List of earthquakes

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list provides information on earthquakes in all parts of the world that have been passed down through historical reports or because of their effects through media reports. The preceding map material shows the concentration of earthquake epicentres along the tectonic plate boundaries.

Earthquakes that occur under the sea on the sea ​​floor are often referred to as "seaquakes" or "seaquakes". If uplifts and / or subsidence occurs over a large area, large volumes of seawater are shifted jerkily. The energy put into it spreads over water waves and harbors the additional risk of tsunamis on coasts.

cards

  • Earthquakes worldwide 1963–1998

  • Tectonic activity worldwide

  • Tectonic plates in pastel colors

  • Traditional view of the tectonic plates

When comparing the maps, the correspondence of the regions of greatest earthquake frequency with the boundaries of the tectonic plate is clear.

list

Legend:

Until the 8th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
1831 BC Chr. Mount Tai Shan in Shandong China documented in the bamboo annals
464 BC Chr. at Sparta Greece approx. 20,000
426 BC Chr. Gulf of Evia Greece Devastation on both sides of the gulf, see p. Earthquake in the Gulf of Evia 426 BC BC , tsunami, possibly two quakes
373 BC Chr. before Helike and Bura Greece Tsunami, both cities were wiped out
224 BC Chr. Rhodes Greece The Colossus of Rhodes collapses.
217 BC Chr. Alexandria Egypt approx. 75,000
June 1, 70 BC Chr. Zhucheng , Changle in Shandong China > 6,000 Zhucheng and Changle earthquakes in Shandong 70 BC Chr. ≥ 7.0 2
33 BC Chr. Roman province of Palestine 30,000 2
17th Lydia Pliny the Elder and Tacitus mentioned 13 destroyed cities
Feb. 5, 62 Pompeii Italy Destruction of Pompeii and other places in Campania 2
76 Salamis Cyprus Great destruction in Salamis
Dec. 13, 115 Antioch (today Antakya ) Roman Empire , today Turkey ~ 260,000 During the earthquake, Emperor Trajan was in Antioch. Thousands died, Trajan survived, p. Antioch earthquake 115 7.5
178 and 180 Smyrna (now Izmir ) and Pergamon (now Bergama ) Roman Empire , today Turkey
between 243 and 250 Kaiseraugst Switzerland partial destruction of the Roman settlement Augusta Raurica
332 Salamis Cyprus Great destruction of Salamis
July 21, 365 Antioch (today Antakya ) Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey 40,000 Probably the first destruction of the lighthouse of Pharos and elevation of the coastline of western Crete by up to 9 m; s. Earthquake off Crete 365 2
Sep 458 Antioch (today Antakya ) Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey 80,000 2
May 21, 512 Yuanping , Dai in Shanxi China 5,310 Earthquake between Yuanping and Dai in Shanxi 512 7.5 2
518 Sagalassos Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey Destruction of Sagalassos at the foot of the Taurus Mountains
May 20, 526 Antioch (today Antakya ) Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey 250,000 Antioch earthquake 526 (May 20-29) 7.0 2
Nov 29, 528 Antioch (today Antakya ) Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey 4,870 7.1 2
Nov 29, 533 Aleppo Syria 130,000 2
565 Antioch (today Antakya ) Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey 30,000 2
Oct. 31, 588 Antioch (today Antakya ) Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey 60,000 2
Mid 7th century Sagalassos Eastern Roman Empire , today Turkey final destruction of Sagalassos
Apr 26, 662 Damghan and Qumis Iran 40,000 2
March 23, 734 Tianshui in Gansu China approx. 40,000 Earthquake near Tianshui in Gansu 734   > 7.0

9th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
811 St Andrews Scotland 1,400 2
Nov 23, 823 Fergana Valley Uzbekistan 15,000 2
Aug 20, 843 Nisa Turkmenistan 5,000 2
844-847 Damascus , Mosul Islamic Caliphate , Syria and Iraq provinces 50,000-70,000 Various data for earthquakes in the Damascus and Mosul area 2
July 15, 850 Rey Islamic Caliphate , Persia Province , now Iran 45,000 2
851 Dvin Armenia 12,000 10 5.2 2
Dec. 856 Damghan and Qumis Islamic Caliphate , Persia Province , now Iran 200,000 For this month earthquakes from Tunisia, Syria, Egypt, Yemen, Iran and Greece with several 10,000 deaths each are given. 6.5 1/2
July 9, 869 off the Sanriku coast Mutsu Province , Japan 1,000 Jōgan-Sanriku earthquake 869 . Tsunami along the east coast of Tōhoku . 8.6 2
Nov 18, 871 Wasit Islamic Caliphate , provinces of Iraq and Persia , today Iran / Iraq 20,000 2
Nov 23, 893 Ardabil Islamic Caliphate , Persia Province , now Iran 150,000-180,000 For 893 several earthquakes with many 10,000 deaths are given for the Islamic Caliphate , the province of Persia (today Iran ), Armenia and the region of the Caucasus 1/2

11th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
17 Sep 1007 Baghdad Islamic Caliphate , Iraq Province 10,000-100,000 For 1007/1008 five earthquakes with high casualties are recorded 2
Dec 10, 1033 Ramallah , Gaza , Nablus Islamic Caliphate , Palestine Province 70,000 2
Jan 15, 1038 Taiyuan in Shanxi China 23,000 Severe destruction in the Taiyuan area.
Nov 4, 1042 Tabriz Islamic Caliphate , Persia Province , now Iran 50,000 15th 7.6 2
1057 Zhili and Beijing China 25,000 6.8 2
Apr 20, 1067 Eilat , Ramla , Damascus Islamic Caliphate ; Provinces of Palestine (today Israel / Palestinian Autonomous Areas ), Egypt , Syria 25,000 6.5 2

12th Century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
1101 Khorasan Islamic Caliphate , Persia Province , now Iran 60,000 10 6.5 2
1117 Epicenter near Verona Northern Italy , Switzerland The damage attributed to the Verona earthquake in 1117 , in almost all of Central Europe, can probably be traced back to several events
1137 Catania Italy 15,000 2
1138 Aleppo Islamic Caliphate , Syria Province 230,000 1
1139 Gəncə Islamic Caliphate , Persia Province , now part of Azerbaijan 230,000 Also in Syria there is said to have been an earthquake in 1139 with over 200,000 dead. It is possible that early historians mixed different earthquakes of the time. In the crusader stories at this point in time and in this region there are reports of enormous tremors.
1143 Ningxia China 10,000 6.0 2
1157 Damascus Islamic Caliphate , Syria Province 80,000 2
1169 Syracuse Italy 16,000 2

