Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant

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Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant
Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant
Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant
location
Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant (Schleswig-Holstein)
Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant
Coordinates 53 ° 53 '30 "  N , 9 ° 12' 6"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 53 '30 "  N , 9 ° 12' 6"  E
Country: Germany
Data
Owner: 66.6% Vattenfall
33.3% PreussenElektra
Operator: Kernkraftwerk Brunsbüttel GmbH & Co. oHG
Project start: 1969
Commercial operation: Feb 9, 1977
Shutdown: 2011

Decommissioned reactors (gross):

1 (806 MW)
Energy fed in in 2007: 2,487.87 GWh
Energy fed in since commissioning: 120,371.289 GWh
Website: Page at Vattenfall
Was standing: December 31, 2017
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .
f1

The decommissioned Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant (KKB) in Brunsbüttel , Dithmarschen district , Schleswig-Holstein is located at the mouth of the Elbe into the North Sea about 75 km northwest of Hamburg. It comes from the manufacturer Kraftwerk Union and is operated by Kernkraftwerk Brunsbüttel GmbH & Co. OHG . The shareholders are Vattenfall Europe Nuclear Energy GmbH (66.7%) and PreussenElektra (33.3%). The power plant is one of the most failure-prone in Germany. It has been shut down since July 2007. At the end of May 2011, the federal and state environment ministers decided to permanently shut down the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant . In November 2012, Vattenfall initiated the dismantling process. On June 21, 2017, the Schleswig-Holstein nuclear regulatory authority reported that the reactor building was free of radioactive fuel elements.

history

Construction and commissioning

The Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant - built from 1970 to 1976 - was started up for the first time on June 23, 1976. Commercial operations began on February 9, 1977, when the then owners HEW and PreussenElektra began . Before the decommissioning, 313 employees and around 150 external company employees worked in the nuclear power plant. The power plant has been part of the Vattenfall Group since 2002 .

Every German nuclear power plant must have an on- site interim storage facility for spent fuel rods. On February 5, 2006, an interim storage facility for a maximum of 80 CASTOR V / 52 containers with up to 450 t heavy metal mass, 6 × 10 19  Bq activity and 2.0 MW heat release was put into operation at the location of the nuclear power plant .

Technical specifications

Reactor block

The Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant has a power plant block with a boiling water reactor (BWR) that corresponds to the "Building Line 69" (also called "BWR-69"; designed in 1969). The reactor in Brunsbüttel is almost identical in construction to the three reactors in the German nuclear power plants Philippsburg Block 1 and Isar Block 1 as well as the Austrian nuclear power plant Zwentendorf . The latter was completed, but never went into operation after a referendum . The reactor in the Krümmel nuclear power plant is similar, but significantly larger (approx. 1200 MWe).

The spherical containment vessel (SHB) of the nuclear power plant has m an inner diameter of 27 and a design pressure of 4.25 bar. In its interior are essentially a reactor pressure vessel (RPV), an emergency shutdown system and a pressure reduction system. The latter consists of a pressure chamber, a condensation chamber and several safety and relief valves with condensation pipes. All pipelines leading out of the SHB have shut-off valves, which automatically close in the event of a malfunction to prevent the escape of radioactive water or steam.

With a thermal reactor output of 2292 MW and a net electrical output of 771 MW, it achieves a net efficiency of 33.6%.

The reactor block has the following data:

Reactor block Reactor type electrical
net
power
gross electrical
power 		start of building Network
synchronization 		Commercial
operation 		Shutdown
Brunsbüttel (KKB) Boiling water reactor 771 MW 806 MW April 15, 1970 July 13, 1976 February 9, 1977
temporarily shut down since July 21, 2007
(finally shut down in 2011)

radioactivity

During normal operation, nuclear power plants discharge small amounts of radioactive substances ( emissions ) via exhaust air and wastewater . The Atomic Energy Act obliges the supervisory authorities, among other things, to monitor operations with regard to the permitted limit values. The websites of the state government of Schleswig-Holstein provide an overview with current measured values ​​for the KKB as well .

