhl , German politician († 2019 )
• 0August 6th : Friedemann Schulz von Thun , German communication scientist
• 0August 7 : Dave Morgan , British racing car driver († 2018 )
• 0August 7 : David Rasche , American actor
• 0August 8th : Derib , Swiss comic artist
• 0August 8 : John Holmes , American porn actor († 1988 )
• 0August 8 : John Renbourn , British folk singer and guitarist († 2015 )
• 0August 9 : Astrid Frank , German actress
• 0August 9 : Lars-Erik Rosell , Swedish composer († 2005 )
• August 10 : Björn Ferm , Swedish modern pentathlete
• August 11th : Ernst Arnegger , German politician
• August 11 : Klaus Beckmann , German politician († 1994 )
• August 12 : Francesco Morini , Italian football player
• August 13 : Divina Galica , British ski racer and automobile racer
• August 14 : Arne Elsholtz , German actor, voice actor and screenwriter († 2016 )
• August 15 : Gianfranco Ferré , Italian fashion designer and entrepreneur († 2007 )
• August 15 : Sylvie Vartan , French chanson and pop singer and actress
• August 15 : Franz Vogler , German ski racer
• August 15 : Detert Zylmann , German archaeologist
• August 16 : Kevin Ayers , British musician († 2013 )
• August 16 : Friederike de Haas , German politician († 2019 )
• August 16 : James Alix Michel , President of the Republic of Seychelles
• August 16 : Karin Schubert , German politician

Larry Ellison , 2009

• August 17th : Larry Ellison , American entrepreneur
• August 17th : Jörg Friedrich , German historian
• August 17 : Rexhep Meidani , Albanian politician and president
• August 17th : Werner Weingärtner , German soccer player
• August 18 : Kurt Hutterli , Swiss writer
• August 18 : Claudia Keller , German writer
• August 18 : Volker Lechtenbrink , German actor and pop singer
• August 18 : Bodo Wolf (voice actor ) , German actor
• August 19 : Bernardo Baraj , Argentine jazz saxophonist
• August 19 : Georg Lewandowski , German politician
• August 19 : Jakob von Uexküll , philatelist and philanthropist

Rajiv Gandhi , 1989

• August 20 : Rajiv Gandhi , Indian politician († 1991 )
• August 20 : Rudolf Thanner , German ice hockey player († 2007 )
• August 20 : Michael B. Tretow , Swedish music producer, sound engineer and musician
• August 21 : Ilka von Boeselager , German politician and MdL, entrepreneur
• August 21 : Peter Weir , Australian director
• August 22 : Franz Peter Basten , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
• August 22 : Peter Hofmann , German opera singer (tenor) († 2010 )
• August 23 : Gustav Ernst , Austrian writer
• August 23 : Thomas Frey , Austrian actor
• August 24 : Edward Joseph Adams , American clergyman
• August 24 : Christine Chubbuck , American TV presenter († 1974 )
• August 25 : Anthony Heald , American actor
• August 25 : Erwin Hermandung , German football player
• August 26 : Patrick Devedjian , French politician and lawyer († 2020 )
• August 26 : Ute Luig , German ethnologist
• August 26 : Richard, Duke of Gloucester , Member of the British Royalty
• August 26th : Maureen Ann "Moe" Tucker , American drummer
• August 27 : Gebhard Arbeiter , Austrian state official, trade unionist and politician († 2015 )
• August 27 : Tim Bogert , American rock musician (bass)
• August 27 : Barry Conyngham , Australian composer and music educator
• August 29 : Lukas Hartmann , Swiss writer
• August 29 : Arun Singh , Indian politician
• August 30 : Molly Ivins , American newspaper columnist, political commentator and bestselling author († 2007 )
• August 30 : Frank Edwin McGraw Jr. , American baseball player († 2004 )
• August 30 : Wolf Roth , German actor

September

Claude Nicollier

• 0September 2nd : Claude Nicollier , Swiss military, airline and NASA test pilot and astronaut
• 0September 2nd : Pablo Ziegler , Argentine pianist, composer and arranger
• 0September 4 : Hédi Annabi , Tunisian UN diplomat († 2010 )
• 0September 4 : Anthony Atkinson , British economist († 2017 )
• 0September 4 : Gene Parsons , American country musician
• 0September 5 : Hans-Jörg Böckeler , German composer († 2018 )
• 0September 5th : Roger Dorchy , French racing car driver
• 0September 5 : Urban Gwerder , Swiss writer, artist and editor († 2017 )
• 0September 5th : Jørn Sloth , Danish chess master
• 0September 7th : Bora Milutinović , Yugoslav soccer player and Serbian-Mexican soccer coach
• 0September 8 : Ali Benflis , Algerian politician and Prime Minister
• 0September 8th : Lothar König , German politician
• 0September 8 : Eva Kreisky , Austrian political scientist and lawyer
• 0September 9 : Bernard-Nicolas Jean-Marie Aubertin , French Archbishop
• 0September 9 : George Mraz , American jazz double bass player
• September 12 : Eddie Keizan , South African racing car driver († 2016 )
• September 12th : Leonard Peltier , Indian freedom fighter
• September 12th : Rolf Schnellecke , Lord Mayor of Wolfsburg
• September 12 : Barry White , American soul singer and producer († 2003 )

Jacqueline Bisset

• September 13 : Jacqueline Bisset , British actress
• September 13 : Leslie Harvey , Scottish rock guitarist († 1972 )
• September 13 : Mike Marshall , French-American actor († 2005 )
• September 13 : Gerhard Randa , Austrian bank manager
• September 13 : Hartmut Schauerte , German politician and Member of the Bundestag