13th Century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
May 4, 1201 Katschberg Duchy of Carinthia , today Austria The earliest known earthquake in Austria. 8th 6.1
May 20, 1202 Nablus Islamic Caliphate , now the Palestinian Territories > 1,000,000 The earthquake was felt in Armenia , Anatolia , Iran , Egypt and between Sicily and Mesopotamia . The exact number of victims is unclear. Arab sources speak of more than a million deaths in the years 1201 and 1202. This number probably also includes the indirect victims of epidemics and famine in the wake of the earthquake. 6.8-7.5
1219 Ningxia China 10,000 2
1222 Brescia Italy 12,000 2
May 8, 1267 Kindberg Duchy of Styria , today Austria 8th 5.4
27 Sep 1268 Adana Kingdom of Lesser Armenia 60,000 1/2
Aug 1289 Beijing China 10,000 2
27 Sep 1290 Chihli , Inner Mongolia China 100,000 6.8 1/2
May 27, 1293 Kamakura Japan 23,024 2
3rd Sep 1295 Churwalden Switzerland <500 12 6.5

14th Century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
Oct. 20, 1336 Khaf Islamic Caliphate , today Iran 20,000 6.5 2
Jan 25, 1348 Friuli Italy Also known as "The great Villach earthquake of 1348". The Friuli earthquake in 1348 also led to a landslide on the Dobratsch and destroyed at least eleven castles in Carinthia (the Ortenburg and Kellerberg are named by name ). A number of victims of 5,000 is repeatedly mentioned, but this also includes the plague deaths of the same year. 8th 6.8
Oct 18, 1356 Basel Northern Switzerland 300 Collapse of the minster; see Basel earthquake . Strongest historically transmitted earthquake north of the Alps.

15th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
1444 Nemrut Dağı Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 30,000 2
Dec 5, 1456 Naples Italy 30,000 to 40,000
1457 Palestine , Syria today Israel / Syria 30,000 2
1458 Erzincan , Erzurum Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 32,000 7.5 2
1481 Dodecanese Greece 30,000 7.1 2
1499 Yunnan China 10,000 2

16th Century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
September 14, 1509 Istanbul Ottoman Empire approx. 13,000 Istanbul earthquake in 1509 7.2
March 26, 1511 Balkans Slovenia 6,000 Impact in Venice , Padua , Treviso , Udine and other places 7th 6.9 2
June 22, 1522 Almeria Spain approx. 2000 Almería earthquake in 1522 : Almería was almost completely destroyed. The quake is probably due to the so-called Carboneras Fault Zone (CFZ), a "post-orogenic" sinistral transtensive fault zone on the southeastern edge of the Iberian continental block . Sedimentary structures in drill cores from the Gulf of Almería and historical documents indicate tsunami events in the western Mediterranean that could be related to this quake. 6.5-7.0
January 26, 1531 Lisbon Portugal 30,000 2
February 2, 1556 Hua County , Yueyang North china approx. 830,000 During the Shaanxi earthquake in 1556 , an area between Shaanxi and Gansu provinces sank . The deadliest earthquake in human history. 8.0 1
February 8, 1570 Concepción (Chile) Chile 2,000 Concepción earthquake in 1570 8.3 2
December 16, 1575 Valdivia Chile 1,321 Valdivia earthquake in 1575 8.5 2
January 2, 1582 Arequipa Peru
January 18, 1586 Ise Japan 8,000 8.2 2
July 10, 1586 Lima and Callao Peru 22nd First major earthquake after the city was founded, accompanied by a tsunami. Destruction of Lima and Callao, many injured, hardly any dead, as many people flee into the open at the beginning (July 9th local time) > 8.0
September 15, 1590 Ried am Riederberg Austria under the Enns several Also known as the " Neulengbacher quake ". The earthquake with the strongest impact on Vienna to date claimed several lives. The event has recently come into the public eye, particularly in connection with the 1978 referendum on the nearby Zwentendorf nuclear power plant . In Europe it is exemplary for the discussion of site security issues with the help of historical earthquake research. 6th 5.75

17th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
Feb 14, 1614 Trujillo Peru 7,000 Seaquake 8.6 2
Oct 25, 1622 Ningxia China 12,000 7.0 2
June 28, 1626 Shanxi China 5,000 7.0 2
July 30, 1626 Naples Italy 70,000 (?) 2
March 27, 1638 Cosenza , Martirano Italy 19,000 2
May 4, 1639 Qazvin Iran 12,000 2
Feb. 1640 Ecuador 5,000 2
Feb 5, 1641 Tabriz Iran 30,000 2
June 11, 1641 Caracas Venezuela about 200 first known earthquake in Caracas
May 13, 1647 Santiago de Chile Chile about 12,000 2/3 of the city was completely devastated
July 30, 1649 Tokyo and Nikko Japan
1650 Cuzco Peru
23 Feb 1653 Izmir Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 8,000-15,000 Earthquake in Izmir 1653 2
July 21, 1654 Tianshui in Gansu China 10,400 8.0 2
1656 Lima Peru 11,000 2
June 16, 1662 Central and South Japan 600 2
Apr 6, 1667 Balkans Croatia 2,000-4,000 Dubrovnik earthquake in 1667 12 7.1 2
Dec 17, 1667 Schemacha ( Caucasus ) Azerbaijan 80,000 Şamaxı earthquake in 1667 1/2
July 25, 1668 Tancheng in Shandong China > 50,000 Widespread occurrence of earthquakes in China and Korea. Great damage in the areas of Linyi and Ju in Shandong, Tancheng was completely destroyed. Landslides, crevices, sand volcanoes. Noticeable even at a distance of over 800 km. 36 8.5 / 2
July 10, 1668 Anatolia Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 8,000-17,500 2
July 17, 1670 Hall in Tirol Tyrol 9 Earthquake in the Inn Valley, 1670 6th 5.2
Sep 2 1679 Sanhe and Pinggu in Hebei China 13,162 8.0 2
Oct. 20, 1687 Lima Peru 5,000 30th 8.5 2
July 10, 1688 Izmir Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 16,000 Earthquake in Izmir 1688 7.0 2
Dec. 4, 1690 ? Villach Friuli / Duchy of Carinthia , today Italy / Austria Earthquakes in the late evening of December 4th (a Monday) and in the early morning hours of the following day, which were still noticeable in Vienna and which are said to have caused several chimneys to collapse in Venice and caused slight damage to some churches. The epicenter was probably near Villach in Carinthia, from where the greatest damage (collapse of some houses) has been handed down. 8th 6.1
June 7, 1692 Port Royal Jamaica about 2,000 Tsunami, destruction of large parts of Port Royal 1
Jan. 11, 1693 Sicily , Calabria Italy > 60,000 Severe foreshock on January 9th, main earthquake triggered tsunami, total destruction on an area of ​​more than 5600 km² in eastern Sicily and southwestern Calabria 7.0-7.5
May 18, 1695 Linfen Shanxi > 27,000 Numerous fatalities, severe destruction in Linfen and Pingyang 8.0 / 2

