Zwentendorf nuclear power plant

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Zwentendorf nuclear power plant
Zwentendorf nuclear power plant
Zwentendorf nuclear power plant
location
Zwentendorf nuclear power plant (Lower Austria)
Zwentendorf nuclear power plant
Coordinates 48 ° 21 '16 "  N , 15 ° 53' 5"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 21 '16 "  N , 15 ° 53' 5"  E
Country: Austria
Data
Owner: Energy supply Lower Austria (EVN AG)
Operator: Energy supply Lower Austria (EVN AG)
Project start: May 1, 1971
Shutdown: December 1, 1978

Construction discontinued (gross):

1 (723 MW)
Was standing: May 26, 2008
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .
f1
Sign on a transformer building near the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant

The Zwentendorf nuclear power plant (official name of the operator EVN ) (also known as the Tullnerfeld nuclear power plant ) in Zwentendorf an der Donau ( Lower Austria ), which never went into operation, is the largest investment ruin in the Republic of Austria and is considered a domestic political symbol and a milestone in economic history.

Planning and construction

On November 11, 1969, the construction of the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant was approved by the then Federal Government Klaus II . A boiling water reactor with a net output of 692  megawatts was planned ; it should cost 5.2 billion schillings (1.6 billion euros based on today's purchasing power). Construction began on April 4, 1972.

The energy plan of 1976 envisaged the construction of a total of three nuclear power plants in Austria on the Danube: One was to be built in St. Pantaleon-Erla / St. Valentin on the border between Lower Austria and Upper Austria , for which the land had already been purchased and another in the Eferdinger basin , where no specific location had yet been determined. A reactor was also to be built in St. Andrä in Carinthia . As early as the 1960s, an area next to the Drau in Edling was designated for a nuclear power plant.

The Zwentendorf power plant was to be built and operated by the Tullnerfeld Ges.mbH (GKT) community core power plant , in which the federal government and the individual federal states were involved through their respective energy supply companies as follows:

At the urging of the federal states, the decision to build the power plant was made by the federal government under Chancellor Kreisky on March 22, 1971. The energy concept of the government under Josef Klaus already provided for the construction of the power plant. The boiling water reactor was built by the German Siemens AG . The containment was produced by VOEST . The exhaust air chimney is 110 meters high.

Referendum

Popular vote ballot

After the construction of the nuclear power plant, 50.47 percent of those who voted in the referendum on November 5, 1978 (voter turnout of 64.1%) refused to put it into operation. After the referendum, there were heated discussions. The then Federal Chancellor Bruno Kreisky had announced that he would step down in the event of a vote against the power plant. The then ÖVP under chairman Josef Taus saw an opportunity to weaken the overpowering Federal Chancellor Kreisky ( SPÖ ) in the event of a defeat or to persuade him to resign, which, however, did not happen despite the loss of the vote: Bruno Kreisky achieved his greatest electoral triumph in the 1979 National Council election. Until March 1985, when the "silent liquidation" of the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant was decided, it cost a total of 14 billion schillings, 600 million schillings of which were necessary for maintenance alone.

As a result, the non-commissioning in December 1978 led to the nuclear ban law , according to which no nuclear power plants may be built in Austria in the future without a referendum. This law was tightened in 1999 by the Federal Constitutional Law for a nuclear-free Austria , which has constitutional status - since the Chernobyl catastrophe in 1986, the anti-nuclear policy has been unanimously socially and politically unanimous.

In addition, Zwentendorf - apart from the party-political aspects - became a turning point in the understanding of democracy in Austria, as did the events about the occupation of the Hainburger Au a few years later .

Artistic reception

music

Critical songwriters such as Erich Demmer , Sigi Maron , Kurt Winterstein and Martin Auer were involved with their own songs against the commissioning of the nuclear power plant, as did the political rock group "Auflauf" of the later television writer Fritz Schindlecker . In November 1998, twenty years after the referendum, Wolfgang Kos brought a selection of these songs to the Ö1 series Spielraum .

literature

The novel of voices "Damals und there" (2010) by the author Reinhard Wegerth contains two episodes about the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant. One describes what could have induced Chancellor Bruno Kreisky to hold a referendum; the other, why supporters of nuclear power also voted “no” for this one.