Günter Netzer

• September 14th : Günter Netzer , German soccer player
• September 14 : Martin Sperr , German playwright and actor († 2002 )
• September 14 : Bernd Tödte , Vice President of the Federal Patent Court
• September 15 : Jean-Claude Cousseran , French diplomat
• September 15 : Jürgen Schrempp , German manager, Chairman of the Board of Management of DaimlerChrysler
• September 16 : Herma Koehn , German actress and radio play speaker
• September 17th : Viktoria Brams , German actors
• September 17th : Reinhold Messner , South Tyrolean mountaineer
• September 18 : Anthonie Gerrit Hendrik Anbeek van der Meijden , Dutch author and literary scholar
• September 18 : Gunther Emmerlich , German singer and presenter
• September 18 : Michael Franks , American jazz singer
• September 19 : Rainer Eisenhardt , German soccer player and coach
• September 19 : Friedrich Christian Flick , German lawyer, entrepreneur and art collector
• September 20 : Barbara Ahrons , German politician
• September 20 : Josef F. Bille , German physicist
• September 21 : Fannie Flagg , American writer
• September 22nd : Maurice Arbez , French ski jumper and ski jumping official
• September 22nd : Brian Gibson , British film director, screenwriter and film producer († 2004 )
• September 23 : Eric Bogle , Scottish-Australian singer, singer-songwriter and peace activist
• September 23 : Ivan Martin Jirous , Czech lyric poet († 2011 )
• September 24 : Bernd Bransch , German football player
• September 24th : Diana Körner , German actress
• September 24 : Henry Kotowski , German rock musician († 2019 )

Michael Douglas, 2004

• September 25 : Michael Douglas , American actor and producer
• September 25 : Otthein Herzog , German computer scientist
• September 25 : Monika Lindner , Director General of ORF
• September 26th : András Adorján , Hungarian flautist
• September 26 : Jan Brewer , American politician
• September 26th : Charles Chaput , Archbishop of Philadelphia
• September 26th : Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard , Archbishop of Bordeaux
• September 26 : Peter Turrini , Austrian writer
• September 27th : Frieder Anders , German Taiji master
• September 27 : Franz Hodjak , German writer
• September 27 : Helmut Kosmehl , German handball player
• September 27th : Angélica María , Mexican singer and actress
• September 28 : Robert J. Barro , American economist
• September 28th : Thomas Graf , Austrian virologist and cancer researcher
• September 28 : Ilse Ridder-Melchers , German politician
• September 28 : Miloš Zeman , Czech politician, Prime Minister
• September 29 : Lerke Osterloh , German tax law scholar and judge at the Federal Constitutional Court
• September 29 : Mike Post , American composer and producer

October

• 0October 1st : Antti Tuuri , Finnish writer
• 0October 2nd : Abas Arslanagić , Bosnian-Herzegovinian handball coach and handball goalkeeper
• 0October 2nd : Ton Koopman , Dutch conductor, organist and harpsichordist
• 0October 2nd : Inge Maux , Austrian actress
• 0October 2 : Vernor Vinge , American computer scientist and SF writer
• 0October 3 : Daniele Fagarazzi , Italian comic artist († 2019 )
• 0October 3 : Roy Horn , German-American tamer and magician († 2020 )
• 0October 3 : Bob Riley , American politician
• 0October 4th : Franz Brandl , German bar master and non-fiction author
• 0October 4th : Eddie Gomez , American jazz bassist
• 0October 5th : Michael Ande , German actor
• 0October 6 : Boris Petrovich Mikhailov , Soviet ice hockey player
• 0October 7th : Jean Arthuis , French politician
• 0October 7th : Simon Mark Arthur , British peer, pilot and businessman

Geyer (left) as coach of Dynamo Dresden in 1989

• 0October 7th : Eduard Geyer , German soccer player and coach
• 0October 7th : Donald Tsang , head of administration of the Hong Kong Chinese Special Economic Zone
• 0October 8 : Reinhold Hemker , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
• 0October 8 : Susan Raye , American country singer
• 0October 9 : John Entwistle , British rock musician († 2002 )
• 0October 9 : Wolfgang Neugebauer , Austrian historian
• October 11th : Joana , German singer
• October 12 : Abdülkadir Aksu , Turkish politician
• October 12 : Heide Maria Pfarr , German lawyer and politician
• October 12 : Song Du-yul , German sociologist
• October 13 : Jörg Berger , German soccer player and soccer coach († 2010 )
• October 14 : Udo Kier , German actor
• October 14th : Volker Kluge , German sports journalist and publicist
• October 15 : Orlando Antonini , Italian Archbishop and Diplomat
• October 15 : Jesús Atienza Serna , Spanish Ambassador
• October 15 : Sali Berisha , Albanian politician and president
• October 15 : Peter Porsch , German politician
• October 15 : Haim Saban , Israeli-US media entrepreneur

David Trimble

• October 15 : David Trimble , Northern Irish politician, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate (1998)
• October 17th : Ulli Arnold , German business economist
• October 17th : Werner Asam , German actor and director
• October 17 : Nobutaka Machimura , Japanese politician († 2015 )
• October 18 : Harry Blum , German politician († 2000 )
• October 18 : Hans Büttner , German politician († 2004 )
• October 18 : Nelson Freire , Brazilian pianist
• October 19 : Clemens Klopfenstein , Swiss filmmaker
• October 19 : George McCrae , American pop and R&B singer
• October 19 : Peter Tosh , Jamaican singer († 1987 )
• October 21 : Martin Roda Becher , Swiss writer
• October 21 : Ene Mihkelson , Estonian writer († 2017 )
• October 22 : Hansjürgen Hürrig , German actor
• October 22nd : Doris Kunstmann , German actress
• October 23 : Inge Utzt , German politician
• October 24 : Ted Templeman , American rock music producer
• October 25 : Jon Anderson , British rock musician and singer
• October 25 : James Carville , American advisor, commentator, and critic in politics
• October 26 : Kenneth Lee Ascher , American pianist and keyboardist
• October 26th : Martin Jellinghaus , German athlete
• October 26 : Leta Semadeni , Swiss writer
• October 26th : Angelika Waller , German actress
• October 27 : Ruth Herz , German judge, specialist author and actress
• October 27 : Georg von Waldenfels , German politician, manager and sports official
• October 28 : Coluche , French film actor and comedian († 1986 )
• October 28th : Anton Schlecker , founder of Schlecker drugstores
• October 29 : Berta Ambrož , Yugoslav singer († 2003 )
• October 29 : Vita Andersen , Danish author
• October 29 : Denny Laine , British rock musician
• October 29 : Fausto Leali , Italian singer
• October 29 : Barbara Stamm , German politician
• October 30 : Ahmad Tschalabi , Iraqi mathematics professor and politician († 2015 )
• October 31 : Paul Drechsel , German cultural scientist
• October 31 : Kinky Friedman , American country musician, writer, and politician
• October 31 : Otto Wiesheu , German politician, Bavarian State Minister for Economic Affairs