18th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
Jan. 14, 1703 Central Apennines Italy 40,000 An aftershock on February 2 claimed another 5,000 victims in L'Aquila 2
Dec. 31, 1703 Bōsō Japan 5,233 Quake southwest of the Boso peninsula. Genroku earthquake or Jeddo earthquake 8.0 2
Nov 3, 1711 Abruzzo Italy 15,000 2
Oct 28, 1707 Nankaidō Japan 40,000 8.4 2
1716 Algiers Algeria 20,000 Earthquakes in February and May; It is unclear which quake can be attributed to how many victims 2
29 Sep 1717 Antigua Guatemala Guatemala Antigua Guatemala was destroyed 7.2-7.6
June 19, 1718 Tianshui , Tongwei Gansu 73,000 Landslides and widespread destruction in Tongwei, Ganyu , Jingning , Zhuanglang , Qin'an , Tianshui and other regions, also felt in Shanxi , Shaanxi and Henan 7.5 1/2
Apr 26, 1721 Tabriz Iran 40,000 7.7 2
Sep 1 1721 Palermo Italy 5,000 2
Nov 18, 1727 Tabriz Iran 77,000 1
Dec. 30, 1730 Hokkaidō Japan 137,000 2
Oct 11, 1737 Calcutta India This alleged quake has not been adequately documented historically. There are doubtful reports of 300,000 deaths, but actually only 20,000 people lived in Calcutta at the time. Only one hurricane and floods with 3,000 deaths are documented. 2 /
Jan. 3, 1739 Pingluo and Yinchuan in Ningxia China 50,000 Severe destruction in Pingluo, Xinqu and Baofen , conflagrations. Noticeable even 900 km away. 8.0 / 2
Oct 28, 1746 Area of Lima Peru 5,000 The tsunami destroyed the city of Callao 8.4 1
March 25, 1749 Valencia Spain 5,000 2
June 21, 1752 Syria , Israel 20,000 2
Sep 2 1752 Cairo Egypt 40,000 2
June 7, 1755 Kashan Iran 40,000 1/2
Nov 1, 1755 Lisbon and Portuguese Algarve , Moroccan Atlantic coast Portugal , Morocco 70,000 Lisbon earthquake 1755 : tsunami to England 8.7 1
July 9, 1757 São Jorge , Azores Portugal 1,053 "Mandado de Deus". Landslides and destruction mainly on São Jorge, deaths also on Pico , tsunami 7.1-7.4 2 /
Aug 6, 1757 Syracuse Italy 10,000 2
Aug 6, 1757 Tarabulus , Baalbek Lebanon , Syria 30,000 2
Feb. 27, 1768 Wiener Neustadt Austria under the Enns 0 For the time, one-time description of the damage under the court mathematician Joseph Anton Nagel . 9 5.0
June 3, 1773 Santiago Atitlan Guatemala 20,000 renewed destruction of the city of Antigua Guatemala 2
Jan. 30, 1778 Kashan Iran 30,000 2
Jan. 8, 1780 Tabriz Iran 100,000-200,000 20th 7.7 2
Feb 5, 1783 Messina and parts of Calabria Italy 30,000 Series of earthquakes from February 5 to March 28, around 300 villages were destroyed 13 6.9 / 1/2
May 13, 1784 Arequipa Peru 383 Destruction of the city of Arequipa 8.0 2
July 23, 1784 Erzincan , Anatolia Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 5,000 2
Feb 6, 1794 Leoben Duchy of Styria , today Austria 0 Good documentation by an "inspection commission". 8th 4.7
Feb. 4, 1797 Quito , Riobamba , Latacunga , Ambato Ecuador 40,000 7.3 2
Dec. 4, 1797 Cumaná , Cariaco Venezuela 16,000 2