Replacement by coal power plant

In 1987 the Dürnrohr coal-fired power station went into operation. The location was chosen so that the power lines of the Zwentendorf power plant could be used.

From 1983 to 1996 GK Dürnrohr ( nominal transmission capacity 550 MW) served the exchange of energy between Austria and what was then Czechoslovakia . Since 1983, electricity can also be imported and exported via the high-voltage line leading from the Dürnrohr substation to the Czech Republic to the Slavětice collective substation of the Dukovany nuclear power plant .

Re-use of the facility

The Zwentendorf nuclear power plant during the Save the World Awards 2009

The boiling water reactor occasionally served as a spare part dispenser for one of the three structurally identical German nuclear power plants Isar 1 , Brunsbüttel or Philippsburg 1 ; these three were shut down in 2011. He was trained for the German Kraftwerkschule e. V. used in Essen . Since June 2010, the Zwentendorf NPP can be visited by anyone by prior arrangement.

The EVN AG has bought the plant in 2005 and set up a safety training center. A photovoltaic system was built on the site and put into operation on June 25, 2009. When fully expanded, the total of 1,000 solar modules installed on the facade and in the open-air area should provide an average of 180,000 kWh of electrical energy per year.

In 2010 the Photovoltaic Research Center Zwentendorf was founded together with the Technical University of Vienna . This is connected to a 190 kilowatt photovoltaic system. This consists of two modules with tracking .

Other facilities were also housed in the facility:

  • Until 2001 there was a gendarmerie school in the administration building .
  • The area was used as a training ground for emergency organizations in the field of disaster control.
  • In 2002 it was the branch of the local Zwentendorfer secondary school.
  • In the school year 2009/10 it was used by the Zwentendorfer Volksschule as an alternative quarters, as its school building was completely renovated.

There were also environmental policy actions that took advantage of the prominence of the place and its proximity to today's Natura 2000 area Tullnerfelder Donau-Auen :

There were also a number of uses in the cultural area:

  • From 1999 to 2002 the area also served as the venue for the Nuke Music Festival .
  • The reactor was used as the backdrop for a film with Swedish actor Dolph Lundgren . However, the film never made it to the cinema.
  • On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the referendum, Andreas Prochaska shot the television film The First Day and broadcast it for the first time on November 6, 2008.
  • In autumn 2010, parts of the film Residual Risk were shot inside the facility. It was directed by Urs Egger , with Ulrike Folkerts in the lead role . The film was broadcast on Sat.1 on January 18, 2011 .
  • In August 2012, the reactor served as a film set for the Austro-French movie RZ2 – Grand Central , directed by Rebecca Zlotowski .
  • From 2012 to 2014, the facility was the venue for the Tomorrow Festival at the end of May / beginning of June . In 2012 it was the kick-off event for the Europe-wide referendum for a nuclear phase-out by the environmental protection organization GLOBAL 2000 .
  • In 2013 Martin Küchen experimented playing the saxophone with the reverb in the system.
  • In 2014, the power station served as the backdrop for the German film drama Day of Truth by Anna Justice .
  • On August 26, 2017, the Shutdown Festival was held for the first time around the Kraftwerk, which was Austria's first outdoor hardstyle & hardcore festival. The third edition took place on August 10, 2019 with 15,000 visitors.

photos

  • Drive area of ​​the control rods - a drive motor has been left for training purposes

  • View into the opened reactor

  • Turbine hall - at the back right is a low-pressure turbine that has been opened for training

  • Control room

See also

literature

  • Dieter Pesendorfer: Paradigm Shift in Environmental Policy: From the Beginnings of Environmental Policy to Sustainability Policy: Model Case Austria? VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-531-15649-1 , environmental policy in the 1980s , p. 103 ff .
  • Heimo Halbrainer, Maria Froihofer u. a .: No nuclear power plant in Zwentendorf! 30 years later . Publ. P No 1, Provincial Library, Weitra 2008, ISBN 978-3-85252-930-1 .