November

• 0November 1st : Gabriele Geißler , German table tennis player († 2006 )

Rafiq al-Hariri

• 0November 1 : Rafiq al-Hariri , Lebanese Prime Minister († 2005 )
• 0November 2 : Michael Buffer , American entertainer
• 0November 2 : Patrice Chéreau , French director († 2013 )
• 0November 2nd : Keith Emerson , keyboardist and pianist for The Nice and Emerson, Lake and Palmer († 2016 )
• 0November 2nd : Liesel Westermann , German athlete
• 0November 3 : Eva Renzi , German actress († 2005 )
• 0November 4th : Willem Breuker , Dutch jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, composer and band leader († 2010 )
• 0November 4th : Wolfgang von Geldern , German politician
• 0November 4th : Eduard Lintner , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• 0November 5 : Siegfried Scheffler , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• 0November 6th : Aksoltan Töreýewna Ataýewa , Turkmen politician and diplomat
• 0November 6 : Wild Man Fischer , American musician († 2011 )
• 0November 6 : Claus Schick , German politician ( SPD )
• 0November 6th : Volker Sklenar , German politician
• 0November 7th : Luigi Riva , Italian football player
• 0November 7th : Ingrid Schubert , German terrorist († 1977 )
• 0November 8 : Kamau Muata Adilifu , American jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player
• 0November 9 : George Armstrong , English football player and coach († 2000 )
• 0November 9 : Jörg Duppler , German naval officer and military historian
• 0November 9 : Phil May , British singer and composer († 2020 )
• 0November 9th : Herbert Wimmer , German soccer player
• November 10 : Tim Rice , British musical and film writer
• November 11th : Andreas E. Furtwängler , German classical archaeologist
• November 11 : Kemal Sunal , Turkish actor († 2000 )
• November 12th : Matthijs van den Adel , Dutch bank manager
• November 12 : Ken Houston , American football player and coach
• November 12th : Thomas Kuczynski , German statistician and economist
• November 12th : Xavier Mathiot , French racing car driver
• November 13th : Eugenio Arellano Fernández , Spanish Vicar
• November 13 : Li Yingfa , Chinese soccer coach and official
• November 13 : Timmy Thomas , American singer and songwriter
• November 14 : Karen Armstrong , British religious scholar
• November 15 : Joy Fleming , German singer († 2017 )
• November 15 : Jobst Knigge , German journalist and historian
• November 15 : Maurizio Micangeli , Italian racing car driver
• November 15th : Hans Ree , Dutch chess grandmaster
• November 16 : Manfred Berger , German educational scientist / historian
• November 16 : Hugo Dittberner , German writer
• November 16 : Katharina Sieverding , German photographer

Danny DeVito 2013

• November 17 : Danny DeVito , American actor
• November 17th : Rem Koolhaas , Dutch architect
• November 17th : Fitzgerald Kusz , German writer
• November 17th : Hagen Müller , German politician
• November 18 : Ibrahim Böhme , German politician († 1999 )

Wolfgang Joop , 2009

• November 18 : Wolfgang Joop , German fashion designer
• November 18 : Caroline Krook , Swedish bishop
• November 19 : Agnes Baltsa , Greek mezzo-soprano and chamber singer

Klaus Fichtel

• November 19 : Klaus Fichtel , German soccer player
• November 20 : Henk Alkema , Dutch composer and professor († 2011 )
• November 20th : Hervé Bayard , French racing car driver
• November 20 : Donald DiFrancesco , American politician
• November 20 : Eberhard Sinner , Bavarian politician
• November 20 : Klaus Weiß , German handball goalkeeper († 2000 )
• November 21 : Harold Ramis , American actor, director and screenwriter († 2014 )
• November 22nd : Michael Krapp , German politician
• November 22nd : Yitzchak Mordechai , Israeli general and politician
• November 22nd : Kurt Rossmanith , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• November 22nd : Heinz Simmet , German soccer player
• November 23 : Joe Eszterhas , American screenwriter
• November 24th : Werner Abelshauser , German economic historian
• November 24th : Georg Janovsky , German politician
• November 25 : Barbara Ambrosius , German lawyer
• November 25th : Günter Faltin , German university professor
• November 25 : Maarten 't Hart , Dutch writer
• November 25 : Vladimir Anatolyevich Jakowlew , Russian politician
• November 26th : Roberto Fontanarrosa , Argentinian comic artist († 2007 )
• November 26th : Karin Schubert , German actress
• November 27 : Erich Hamann , German soccer player
• November 27th : Wolfgang Nairz , Austrian mountaineer, mountain guide and entrepreneur
• November 28 : Rita Mae Brown , American writer
• November 29th : Helmut Dähne , German motorcycle racer
• November 30th : Fritz Astl , Austrian politician († 2000 )