19th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
July 26, 1805 Molise , Rosolone , Naples , Isernia Italy 5,000 2
1811, 1812 New Madrid , Missouri United States several earthquakes near New Madrid with considerable geological changes in the Mississippi Valley between St. Louis and Memphis (Tennessee) ; see New Madrid earthquake of 1811 1
March 26, 1812 Caracas Venezuela 26,000 33 7.7 1/2
Oct 23, 1815 Pinglu in Shanxi China 13,000 Serious damage in Hedong , Xiezhou , Anyi , Yuncheng , Yuxiang , Pinglu and Ruicheng, among others 6.8 2
Nov 22, 1815 Bali Indonesia 10,253 122 2
June 16, 1819 Gujarat India 2,000 1
1822 Aleppo , Antakya Syria , Ottoman Empire 20,000 2
March 2, 1825 Blida , Algiers Algeria 7,000 2
June 12, 1830 Cixian in Hebei China 7,477 7.5 2
6 Sep 1830 Songming in Yunnan China 6,700 8.0 2
Feb. 20, 1835 Concepción Chile 5,000
Jan. 1, 1837 Tire Lebanon 5,700 6.4 2
May 5, 1842 Cap Haitien Haiti 5,000 8.1 2
Feb 8, 1843 Leeward Islands Lesser Antilles 5,000 33 8.3 1/2
May 8, 1847 Nagano Japan 12,000 33 7.4 2
22 Sep 1850 Xichang and Puge in Sichuan China 20,650 The number of victims cannot be proven with certainty, some sources speak of up to 135,000 dead 7.5 / 2
Aug 14, 1851 Melfi Italy 14,000 2
May 4, 1853 Shiraz Iran 12,000 6.5 2
July 11, 1853 Isfahan Iran 10,000 2
Jan. 23, 1855 Wairarapa "lower North Island" New Zealand 8.1-8.2
July 25, 1855 Stalden Switzerland 1 10 6.4
Nov 11, 1855 Tokyo Japan 6,757 7.0 2
Jan. 9, 1857 Fort Tejon , California United States 1 Fort Tejon earthquake, 1857 8.25 1
Dec 16, 1857 Basilicata Italy 12,000 6.1 1/2
March 22, 1859 Quito Ecuador 5,000 2
June 2, 1859 Erzurum Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 15,000 6.1 2
March 21, 1861 Mendoza Argentina 18,000 2
13 Aug 1868 Arica Peru (now Chile ) 25,000 Ferdinand Hochstetter describes how the tsunami came about . 25th 8.5-9.0 1/2
16 Aug 1868 Guayaquil , Ibarra , San Pablo Ecuador , Colombia 70,000 Earthquake in Ecuador 1868 20th 7.7 2
May 18, 1875 Cúcuta , San Cayetano , Villa del Rosario Colombia 10,000 20th 7.5 2
July 1, 1879 Wudu in Gansu China 22,000 8.0 2
Apr 3, 1881 Chios Greece 7,866 Tsunami, almost complete destruction of the city of Chios 7.3 2
Oct 15, 1883 Ayvalık , Urla , Cesme Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 15,000 2
December 25, 1884 Granada Spain 900 See the 1884 earthquake in Andalusia 6.5 scinexx.de
Sep 1 1886 Charleston , South Carolina United States 60 Charleston earthquake of 1886 7.7 1/2
Oct. 27, 1891 Aichi and Shizuoka Prefectures Japan 7,273 Mino Owari earthquake , 17,175 injured, around 140,000 houses destroyed 8.0 2
January 31 and April 17, 1893 Zakynthos Greece 2000 houses were destroyed, a further 1700 houses were uninhabitable, some villages in rural areas were completely destroyed. The effects of the quake centered in Zakynthos could be felt up the Adriatic coast to Venice. 51 to 100 6.4 2
Nov 17, 1893 Quchan Iran 18,000 7-17 6.6 2
Jan. 17, 1895 Quchan Iran 11,000 6.8 2
June 15, 1896 Sanriku coast Japan 27,122 The Meiji Sanriku earthquake off the Sanriku coast triggered a 23 m high tsunami; the tsunami took the population by surprise during religious celebrations and several villages were destroyed. 8.0 2
Sep 10 1899 Yakutat Bay ( Alaska ) United States Earthquake in Yakutat Bay 1899 8.2 2