Web links

Commons : Zwentendorf nuclear power plant  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Historical databases:

Image galleries:

Individual evidence

The Zwentendorf nuclear power plant: construction, protests, referendum - timeline 1956–1985 of the Vienna Democracy Center
  1. ↑ The nuclear power plant is completed in 1975 . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna November 12, 1969, p. 4 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  2. ↑ Construction of the nuclear power plant now fixed . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna March 23, 1971, p. 1 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  3. ^ F. Lauscher, O. Kretschmer: About ice conditions and choice of location of nuclear power plants on the Austrian Danube in: Österreichische Wasserwirtschaft Volume 25, Issue 11/12, 1973. pp. 243-253
  4. ↑ 1960s : Nuclear power plant planned in Carinthia. In: kaernten.orf.at. January 14, 2014, accessed October 22, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Zwentendorf nuclear power plant. Media library , accessed October 16, 2013 .
  6. ↑ No to Atom & Zwentendorf: The 25th anniversary of the vote . News.at, November 5, 2003, accessed on March 28, 2011
  7. ↑ result of the vote. Home Office
  8. ↑ Victory of the Torches over the Atomic Age . In: Der Spiegel . No. 46 , 1978 ( online ).
  9. ↑ Bernhard Natter: The "citizens" versus the "powerful". Populist protest using the examples of Zwentendorf and Hainburg . In: Anton Pelinka (Ed.): Populism in Austria . Edition Junius, Vienna 1987, p. 151–170 ( Demokratiezentrum.org [PDF]).
  10. ↑ u. a .: "Dream vacation in Zwentendorf"
  11. ^ Sisyphus-Verlag 2010, ISBN 978-3-901960-50-5
  12. ↑ Areva NP Training → Course catalog under "BWR Reactor Service" - Training in the Zwentendorf NPP
  13. ↑ orf.at
  14. ↑ zwentendorf.com
  15. ↑ "Snake robot " tested in Zwentendorf . ORF.at May 18, 2013
  16. ↑ Zwentendorf becomes a "solar power plant" . ORF Lower Austria, June 25, 2009, accessed on June 26, 2009. Investment amount: around 1.2 million euros.
  17. ↑ Melanie Manner: From nuclear power to the solar research center . Special topic energy. In: Wirtschaftsblatt . October 16, 2010, p. 13 ( wirtschaftsblatt.at ( Memento from August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF]).
  18. ↑ Chronicle. ( Memento from June 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ↑ Zwentendorf: Environment Prize celebrates its premiere in front of a nuclear power plant . derstandard.at, July 23, 2009
  20. ↑ Practice area and film set . Die Presse, October 13, 2008, accessed November 5, 2008
  21. ↑ Film shooting "Residual Risk" in Zwentendorf . August 4, 2010; Retrieved September 5, 2010
  22. ^ Article in Lower Austria today, September 5, 2010
  23. ↑ AKW as a backdrop for a feature film on ORF -NÖ from August 13, 2012, accessed on August 15, 2012.
  24. ↑ tomorrow-festival.at (April 1, 2014)
  25. ^ "Tomorrow" music festival in Zwentendorf: organizer insolvent. In: derstandard.at. March 11, 2015, accessed March 12, 2015 (APA).
  26. ↑ Johannes Heuer: React! Reactor! Martin Küchen at NPP youtube.com, video (2:17 p.m.) published October 21, 2013, accessed August 11, 2018.
  27. ↑ TV tip of the day: “Day of Truth” (Arte). Website of the community work of Protestant journalism (GEP); accessed on January 10, 2015.
  28. ↑ shutdownfestival.at , accessed on July 27, 2017
  29. ↑ The Shutdown Festival at the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant is going on in round 3 evn.at, July 10, 2019, accessed February 14, 2020.