December

• 0December 1st : Pierre Arditi , French actor
• 0December 1 : Kamal Kharrazi , Foreign Minister of Iran
• 0December 1 : John Densmore , American drummer
• 0December 1st : Achim Exner , Lord Mayor of Wiesbaden from 1985 to 1997
• 0December 2nd : Jacky Ravenel , French racing car driver
• 0December 2 : Ibrahim Rugova , political leader of the Albanian Kosovars († 2006 )
• 0December 2 : Botho Strauss , German writer and playwright
• 0December 3 : Olaf Friedrich Eckehard Anders , German physician
• 0December 3 : Ayo-Maria Atoyebi , Ghanaian bishop
• 0December 3rd : Jesper Bøje Christensen , Danish harpsichordist and music researcher
• 0December 3rd : Ralph McTell , British musician
• 0December 4th : Chris Hillman , country rock pioneer
• 0December 4th : François Migault , French racing car driver († 2012 )
• 0December 4 : Dennis Wilson , American musician (The Beach Boys) († 1983 )
• 0December 5 : Hideyuki Ashihara , Japanese karateka († 1995 )
• 0December 5th : Jeroen Krabbé , Dutch actor and film director
• 0December 6 : Willie Hutch , American singer and record producer († 2005 )
• 0December 6th : Imre Kőszegi , Hungarian jazz drummer
• 0December 7th : Daniel Chorzempa , American organist
• 0December 9th : Christoph Albrecht , German theater and musicologist
• 0December 9 : Wolfram Ax , German Classical Philology († 2020 )
• 0December 9 : Neil Innes , English musician and composer († 2019 )
• December 11th : Brenda Lee , American country singer
• December 11 : Juan E. Méndez , UN special envoy on torture
• December 11th : Gianni Morandi , Italian singer
• December 11th : Hans Rauscher , Austrian journalist and book author
• December 12th : Alex Acuña , Peruvian drummer and percussionist
• December 12th : Siegmar Faust , German writer and civil rights activist
• December 14th : Michael Glos , German politician
• December 15 : Chico Mendes , Brazilian founder of the rubber tapping union († 1988 )
• December 16 : John Abercrombie , American guitarist († 2017 )
• December 16 : Nǃxau , Namibian San and actor († 2003 )

Bernard Hill

• December 17th : Bernard Hill , British actor
• December 19 : Rüdiger vom Bruch , German modern historian († 2017 )
• December 19 : William Christie , American-French conductor and harpsichordist
• December 19 : Josef Gassner , Liechtenstein ski racer
• December 19 : Richard Leakey , Kenyan paleoanthropologist
• December 19 : Alvin Lee , British guitarist (Ten Years After) († 2013 )
• December 19 : Heinz-Günter Prager , German sculptor
• December 20 : Amara Essy , politician from Côte d'Ivoire, President of the 49th UN General Assembly
• December 20th : Christoph Franke , German soccer player and coach
• December 20 : Gernot Wolfgruber , Austrian writer
• December 21 : Christel Aschmoneit-Lücke , German politician
• December 21 : Werner Busch , German art historian
• December 23 : Wesley Clark , US politician and NATO commander in chief
• December 24th : Lothar Ibrügger , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
• December 24th : Erhard Keller , German speed skater
• December 24th : Dan Miller , Canadian politician
• December 24th : Woody Shaw , American jazz trumpeter († 1989 )
• December 25 : Jairzinho , Brazilian soccer player and coach
• December 25 : Henry Vestine , American guitarist († 1997 )
• December 26th : Susanne Juhnke , German actress
• December 26th : Jane Lapotaire , British actress
• December 27 : Vijay Arora , Indian film actor († 2007 )
• December 27th : Hans-Jürgen Buchner , German musician and composer
• December 27 : Magne Hegdal , Norwegian composer, pianist and music critic
• December 27th : Mick Jones , British guitarist, songwriter and record producer
• December 27th : Inge Meyer-Dietrich , German author of children's and young people's books
• December 27 : Markus Werner , Swiss writer († 2016 )
• December 28th : Noel Ahern , Irish politician
• December 28 : Gerhard Schlichting , German lawyer and judge at the Federal Court of Justice
• December 29 : Gilbert Adair , British writer and film critic († 2011 )
• December 29 : Joseph W. Dauben , American historian of mathematics and science
• December 29th : Friedrich Fröschle , German organist, church music director and cantor at Ulm Minster
• December 30th : Bernd Kauffmann , German cultural manager and lawyer
• December 30th : Sigrid Meuschel , German political scientist († 2016 )
• December 31 : Taylor Hackford , American director and producer
• December 31 : Dieter Weirich , German journalist, director

Exact date of birth unknown

• Ramiz Abdyli , Albanian scientist and historian
• Yossi Abolafia , Israeli author and illustrator
• Marcos Acayaba , Brazilian architect and urban planner
• Hans Georg Ahrens , German opera singer
• İhsan Aksoy , Turkish author
• Omar Amiralay , Syrian filmmaker († 2011 )
• Vladimir Borisovich Amokov , Russian artist
• El Anatsui , Ghanaian sculptor
• Axel Andree , German theater director, writer, painter and set designer
• Klaus P. Arnold , German politician
• Conrad Artmüller , Austrian conductor
• Ayhan Aşut , Turkish soccer player and coach
• Mohammed Atef , Egyptian terrorist († 2001 )
• Abbas Attar , Iranian-French photojournalist († 2018 )
• Ali Suleiman Audjali , Libyan diplomat
• Verena Auffermann , German publicist, literary critic, lecturer and editor
• Nora Bendig , Austrian actress
• Dolf Bissinger , Austrian architect and painter
• Antônio Brasileiro , Brazilian writer
• Maria Brylanka , Polish violinist
• Mihran Dabag , German scientist and publicist
• John T. Draper , American phreaker, hacker and software developer
• René Giessen , German musician, composer and conductor
• Marikke Heinz-Hoek , German painter and installation and video artist
• Peter Hely , Australian lawyer and federal judge († 2005 )
• Kō Iwasaki , American cellist and music teacher
• Elsa Justel , Argentine composer
• Jürgen Kussmaul , German musician
• Marie Laurent , French racing car driver († 2015 )
• Hans-Joachim Manske , German art historian and curator
• Hassan Moustafa , Egyptian handball player, sports scientist and handball official
• Hubert Mulzer , German actor
• Christa Murken , German art historian
• Geri Nasarski , German television journalist († 2020 )
• Štěpán Neuwirth , Czech writer and publicist
• Giselher Schubert , German musicologist
• Ernst-Erich Stender , German church musician and organist
• Andrzej Straszyński , Polish conductor
• Olga Szwajgier , Polish singer, composer and music teacher
• Rosemarie Tietze , German literary translator
• Allan Vogel , American oboist and music teacher
• David Weir , American racing driver († 2012 )
• Rolf Witthöft , German enduro athlete and entrepreneur

Died

January February

• 0January 7th : Otto Salzer , German mechanic and racing car driver (* 1874 )
• 0January 7th : Erwin Schloss , German Protestant clergyman (* 1894 )
• 0January 8 : Josef Angermann , Austrian typesetter and communist (* 1912 )