20th century

date place country Victim Remarks T M. Q
Feb 13, 1902 Schemacha East Caucasus 86 other sources name around 700 victims 15th 7.2 M S 2
Apr 19, 1902 South Guatemala 2,000 33 7.5 M S 2
22 Aug 1902 Turkestan 2,500 30th 8.3 M S 2
Dec 16, 1902 Andishan Uzbekistan 4,880 9 6.4 M S 2
Apr 28, 1903 East of the Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 3,560 6.3 M S 2
Apr 4, 1905 Kangra Northwest of India 20,000 60 8.6 2
June 1, 1905 Shkodra West of the Ottoman Empire , now Albania 120 20th 6.6 2
8 Sep 1905 Calabria Italy 557 7.9 M S 2
Jan. 31, 1906 off the coast of Ecuador and Colombia 400-1,000 Tsunami claims 400 to 1000 victims. The Ecuador-Colombia earthquake in 1906 was preceded by a number of foreshocks and aftershocks were observed until March 35 8.8 MW 2
March 16, 1906 Chiayi (Japanese Kagi ) Taiwan 1,300 6.8 M S 2
Apr 18, 1906 San Francisco USA ( California ) 3,000 about 3,000 dead and 250,000 homeless; see the 1906 San Francisco earthquake 20th 7.9 M W 2
Aug 17, 1906 Valparaíso Chile 1,500 According to USGS 20,000 dead 25th 8.2 M W 1/2
Jan. 14, 1907 Jamaica 1,000 6.5 2
Oct 21, 1907 Tajikistan and Uzbekistan 12,000 33 8.0 M S 2
Dec 28, 1908 Messina , Reggio Calabria Italy 72,000-110,000 Earthquake and tsunami; see earthquake of Messina 1908 . Different information on the number of victims. 10 7.2 M W / 2
Jan. 23, 1909 Silakor West of Iran about 5,500 33 7.7 M S 2
Feb. 18, 1911 Berg-Badachschan , in the Pamirs Tajikistan Rockslide forms the highest dam on earth and the Saressee 7.5
June 7, 1911 Michoacan Mexico 45 33 7.9 M s
Dec 16, 1911 Guerrero Mexico 28 50 7.6 M s
Aug 9, 1912 European part of the Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 3,000 Epicenter in the Sea of ​​Marmara 60 7.8 2
Oct. 3, 1914 Province Burdur Ottoman Empire , today Turkey 4,000 7.0 M S 2
Jan. 13, 1915 Avezzano Italy 30,000 Avezzano earthquake, 1915 10 7.5 M S 2
Jan. 21, 1917 Bali Indonesia 1,500 6.6 M S 2
July 30, 1917 Yunnan South of china 1,800 33 6.8 2
Feb 13, 1918 Guangdong Southeast of china 2,000 23 7.3 M S 2
Oct 11, 1918 Puerto Rico 116 Earthquake near Puerto Rico in 1918 15th 7.1 M W 2
Dec 16, 1920 Haiyuan in Ningxia China 200,000 1920 Haiyuan earthquake , often as Gansu Earthquake referred 17th 7.8 M W 2
Nov 11, 1922 Border area of Argentina and Chile more than 100 25th 8.5 MW 2
Feb 3, 1923 Kamchatka Soviet Union 19th 8.3 M W 2
March 24, 1923 China about 3,500 13 7.3 M S 2
May 25, 1923 Iran about 2,200 5.7 M S 2
Sep 1 1923 region Kantō Japan about 143,000 Great Kanto earthquake in 1923 25th 7.9 M W 1/2
March 16, 1925 Yunnan Province China 5,000 26th 7.0 M S 2
March 7, 1927 Southwest of Japan 3,000 10 7.3 M S 2
May 22, 1927 Xining , Gansu Province China 41,000 27 7.6 M W 2
Oct 8, 1927 Schwadorf Austria 0 So far the last earthquake in Austria with an epicentral intensity of 8 degrees and severe building damage 6th 5.2
May 1, 1929 Turkmenistan and Iran 5,800 50 7.4 M S 2
May 5, 1930 South of Burma about 600 7.3 M L 2
May 6, 1930 Iran 1,360 30th 7.5 M S 2
July 23, 1930 Irpinia South of italy 1,430 7th 6.5 M S 2
Feb 3, 1931 Hawke's Bay New Zealand 258 Destruction of the cities of Napier , Hastings and Havelock North 7.8 M S
March 31, 1931 Managua Nicaragua 2,500 5.6 2
Aug 10, 1931 near Koktokay in Xinjiang China 10,000 25th 8.0 M W 2
June 3, 1932 Jalisco Mexico about 400 Jalisco earthquake, 1932 60 8.1 M W
Dec 25, 1932 Gansu China about 275 7.6 M S 2
March 2, 1933 Sanriku coast Japan 3,064 All victims from a tsunami up to 29 m high 10 8.4 MW 2
Aug 25, 1933 Sichuan China 10,000 7.5 M S 2
Nov 20, 1933 Baffin Bay Canada Since 1933, six earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 6.0 have occurred in Baffin Bay. 15th 7.7 M w
Jan 15, 1934 India and Nepal 10,700 25th 8.1 M W 2
Apr 21, 1935 Taiwan 3,276 Hsinchu Taichung earthquake in 1935 6.0 M S 2
May 30, 1935 Quetta , Balochistan Province today Pakistan 30,000 7.5 M S 2
July 16, 1935 Taiwan 2,746 30th 6.5 M S 2
Feb. 1, 1938 Banda Lake Indonesia 25th 8.5 MW 2
Jan 25, 1939 Chillan Chile 28,000 60 8.3 2
Dec 26, 1939 Erzincan in Anatolia Turkey 32,700 Erzincan earthquake in 1939 , December 27 local time 35 7.8 M S 2
Nov. 19, 1940 Bucharest Romania 1,000 150 7.3 2
Dec 20, 1942 Turkey 1,000 7.3 M S 2
Sep 10 1943 Honshu Japan 1,400 10 7.4 2
Nov 26, 1943 Turkey 4,000 33 7.6 2
Jan 15, 1944 Province of Mendoza Argentina 8,000 50 7.8 2
Feb. 1, 1944 Turkey 2,800 33 7.4 M S 2
December 7, 1944 Japan 1,223 30th 8.1 M W 2
Jan. 12, 1945 off the south coast of Honshu Japan 2,306 7.1 M S 2
Nov. 27, 1945 off the coast of Pakistan British India today Pakistan 4,000 25th 8.3 1/2
Jan 25, 1946 Sierre Switzerland 4th Numerous aftershocks. A total of 3500 damaged buildings in Valais . 5.8 M W
Apr 1, 1946 at Unimak Island USA ( Alaska ) 164 A tsunami up to 35 m high killed 5 men of the lighthouse crew from Scotch Cap (Unimak Island) and still had enough energy in Hawaii to claim 159 victims 50 8.1 M W 2
May 31, 1946 Ustukran Turkey 840 5.9 2
June 23, 1946 Vancouver Island Canada Vancouver Island earthquake 15th 7.3 M s
Aug 4, 1946 Northeast coast of the Dominican Republic 1,790 Earthquake in the Dominican Republic, 1946 60 8.1 M S 2
Nov 10, 1946 Ancash Peru 800 12 7.3 2
Dec 20, 1946 off the coast of Shikoku Japan 1,362 20th 8.1 M W 2
June 28, 1948 off the north coast of Honshu Japan 5.131 20th 7.3 2
Oct 5, 1948 Ashgabat Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic , today Turkmenistan 110,000 Ashgabat earthquake in 1948 , October 6 local time 18th 7.3 M S
July 10, 1949 Chait Tajikistan 12,000 According to NOAA 3,500 dead 18th 7.4 1/2
Aug 5, 1949 Ambato Ecuador 6,000 Earthquake in Ecuador in 1949 60 6.8 2
22 Aug 1949 Graham Island Canada Earthquake off the Queen Charlotte Islands 25th 8.1 M w
May 21, 1950 Cuzco Peru 80 Almost complete destruction of the city of Cuzco 6.6 2
Aug 15, 1950 Assam India 1,500 Assam earthquake in 1950 8.6 M W 2
May 6, 1951 Jucuapa El Salvador 1,100 100 6.5 M W 2
July 21, 1952 Kern County USA ( California ) 12 Kern County Earthquake 16 7.5 M W 2
Nov 4, 1952 off the east coast of Kamchatka Soviet Union Tsunamis 45 9.0 M W 2
March 18, 1953 Western turkey 1,100 Tsunamis 7.5 M S 2
Aug 8, 1953 Kefalonia , Ithaca , Zakynthos 476 Earthquake on Kefalonia and Zakynthos 1953 , almost complete destruction of the islands. 20th 7.3 2
Sep 9 1954 El-Asnam (formerly Orleansville) Algeria 1,250 Tsunamis 5 6.5 M S 2
July 9, 1956 Aegean Greece 50 about 30 m high tsunami 20th 7.8 M S 2
2nd July 1957 North of iran 1,100 14th 6.6 2
March 9, 1957 Andreanof Islands USA ( Alaska ) locally up to 23 m high tsunami (75 feet ) 33 8.6 M W 2
Dec 13, 1957 Creampie West of Iran 1,100 7.1 1/2
Jan 15, 1958 Arequipa Peru 28 60 7.3 3
July 9, 1958 Lituya Bay USA ( Alaska ) The earthquake triggered a mega tsunami of 35 7.8 2
Jan. 13, 1960 Arequipa Peru 63 160 7.8 M S 2
Feb. 29, 1960 Agadir Morocco 13,100 1960 Agadir earthquake 5.7 2
May 22, 1960 Puerto Montt , Valdivia Chile 3,263 Tsunami waves hit Hawaii , killing 61 people; see Valdivia earthquake in 1960 33 9.5 M W 2
Sep 1 1962 Qazvin Northwest of Iran 10,000 to 12,000 27 7.3 M S 2
July 26, 1963 Skopje Macedonia 1,100 5 6.0 2
Oct 13, 1963 Kuril Islands Soviet Union 47 8.5 MW 2
March 27, 1964 Prince William Sound , Valdez USA ( Alaska ) 139 Good Friday quake . The tsunami (maximum height approx. 67 m) claimed the majority of the victims, 15 dead directly from the earthquake 23 9.2 M W 2
June 16, 1964 Niigata on the island of Honshu Japan 26th 40 7.5 2
Feb. 4, 1965 Council Island USA ( Alaska ) 36 8.7 MW 2
Aug 19, 1966 Varto in Eastern Anatolia Turkey 2,400 24 6.8 2
14./15. January 1968 Valle del Belice , Sicily Italy 370 Serious damage, 100 injured, 70,000 homeless 6.1
Aug 31, 1968 Khorasan Iran 12,100 25th 7.3 2
July 25, 1969 Yangjiang in Guangdong Province South of china 3,000 5 6.4 M S 2
Jan. 4, 1970 Yunnan China 10,000 1970 Tonghai earthquake 31 7.8 M S 2
March 28, 1970 Western turkey 1,100 20th 7.3 2
May 31, 1970 off the coast of Chimbote Peru 66,800 Ancash earthquake : Yungay was almost completely destroyed by a landslide, other cities such as Huaraz were devastated. 43 7.9 M W 2
Dec 10, 1970 Border area of Peru and Ecuador 82 Earthquake in Peru on December 9, 1970 (local time) 25th 7.2 M W 2
Feb 9, 1971 San Fernando Valley near Los Angeles USA ( California ) 65 1971 San Fernando earthquake 8.4 6.6 M W / 2
Apr 10, 1972 Iran 5,054 11 7.2 M S 2
Apr 16, 1972 Seebenstein Austria 0 800 fire brigade operations in Vienna 10 5.3
23 Dec 1972 Managua Nicaragua 6,000 250,000 homeless 5 6.2 M S / 2
May 10, 1974 Zhaotong and Daguan in Yunnan China 20,000 Daguan earthquake. The quake was felt as far as the neighboring province of Sichuan . According to official figures, 1,423 people were killed, 1,600 injured and 66,000 buildings damaged, of which 28,000 were irreparable. Other estimates assume up to 20,000 deaths. 11 7.1 M S / 2
Dec 28, 1974 Pakistan 5,300 22nd 6.2 M S 2
Feb. 4, 1975 Liaoning , Manchuria China 1,300 Many injured and great damage in the Yingkou and Haicheng areas . Minor damage was reported from Seoul in South Korea . The quake was also felt in the Primorye region , Siberia and in Kyushu , Japan . Authorities ordered the evacuation of the metropolis of Haicheng the day before the quake, after observing an increase in smaller earthquakes that occurred at the end of a month-long period of changes in the elevation of the earth's surface and water table, as well as strange animal behavior. Estimates assume that without the evacuation the number of victims would have been around 150,000. 33 7.4 / 2
6 Sep 1975 East turkey 2,400 26th 6.7 M S 2
Feb. 4, 1976 Guatemala 22,778 5 7.5 M S 2
May 6, 1976 Friuli Italy 978 Approx.2,400 injured, see Friuli earthquake 1976 9 6.5 M S 2
June 25, 1976 New Guinea 442 5,000 to 9,000 missing people 33 7.1 M S 2