Antanas Smetona

• 0January 9 : Antanas Smetona , first President of the Republic of Lithuania (* 1874 )
• January 11 : John Walter Christie , American racing car driver, engineer, inventor and entrepreneur (* 1865 )
• January 11 : Galeazzo Ciano , Italian politician and diplomat (* 1903 )
• January 12th : Juliette Paxton Atkinson , American tennis player (* 1873 )
• January 12th : Willi Milke , German communist resistance fighter against National Socialism and victims of National Socialism (* 1896 )
• January 13 : Geza Slovig , Romanian-German church musician, music teacher and composer (* 1897 )
• January 14 : Hàm Nghi , eighth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty (* 1871 )
• January 15 : Giuseppe Loretz , Italian cyclist (* 1860 )
• January 18 : Greten Handorf , German shipowner (* 1880 )
• January 20 : James McKeen Cattell , American psychologist (* 1860 )
• January 22 : Charles Erskine Scott Wood , American officer, lawyer, writer (* 1852 )

Edvard Munch , 1905/1906

• January 23 : Edvard Munch , Norwegian painter and graphic artist (* 1863 )
• January 25 : Monzō Akiyama , Japanese rear admiral (* 1891 )
• January 25 : Frederick Van Nuys , American politician (* 1874 )
• January 27 : Anton Fränznick , Catholic priest (* 1889 )
• January 30th : Eduardo Dagnino , Italian composer, musicologist and chess player (* 1876 )
• January 30th : Hermann Kükelhaus , German poet (* 1920 )
• January 31 : Jean Giraudoux , French playwright (* 1882 )
• January 31 : Thomas W. Hardwick , American politician (* 1872 )
• January 31 : Árpád Weisz , Hungarian football player and coach (* 1896 )
• January 31 : William Allen White , American journalist, politician and writer (* 1868 )

Piet Mondrian

• 0February 1 : Piet Mondrian , Dutch painter (* 1872 )
• 0February 7 : Robert Ezra Park , American sociologist (* 1864 )
• 0February 9 : Wera Tubandt , German chemist (* 1881 )
• February 10 : Eugène Michel Antoniadi , Greek astronomer (* 1870 )
• February 10 : Alfred Bachelet , French composer, conductor and music teacher (* 1864 )
• February 11 : Carl Meinhof , German pastor and Africanist (* 1857 )
• February 18 : Richard C. McMullen , American politician (* 1868 )
• February 21 : Giacinto Ghia , Italian automobile designer (* 1887 )
• February 21 : Ferenc Szisz , French-Hungarian racing driver (* 1873 )
• February 23 : Leo Hendrik Baekeland , Belgian-American chemist (* 1863 )
• February 25 : Charles L. McNary , American politician (* 1874 )
• February 26 : Berthold Jacob , German journalist and pacifist (* 1898 )
• February 27 : Gustav Amweg , Swiss author and teacher (* 1874 )
• February 29 : Pehr Evind Svinhufvud , Finnish statesman (* 1861 )

March April

• 0March 1 : Thomas Edward Campbell , American politician (* 1878 )
• 0March 5 : Edward Cooke Armstrong , American Romanist and Medievalist (* 1871 )
• 0March 5 : Rudolf Harbig , German athlete (* 1913 )
• 0March 6th : Ernst Julius Cohen , Dutch chemist (* 1869 )
• March 12 : Romolo Murri , Italian theologian (* 1870 )
• March 14 : Pawel Grigoryevich Tschesnokow , Russian composer and choirmaster (* 1877 )
• March 18 : William Hale Thompson , American politician (* 1869 )
• March 20 : Felix Woyrsch , German composer and music director (* 1860 )
• March 21 : Pierre de Caters , Belgian automobile and motorboat racing driver, aviation pioneer and entrepreneur (* 1875 )
• March 23 : Jared Y. Sanders , American politician (* 1869 )
• March 24th : Aldo Finzi , Italian motorcycle racer, officer, fascist politician of Jewish origin, lawyer, sports politician and resistance fighter (* 1891 )
• March 24th : Orde Wingate , British major general (* 1903 )
• March 28th : Jean-Marie Plum , Belgian composer and organist. (* 1899 )
• March 29 : John Holmes Arnold , American politician (* 1862 )
• March: Benno Arnold , German textile industrialist (* 1876 )

• 0April 1 : Leopold Binental , Polish musicologist and teacher (* 1886 )
• 0April 1 : Charles F. Scott , American electrical engineer (* 1864 )

Isolde Kurz

• 0April 6 : Isolde Kurz , German writer (* 1853 )
• 0April 6 : eoplauen , German draftsman and cartoonist (* 1903 )
• 0April 8 : Albert Maria Fuchs , German auxiliary bishop (* 1876 )
• 0April 9 : Bolesław Wallek-Walewski , Polish composer, conductor and music teacher (* 1885 )
• April 12th : Adrian Warburton , British reconnaissance pilot (* 1918 )
• April 13 : Cécile Chaminade , French pianist and composer (* 1857 )
• April 17th : Max Josef Metzger , Catholic priest (* 1887 )
• April 20 : Hans Angerer , Austrian high school professor, geologist and politician (* 1871 )
• April 21 : Hans Hube , German Colonel General (* 1890 )
• April 22nd : Hippolyte Aucouturier , French cyclist (* 1876 )
• April 22nd : Edmund Schulthess , Swiss politician (* 1868 )
• April 23 : Chikamatsu Shūkō , Japanese writer and literary critic (* 1876 )
• April 24th : Georg Bredig , German chemist (* 1868 )
• April 24 : Kilian Kirchhoff , German priest, translator and dissident (* 1892 )
• April 24 : Dewey Scanlon , American football coach (* 1899 )
• April 25 : William Stephens , 24th Governor of California (* 1859 )
• April 27 : Dmitri Alexejewitsch Smirnow , Russian singer (tenor) (* 1881 )
• April 28 : Joseph-Arthur Bernier , Canadian composer, organist, pianist and music teacher (* 1877 )
• April 28 : William F. Knox , American politician (* 1874 )
• April 29 : Bernardino Machado , Portuguese politician (* 1851 )
• April 30th : Franz Hörner , German racing driver (* 1882 )