July 28, 1976 Tangshan China 242,000 unofficially up to 800,000 dead, one of the worst tremors in history; see the 1976 Tangshan earthquake 23 7.5 M W 2
Aug 16, 1976 Mindanao Philippines 8,000 enormous damage from tsunamis 33 8.1 M W 2
Nov 24, 1976 Turkey and Iran 5,000 36 7.3 M S 2
March 4th 1977 Epicenter at Vrâncioaia Romania 1,581 see Vrancea earthquake 1977 94 7.2 M b 2
16 Sep 1978 Tabas Iran 25,000 33 7.8 M S 2
Apr 15, 1979 southern Yugoslavian coastal region Montenegro and Albania 145 approx. 100,000 people are homeless, see earthquake in Montenegro in 1979 10 6.9 M S
Dec 12, 1979 Tumaco Colombia 5,000 Destruction of the Tumaco area by the tsunami (epicenter in the Pacific) during the Tumaco earthquake in 1979 , around 500 dead 10 8.1 M S 2
Oct 10, 1980 El-Asnam (formerly Orleansville) Algeria 5,000 Destruction of the city of El-Asnam 10 7.3 M S 2
Nov 8, 1980 Pacific off Northern California United States 5 19th 7.2 M S 2
Nov 23, 1980 Campania and Basilicata Italy 2,914 see 1980 Irpinia earthquake 20th 6.9 M S 2
Jan. 19, 1981 New Guinea 1,500 33 6.7 M S 2
June 11, 1981 South of iran 3,000 33 6.7 M S 2
July 28, 1981 South of iran 8,000 33 7.1 M S 2
Dec 13, 1982 Yemen 2,800 5 6.0 M S 2
May 26, 1983 Akita North of japan 104 14 m high tsunami. The epicenter was in the Sea of ​​Japan off the Oga Peninsula / Akita. 24 7.7 M S / 2
Oct. 30, 1983 Erzurum East turkey 1,342 12 6.9 M S 2
March 3, 1985 Chile 200 33 7.8 M S 2
19 Sep 1985 Michoacan Mexico 9,895 unofficially over 30,000 dead, see Mexico City earthquake 1985 28 8.1 M S 2
Oct 10, 1986 San Salvador El Salvador 1,100 The hypocenter of the quake was directly in the capital San Salvador. Sources speak of 1,000 to 1,500 dead. 7th 5.4 M S 2
March 6, 1987 Ecuador 5,000 10 7.2 M S 2
Aug 20, 1988 Nepal and India 1,450 57 6.6 M S 2
Dec. 7, 1988 West Armenia 25,000 One million homeless, see 1988 Spitak earthquake 5 6.8 M S 2
Oct 17, 1989 San Francisco USA ( California ) 63 high property damage, see Loma Prieta earthquake 1989 19th 7.1 M S 2
Apr 18, 1990 Kota Gorontalo , Sulawesi Indonesia 3 26th 7.6 M W 2
June 14, 1990 Culasi , Panay Philippines 4th 18th 7.1 M S 2
June 20, 1990 Rasht Iran 40,000 to 50,000 Manjil Rudbar quake : More than 500,000 homeless. The cities of Rasht, Manjil and Rudbar as well as 700 villages on the Caspian Sea were destroyed . 19th 7.7 M S 2
July 16, 1990 Luzon Philippines 2,412 25th 7.8 M S 2
Apr 29, 1991 Greater Caucasus North Georgia 270 100,000 homeless in the regions of Inner Kartlien / South Ossetia , Imeretia and Ratscha ; Cities Ambrolauri , Dschawa , Kwaissi , Oni and 700 villages in the area partly badly destroyed; $ 1.7 billion damage 17th 7.0 M W 2
Oct 19, 1991 North india 1,500 10 7.0 M S 2
March 13, 1992 Erzincan in Anatolia Turkey 498 27 6.9 M S 2
June 28, 1992 California United States 1 27 6.9 M S 2
Oct 12, 1992 Greater Cairo Egypt 560 The epicenter was 18 km south of downtown Cairo near Dahshur . In addition to the fatalities, there were several thousand injured and around 300,000 people lost their homes or jobs. The estimated material damage was more than $ 1 billion. Considering the relatively small strength of the quake, a devastating result. 25th 5.3 M S
Dec 12, 1992 at Flores Indonesia 2,500 Tsunami up to 25 m 28 7.8 M W 2
July 12, 1993 Hokkaidō North of japan 230 32 m high tsunami near Okushiri . The epicenter was in the Sea of ​​Japan near Hokkaidō. 17th 7.7 M S 2
Sep 30 1993 Maharashtra India almost 10,000 7th 6.2 M W 2
Jan. 17, 1994 los Angeles USA ( California ) 72 one of the most expensive insurance claims of the 2nd half of the 20th century, see Northridge earthquake 1994 18th 6.7 MW 2
Jan. 17, 1995 Kobe Japan 6,433 1995 Kobe earthquake 22nd 6.9 MW 2
May 27, 1995 Neftegorsk Russia 1,989 11 7.1 M S 2
Feb 3, 1996 Lijiang , Yunnan Province China 322 3,925 seriously injured and 13,000 slightly injured. About 358,000 homes destroyed and 654,000 damaged, more than 320,000 homeless. Maximum intensity in Lijiang. Complex event. 11 6.6 M S / 2
May 10, 1997 East iran 1,728 unofficially 3,000 dead 10 7.2 M W 2
May 30, 1998 Badakhshan Afghanistan 4,000 33 6.6 M W 2
July 7, 1998 Faial , Azores Portugal 8th 150 injured, 1500 homeless 10 6.1 M W
July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea 2,183 All tsunami victims on the north coast 10 7.0 M W 2
Jan 25, 1999 Armenia (Quindío) Colombia 1,885 17th 6.2 M W 2
June 15, 1999 Mexico 20th 70 7.0 M W 2
Aug 17, 1999 Gölcük (Kocaeli) near İzmit Turkey 18,373 Gölcük earthquake in 1999 : number of dead controversial, 50,000 injured. 17th 7.6 M W 2
21 Sep 1999 Central Taiwan Mountains Taiwan 2,400 Jiji earthquake , four powerful aftershocks within four hours, injuring 50,000 33 7.7 M W 2/3
Sep 30 1999 Oaxaca Mexico 33 61 7.5 M W 2
Oct 16, 1999 California United States 0 Hector Mine 1999 earthquake 14th 7.1 M W
June 4, 2000 Sumatra Indonesia 103 33 7.7 3
Nov 16, 2000 New Britain Papua New Guinea 2 two main tremors, the second again from two tremors 30/33 8.2 / 7.8 3