May June

• 0May 1 : Jizchak Katzenelson , Jewish writer (* 1886 )
• 0May 2 : Paul Max Eugen Adloff , German dentist and anthropologist (* 1870 )
• 0May 4th : Karl Bröger , German worker poet (* 1886 )
• 0May 5 : Bertha Benz , wife of Carl Benz (* 1849 )
• 0May 6 : Paul Oskar Höcker , German editor and writer (* 1865 )
• 0May 8 : Alexander Beer , German architect and master builder in Berlin (* 1873 )
• 0May 8 : Georg Groscurth , German doctor and resistance fighter (* 1904 )
• 0May 8 : Hanns Sassmann , Austrian writer (* 1882 )

Ethel Smyth

• 0May 8 : Ethel Smyth , British composer, conductor, writer and suffragette (* 1858 )
• 0May 9 : Friedrich Koepp , German classical philologist and archaeologist (* 1860 )
• May 11 : Marat Ivanawitsch Kasej , Belarusian partisan fighter, Hero of the Soviet Union (* 1929 )
• May 12 : Arthur Quiller-Couch , English writer and critic (* 1863 )
• May 12 : Oskar Kusch , German submarine commander (* 1918 )
• May 16 : George Ade , American writer (* 1866 )
• May 17 : Milena Jesenská , Austrian-Czech writer (* 1896 )
• May 19 : Karl Gerold Goetz , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1865 )
• May 21 : René Daumal , French writer (* 1908 )
• May 21 : Emanuel Larisch , KPD politician and resistance fighter (* 1906 )
• May 21 : Zurab Avalishvili , Georgian historian and politician (* 1876 )
• May 24th : Alfred Montmarquette , Canadian folk composer and accordionist (* 1871 )
• May 26 : Paul Schultheiss , German general (* 1893 )
• May 26 : Christian Wirth , German criminal police officer (* 1885 )
• May 27 : Ernst Wille , SPD politician and resistance fighter (* 1894 )
• 30 May : Frédéric Pelletier , Canadian music critic, choir director and composer (* 1870 )
• May 30th : Bruno Granichstaedten , Austrian composer (* 1879 )

• 0June 2 : Fritz Beindorff , German entrepreneur (* 1860 )

Jozef Beck

• 0June 5 : Józef Beck , Polish Foreign Minister (* 1894 )
• 0June 5 : Riccardo Zandonai , Italian composer and conductor (* 1883 )
• 0June 9 : Johanna Kirchner , German resistance fighter (* 1889 )
• June 13 : Gereon Josef Ausserlechner , Austrian Premonstratensian and resistance fighter (* 1904 )
• June 13 : Henri Ghéon , French writer (* 1875 )
• June 14th : Georges Barrère , French flautist (* 1876 )
• June 14 : Lubor Niederle , Czech archaeologist, anthropologist, ethnographer and historian (* 1865 )
• June 16 : Marc Bloch , French historian (* 1886 )
• June 17 : Frieda Schanz , German author and teacher for young people (* 1859 )
• June 19 : Lilli Jahn , German doctor and letter author (* 1900 )
• June 20 : Jean Zay , French politician and minister (* 1904 )
• June 21 : Arie Noordtzij , Dutch Reformed theologian (* 1871 )
• June 23 : Eduard Dietl , German general (* 1890 )
• June 25 : James Richard Atkin , British lawyer (* 1867 )
• June 26 : Walther Arndt , German zoologist and medic (* 1891 )
• June 27 : Hans Kloepfer , Austrian doctor and writer (* 1867 )
• June 27 : Vera Menchik , chess player (* 1906 )
• June 28 : Anton Breinl , Austrian zoologist and physician (* 1880 )
• June 28 : Hermann "Hannes" Hansen , German field handball player (* 1912 )

July August

• 0July 9 : Alfred Forke , German sinologist (* 1867 )
• July 10 : Robert Abshagen , German communist and resistance fighter (* 1911 )
• July 13 : José André , Argentine composer and music critic (* 1881 )
• July 14th : Amal al-Atrasch , Syrian-Druze singer and actress (* 1917 )
• July 14 : Joseph L. Bristow , American politician (* 1861 )
• July 18 : Willem Gerardus Anderiesen , Dutch football player (* 1903 )
• July 19 : Will Marion Cook , American composer (* 1869 )

Ludwig Beck, 1937

• July 21 : Ludwig August Theodor Beck , German general and resistance fighter (* 1880 )
• July 21 : Werner von Haeften , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1908 )
• July 21 : Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim , German officer and resistance fighter (* 1905 )
• July 21 : Friedrich Olbricht , German general and resistance fighter (* 1888 )
• July 21 : Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg , German officer and resistance fighter (* 1907 )
• July 21 : Henning von Tresckow , German major general and resistance fighter (* 1901 )

Jakob von Uexküll

• July 25 : Jakob Johann von Uexküll , German Baltic biologist and philosopher (* 1864 )
• July 25 : Lesley J. McNair , American general (* 1883 )
• July 26 : Hubert Materlik , German politician and resistance fighter (* 1895 )
• July 26 : Reza Shah Pahlavi , Shah of Persia (* 1878 )
• July 28 : Sir Ralph Howard Fowler , British physicist (* 1889 )

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

• July 31 : Antoine de Saint-Exupéry , French writer and pilot (* 1900 )

• 0August 1 : Albert Lautman , French mathematician and philosopher (* 1908 )
• 0August 1st : Manuel Quezon , Filipino politician and President (* 1878 )
• 0August 2nd : Joseph Bonnet , French-Canadian organist, composer and music teacher (* 1884 )
• 0August 2 : Felix Nussbaum , German painter (* 1904 )
• 0August 4th : Klaus Riedel , German rocket engineer (* 1907 )
• 0August 6 : Franciszek Brzeziński , Polish composer (* 1867 )
• 0August 7th : Agustín Barrios Mangoré , Paraguayan composer and guitarist (* 1885 )
• 0August 7th : Miguel Antonio Otero , American politician (* 1859 )
• 0August 8 : Aino Ackté , Finnish soprano (* 1876 )
• 0August 8 : Friedrich Karl Klausing , resistance fighter of July 20, 1944 (* 1920 )
• 0August 8 : Erwin von Witzleben , German general and resistance fighter (* 1881 )
• 0August 8 : Robert Bernardis , Austrian officer and resistance fighter (* 1908 )
• 0August 8 : Albrecht von Hagen , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1904 )
• 0August 8 : Paul von Hase , German officer and resistance fighter (* 1885 )
• 0August 8 : Erich Hoepner , German military and resistance fighter (* 1886 )
• 0August 8 : Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1904 )
• 0August 9 : Else Wildhagen , German writer (* 1863 )
• August 10 : Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1902 )

Berthold Schenk Count v. Stauffenberg on August 10, 1944 at the trial before the People's Court

• August 10 : Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1905 )
• August 14 : Joseph-Ermend Bonnal , French composer, organist and music teacher (* 1880 )
• August 15 : Hans Bernd von Haeften , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1905 )
• August 16 : Marie Behncke , German politician of the (SPD) and member of the Weimar National Assembly (* 1880 )
• August 16 : Roman Padlewski , Polish composer, violinist, pianist, musicologist and critic (* 1915 )
• August 18 : Ernst Thälmann , German communist (* 1886 )
• August 19 : Günther von Kluge , German Field Marshal General (* 1882 )
• August 19 : Robert Lestienne , French racing driver (* 1892 )
• August 19 : Juan Zanelli , Chilean racing car driver and resistance fighter in World War II (* 1906 )
• August 21 : Friedrich Gustav Jaeger , resistance fighter of July 20, 1944 (* 1895 )
• August 23 : Abdülmecit II , last caliph of the Ottoman Empire (* 1868 )
• August 24th : Rudolf Breitscheid , social democratic politician (* 1874 )
• August 25 : Joseph Paul , French racing car driver (* 1896 )
• August 26 : Adam von Trott zu Solz , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1909 )
• August 28 : Jean Arnolds , Belgian clergyman (* 1904 )
• August 29 : Jean-Claude Touche , French organist and composer (* 1926 )

September October

• 0September 2 : Gustav Aschaffenburg , German psychiatrist (* 1866 )
• 0September 8th : Petter Moen , Norwegian mathematician and in the resistance against German occupation (* 1901 )
• 0September 8 : Ulrich von Hassell , German diplomat and resistance fighter (* 1881 )
• 0September 8 : Josef Wirmer , German lawyer and resistance fighter (* 1901 )

Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf von Schwerin von Schwanenfeld

• 0September 8 : Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld , German landowner, officer and resistance fighter (* 1902 )
• 0September 9 : James A. Reed , American politician (* 1861 )
• 0September 9 : Gus Sonnenberg , American football player, wrestler (* 1898 )
• September 11th : Robert Benoist , French resistance fighter and automobile racing driver (* 1895 )
• September 11th : Rudolf Kissinger , German pastor, teacher, local researcher, club and association functionary (* 1866 )
• September 12 : Georg Agde , German chemist (* 1889 )
• September 15 : Mala Zimetbaum , Jewish resistance fighter in Auschwitz (* 1918 )
• September 16 : Gustav Bauer , SPD politician and Reich Chancellor (* 1870 )
• September 18 : Bernhard Bästlein , German communist and resistance fighter (* 1894 )
• September 18 : Anton Saefkow , German communist and resistance fighter (* 1903 )
• September 18 : Franz Jacob , German communist and resistance fighter (* 1906 )
• September 21 : James E. Ferguson , American politician (* 1871 )
• September 23 : Eduard Hamm , German politician (* 1879 )
• September 24 : Arthur Vincent Green , Australian Bishop of Grafton and Armindale (* 1857 )
• September 25 : Walter Breisky , Austrian civil servant and politician (* 1871 )
• September 25 : Jakob Schaffner , Swiss writer (* 1875 )
• September 26th : Manuk Abeghian , scholar of Armenian literature and folklore (* 1865 )
• September 26 : Seweryn Barbag , Polish-Jewish composer, musicologist and teacher (* 1891 )
• September 27 : Aristide Maillol , French sculptor (* 1861 )
• September 28 : Josef Bürckel , teacher and Gauleiter of the Saar Palatinate Gaus (* 1895 )
• September 29 : Wilhelm Leuschner , German politician and resistance fighter (* 1890 )

• 0October 2 : Carl Joseph Kuckhoff , German politician and member of the Reichstag (* 1878 )
• 0October 3 : Alfred Andreesen , German reform pedagogue (* 1886 )
• 0October 4 : Alfred E. Smith , American politician (* 1873 )
• 0October 4 : Karl Weinmair , German painter (* 1906 )
• 0October 6th : Efim Schachmeister , German violinist and dance band leader (* 1894 )
• 0October 7 : Kurt Adams , German politician (* 1889 )
• 0October 8th : Jean d'Aulan , French bobsledder, aviator and racing car driver (* 1900 )

Wendell Willkie

• 0October 8 : Wendell Willkie , American lawyer and presidential candidate (* 1892 )
• October 12, Ramón S. Castillo Barrionuevo , Argentine politician and president (* 1873 )
• October 12 : Rudolf Graf von Marogna-Redwitz , German resistance fighter (* 1886 )
• October 13 : Hans-Jürgen Graf von Blumenthal , German resistance fighter (* 1907 )
• October 13 : Jean Trémoulet , French racing car driver and resistance fighter (* 1909 )
• October 14 : Erwin Rommel , German field marshal (* 1891 )
• October 16 : Maximilian Adler , Czech classical philologist and university professor (* 1884 )
• October 16 : Jón Sveinsson , Icelandic writer (* 1857 )
• October 17 : Hans Krása , Czech-German composer (* 1899 )
• October 17 : Adolf Schmidt , German geophysicist (* 1860 )
• October 18 : Viktor Ullmann , Czech musician (* 1898 )
• October 19 : Luigi Durante , Italian football player (* 1879 )
• October 19 : Fritz Ehrler , German trade union official and social democratic politician (* 1871 )
• October 19 : Erich Koch-Weser , German politician of the DDP (* 1875 )
• October 20 : Eduard Brücklmeier , German lawyer and diplomat, resistance fighter (* 1903)
• October 20 : Adolf Reichwein , German educator, economist and politician (* 1898 )
• October 20 : Magda Spiegel , German concert and opera singer (* 1887 )
• October 21 : Alois Kayser , German missionary on Nauru (* 1877 )
• October 21 : Erich Ziebarth , German ancient historian (* 1868 )
• October 21 : Hilma af Klint , Swedish painter (* 1862 )