21st century

See also

Web links

Wikisource: Earthquakes  - Sources and Full Texts

Individual evidence

Main sources of the table:

  1. Historic Worldwide Earthquakes, Sorted by Date. ( Memento of October 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Earthquakes of major worldwide importance, 856–2012, sorted by date. United States Geological Survey (USGS)
  2. Significant Earthquake Database. Database with over 5500 earthquakes since 2150 BC Chr., National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC / WDS), Boulder (Colorado) , NOAA. doi: 10.7289 / V5TD9V7K (English)
  3. Earthquake Information by Year. ( Memento from January 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Earthquake information for the years 1990–2012, United States Geological Survey (USGS) (English)

Such as:

  1. ↑ a b Information brochure from the Tourism Agency for Advertising and Marketing of Northern Cyprus
  2. ↑ a b 中国 历史 上 有 记载 的 79 次 特大 地震 ( Zhongguo lishishang you jizai de 79 ci te da dizhen , The 79 worst earthquakes in Chinese history) ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: Der Archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tianshui.com.cn
  3. ↑ Tracy G. Miller: Water sprites and ancestor spirits: reading the architecture of Jinci , The Art Bulletin, 2004
  4. ↑ Comments for the Significant Earthquake. National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder (Colorado) (English)
  5. ↑ Comments for the Significant Earthquake. National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder (Colorado) (English)
  6. ↑ Comments for the Significant Earthquake. National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder (Colorado) (English)
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Earthquakes in Austria and strongest earthquakes% 5B in Austria% 5D. Web presence of the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), lexicon and subject area geophysics, last accessed on September 3, 2017.
  8. ↑ Katschberg 1201. Web presence of the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), subject area geophysics, last accessed on September 3, 2017.
  9. ↑ Comments for the Significant Earthquake. National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder (Colorado) (English)
  10. ^ The earthquake of 1348 in Friuli. Web presence of the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), subject area geophysics, accessed on September 20, 2013
  11. ↑ Nicholas Ambraseys JA Jackson: Seismicity of the Sea of ​​Marmara (Turkey) since 1500 . In: Geophysical Journal International , Volume 141, No. 3 (2000), pp. F1-F6 doi: 10.1046 / j.1365-246x.2000.00137.x .
  12. ↑ Alexander Bittner: Contributions to the knowledge of the Belluno earthquake of June 29, 1873 . In: Meeting reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna, mathematical and natural science class . tape LXIX , 1874 ( online version; text file ).
  13. ^ Klaus Reicherter, Peter Becker-Heidmann: Tsunamites in lagunas: remains of the 1522 Almería earthquake (western Mediterranean). 2nd International Tsunami Field Symposium, IGCP Project 495: Quaternary Land-Ocean Interactions: Driving Mechanisms and Coastal Responses, Ostuni (Italy) and Ionian Islands (Greece), 22-28 September 2008. pp. 127–129 (full text available on ResearchGate ) .
  14. ^ Klaus Reicherter, Peter Becker-Heidmann: Tsunami deposits in the western Mediterranean: remains of the 1522 Almería earthquake? Pp. 217-236. In: Klaus Reicherter, Alessandro M. Michetti, Pablo Gabriel Silva (Eds.): Palaeoseismology: Historical and Prehistorical Records of Earthquake Ground Effects for Seismic Hazard Assessment. Geological Society Special Publication 316. London 2009, ISBN 978-1-86239-276-2 , p. 219.
  15. ↑ Ried am Riederberg 1590. Web presence of the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), subject area geophysics, accessed on September 20, 2013.
  16. ↑ The strongest earthquakes in Austria. In: diepresse.com. May 29, 2012, accessed August 1, 2020 .
  17. ↑ a b c Ruins of Earthquakes , China Virtual Museum (English).
  18. ^ Maria Serafina Barbano, Daniela Bellettati, Dario Slejko: Sources for the study of the Eastern Alps earthquakes in the turn of the 17th century. In: P. Albini, A. Moroni (Eds.): Materials of CEC Project “Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe.” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca sul Rischio Sismico, Milan 1994 ( HTML version ).
  19. ↑ Alessio Piatanesi, Stefano Tinti: A revision of the 1693 eastern Sicily earthquake and tsunami . In: Journal of Geophysical Research , Volume 103, No. B2, 1998, pp. 2749-2758, doi: 10.1029 / 97JB03403 .
  20. ↑ Randall A. White, Juan Pablo Ligorría, Ines Lucia Cifuentes: Seismic history of the Middle America subduction zone along El Salvador, Guatemala, and Chiapas, Mexico: 1526–2000. In: Geological Society of America (Ed.): Natural Hazards in El Salvador. 2004, ISBN 978-0-8137-2375-4 , p. 394, limited preview in the Google book search.
  21. ^ Roger Bilham: The 1737 Calcutta Earthquake and Cyclone evaluated. In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. Volume 84, January 1994, pp. 1-10, online at researchgate.net.
  22. ↑ Comments for the Significant Earthquake. National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder (Colorado) (English)
  23. ↑ São Jorge digital. (No longer available online.) In: saojorgedigital.info. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 19, 2015 .
  24. ↑ José Madeira, António Brum da Silveira: Active tectonics and first paleoseismological results in Faial, Pico and S. Jorge islands (Azores, Portugal) . (PDF; 1.5 MB). In: Annals of Geophysics 46, No. 5, 2003, pp. 733-761.
  25. ↑ Wr. Neustadt 1768. Website of the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), subject area Geophysics, accessed on September 20, 2013
  26. ↑ Cfti 4.0 Catalog of Strong Italian Earthquakes. Map server of Italian earthquakes (English / Italian)
  27. ↑ Exceptional earthquake events. (PDF) Association of Cantonal Building Insurance, accessed on August 9, 2020 .
  28. ↑ Hans Peter Schönlaub: The Sumatra-Andaman catastrophe of December 26, 2004 and other quakes. ( Memento from August 1st, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Hans P. Schönlaub : The Sumatra-Andaman catastrophe of December 26th, 2004 and other earthquakes. Ferdinand von Hochstetter: Austria's pioneer in tsunami research . geologie.ac.at (with a picture of a map sketch by Hochstetter)
  29. ↑ 100 years ago: The Messina earthquake in Italy on December 28, 1908. ( Memento from April 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), report and archive material from the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG)
  30. ↑ Messina, Italy: 1908 December 28 04:20 UTC, magnitude 7.2. ( Memento from December 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Historic Earthquakes, United States Geological Survey (English)
  31. ^ Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, version 2004 (CPTI04), INGV, Bologna. Table of earthquakes in Italy since 217 BC Chr., Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia 2007 (Excel, 882 kB)
  32. ↑ Significant Earthquake. NOAA , accessed September 20, 2017 .
  33. ↑ Significant Earthquake. NOAA , accessed September 20, 2017 .
  34. ↑ Significant Earthquake. In: www.ngdc.noaa.gov. NOAA , accessed September 23, 2017 .
  35. ↑ a b c Important Canadian Earthquakes. Natural Resources Canada , October 19, 2018, accessed August 25, 2020 .
  36. ↑ Sierre 1946. Swiss Seismological Service , accessed on August 8, 2020 .
  37. ↑ Significant Earthquake. NOAA , accessed November 14, 2017 .
  38. ↑ 1957 Aleutian Tsunami. ( December 31, 2008 memento in Internet Archive ) Tsunami Research Center, University of Southern California
  39. ↑ 1964 Earthquake at Valdez youtube.com, December 20, 2010, accessed November 28, 2019.
  40. ↑ map (around Salaparuta ), www.resitalica.it (homepage) , see also Italian Wikipedia
  41. ↑ San Fernando Earthquake. ( February 1, 2009 memento on the Internet Archive ) Southern California Earthquake Data Center
  42. ↑ 40 years of the earthquake in Seebenstein. In: noe.orf.at. April 16, 2012, accessed September 20, 2013 .
  43. ↑ Historic Earthquakes: Nicaragua, 1972 December 23 06:29:42 UTC, magnitude 6.2 USGS
  44. ^ Major earthquakes on Chinese mainland since 1966 . Website of the Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in Houston, USA
  45. ↑ USGS Historic Worldwide Earthquakes: China Earthquake Information. ( Memento from February 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) USGS, Earthquake Center
  46. ^ Haicheng, China. ( September 9, 2009 memento in the Internet Archive ) USGS, Earthquake Center
  47. ↑ Flat like cookies . In: Der Spiegel . No. 17 , 1979 ( online ).
  48. ↑ Article in the newsletter Albania ; Retrieved November 28, 2012
  49. ↑ Entry in the NEIC earthquake catalog of the USGS , accessed on July 1, 2020.
  50. ↑ Steve Warren: May 26, 1983 Tsunami in the Sea of ​​Japan. (PDF; 853 kB) Retrieved March 22, 2011 .
  51. ↑ The worst earthquakes in Japan. MDR , accessed March 22, 2011 .
  52. ^ Hossam S. Badawi, Sherif A. Mourad: Observations from the 12 October 1992 Dahshour earthquake in Egypt . In: Natural Hazards , Vol. 10, No. 3, 1994, pp. 261-274, doi: 10.1007 / BF00596146
  53. ↑ RMS Fernandes, JM Miranda, J. Catalão, JF Luis, L. Bastos, BAC Ambrosius: Coseismic displacements of the M W = 6.1, July 9, 1998, Faial earthquake (Azores, North Atlantic) . (PDF; 202 kB). In: Geophysical Research Letters 29, No. 16, 2002, doi: 10.1029 / 2001GL014415 .
  54. ↑ Earthquake shakes Los Angeles. In: Spiegel Online . October 16, 1999, accessed January 23, 2018 .
  55. ↑ M 7.1 - 16km SW of Ludlow, CA. Retrieved January 23, 2018 .