Charles Glover Barkla

• October 23 : Charles Glover Barkla , British physicist and Nobel Prize winner (* 1877 )
• October 23 : Krystana Iwanowa Janewa , Bulgarian resistance fighter (* 1914 )
• October 24 : Franz Wipplinger , German candidate for priesthood and Nazi victim (* 1915 )
• October 24th : Otto Schmirgal , German communist and resistance fighter (* 1900 )
• October 24 : Werner Seelenbinder , German wrestler and communist (* 1904 )

Louis Renault, 1907

• October 24th : Louis Renault , French engineer and co-founder of the Renault car brand (* 1877 )
• October 27 : Judith Auer , German resistance fighter (* 1905 )
• October 27 : Arturo Gordon , Chilean painter (* 1883 )
• October 28 : Kurt Gerron , German actor (* 1897 )
• October 30 : Paul Ladmirault , French composer (* 1877 )
• October 30 : Otto Wallburg , German actor (* 1889 )
• 00.October: Jurij Chěžka , Sorbian poet (* 1917 )

November December

• 0November 1 : Andrej Scheptyzkyj , Ukrainian Grand Archbishop (* 1865 )
• 0November 2 : Friedrich Brunstäd , German Protestant theologian and philosopher (* 1883 )
• 0November 2 : Thomas Midgley , American mechanical engineer and chemist (* 1889 )
• 0November 5 : Alexis Carrel , French surgeon and Nobel Prize winner (* 1873 )
• 0November 7th : Richard Sorge , German journalist and spy for the Soviet Union in Japan (* 1895 )
• 0November 8 : André Abegglen , Swiss football player (* 1909 )
• 0November 8 : Walter Nowotny , born in Austria, fighter pilot in the German Air Force (* 1920 )
• 0November 9th : Frank Marshall , American chess player (* 1877 )
• November 10 : Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg , German diplomat (* 1875 )
• November 10 : Barthel Schink , German resistance fighter against National Socialism (* 1927 )
• November 11 : Gerrit Grijns , Dutch researcher (* 1865 )
• November 12 : Edgar Stillman Kelley , American composer, conductor, organist, pianist, music critic and music teacher (* 1857 )
• November 13 : Otto Blumenthal , German mathematician (* 1876 )
• November 13 : Paul Graener , German composer (* 1872 )

Walter Cramer

• November 14 : Walter Cramer , German entrepreneur, involved in the failed assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944 (* 1886 )
• November 15 : Carl Flesch , Hungarian violinist and violin teacher (* 1873 )
• November 20 : Norman Wilks , Canadian pianist and music teacher (* 1885 )
• November 21 : Adolf Jäger , German football player (* 1889 )
• November 21 : Joseph Caillaux , French Prime Minister (* 1863 )
• November 22nd : Arthur Stanley Eddington , British physicist and astronomer (* 1882 )
• November 23 : Erna Wazinski , 19-year-old German armaments worker (* 1925 )
• November 25th : Georg Dascher , German handball player (* 1911 )
• November 27th : Friedrich Aue , German resistance fighter (* 1896 )
• November 28 : Elsbeth Ebertin , German astrologer and graphologist (* 1880 )
• November 29 : George Hill , New Zealand long-distance runner (* 1891 )
• November 30 : Albert B. Fall , American politician (* 1861 )
• November 30th : Max Halbe , German writer and playwright (* 1865 )

• 0December 1 : Friedrich Busch , German Protestant theologian (* 1909 )
• 0December 3 : Andreas, Prince of Greece and Denmark (* 1882 )
• 0December 4 : Salvator Issaurel , French singer and music teacher (* 1871 )
• 0December 7th : Wilhelm Ahlmann , German banker (* 1895 )
• 0December 7th : Robert Jackson Emerson , British sculptor, painter and medalist (* 1878 )
• 0December 8 : Bryant B. Brooks , American politician (* 1861 )
• December 10 : Ulrich Wilcken , German ancient historian and papyrologist (* 1862 )
• December 11 : Jacob Weber , German politician (* 1872 )

Wassily Kandinsky , around 1913

• December 13 : Wassily Kandinsky , Russian painter (* 1866 )

Glenn Miller

• December 15 : Glenn Miller , American jazz trombonist, band leader, composer and arranger (* 1904 )
• December 20 : Abbas II , Turkish viceroy of Egypt (* 1874 )
• December 20 : George Higgins Moses , American politician (* 1869 )
• December 22nd : Harry Langdon , American actor (* 1884 )
• December 23 : Angela Maria Autsch , German nun (* 1900 )
• December 25th : Martin Wilhelm Kutta , German mathematician (* 1867 )
• December 25 : Francis Preston Blair Lee , American politician (* 1857 )
• December 25th : Kataoka Teppei , Japanese writer (* 1894 )
• December 26 : Elzéar Hamel , Canadian actor (* 1871 )
• December 26 : Ernst Kapff , German writer, reform pedagogue and archaeologist (* 1863 )
• December 28th : Frederik Muller Jzn. , Dutch classical philologist (* 1883 )
• December 29 : Julie Wolfthorn , German painter (* 1864 )

Romain Rolland , 1915

• December 30th : Romain Rolland , French writer (* 1866 )
• December: Hermann Hammerschmidt , German lawyer and notary (* 1887 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Hildegunde Fritzi Anders , German writer (* 1904 )
• Franz Andreß , German teacher and local researcher (* 1870 )
• Mihran Nakkashian , Armenian editor and publicist (* 1850 )
• Josef Weber , Austrian chemist (* 1863 )

Web links

Commons : 1944  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Living virtual museum online