Events

Incidents and reportable events

As of March 31, 2016, there have been 447 reportable events since the system was put into operation, two of which involved increased radioactivity emissions (as of May 1, 2015).

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
Many statements, some of them far-reaching, are made here that have to be proven.

1978

On June 17, 1978 there was an accident (event number 78/083) in which, as a result of a reactor shutdown at full load, there was an increased release of noble gas and thus an increased release of radioactivity. One day later, in the event of an accident at partial load (event number 78/084), caused by the breaking off of a nozzle in the pipe system, around 100 tons of radioactive steam escaped into the machine house within two hours. About 2 tons of this reached the area unfiltered, which led to the permissible noble gas and iodine emissions being exceeded in the area. A reactor shutdown was prevented by the operating team by improperly manipulating the reactor protection system. The incident only became known two days later when a stranger called the German press agency . The events were investigated by the Reactor Safety Commission . The KKB was shut down for several weeks. Conversions took place later; the KKB had to take longer breaks in operation.

2001

A sensational incident occurred on December 14, 2001, when an ongoing operation in explosive gas - explosion damaged a pipeline that the reactor pressure vessel was connected. The resulting loss of cooling water could be ended by closing an undamaged shut-off valve. Although an explosion detector struck in the event of a malfunction and several other monitoring devices briefly provided values ​​at the stop, the operators interpreted the event as a non-reportable "spontaneous leak" on a non-safety-relevant part of the plant. The reactor was operated at full load for several weeks without further investigation.

As prescribed by the Atomic Energy Act, the measured values ​​of the monitoring devices are transmitted directly to the responsible ministry in Kiel and recorded there. The analysis of this data prompted the ministry to request an opinion from the operator. After the operator's interpretation (“spontaneous leakage”) was unable to explain the recorded data plausibly, the ministry demanded, with increasing urgency, an inspection of the reactor to clarify the process. Only after the threat of a formal instruction were the operators ready to carry out this revision on February 21, 2002. During this inspection it turned out that the pipe of the lid shower (diameter 100 mm) had cracked and was missing for a distance of about two meters.

The cause of the explosion was oxyhydrogen , which is produced by radiolysis in all boiling water reactors in regular operation. The risk that the gas could collect in the pipe leading from the reactor lid and explode had been overlooked in the safety assessments. In February 2003, the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant was able to go back into operation. The other boiling water reactors in Germany were examined for the possibility of similar explosions.

The responsible body of the federal government (at that time a red-green coalition under Gerhard Schröder , see Cabinet Schröder I (until October 2002)) said about the delay of the inspection by the operator that this either "shamelessly fogged up" the accident or that Expertise is "scandalously underdeveloped". According to the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (former Minister: Jürgen Trittin ) this accident could have led to a core meltdown if various other safety systems had failed . The incident was rated INES 1.

2004

On August 23, 2004, a short circuit in a power cable set off a cable fire . Due to the failure of the secured internal supply, this led to a reactor shutdown. The supervisory authority then ordered a review of similar cables and other affected systems. When the resulting repair and upgrading measures were completed, the power plant went back on line after around two months at the end of October 2004.

2007

During maintenance work in an E.ON switchgear in the power grid , a fault was caused by a short circuit in the 380 kilovolt transmission network in the immediate vicinity of the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant on June 28, 2007 . The system was then automatically disconnected from the power grid and " load shedding " was used to reduce it very quickly to the power of around 30 MW required for self-supply. In order to avoid damage in the event of the strong reduction in output, an emergency turbine shutdown and, as a result, a switchover of the internal power supply to the external network transformer was triggered. The turbine shutdown was immediately followed by a reactor shutdown . When the plant was restarted on July 1st, shut-offs of the reactor water purification system were triggered twice. According to the operator, these were each due to incorrect operation by the staff. The barriers were classified in category "N" (normal) according to the AtSMV and in level 0 (with little or no safety relevance) according to the international INES accident assessment scale . According to the ministry responsible for supervision in Kiel, when a request was made to the power plant management on July 2, disruptions when restarting were denied and the later report according to AtSMV was only made “at the last minute”. Some politicians and environmentalists assessed this as renewed evidence of the inadequate information policy of the operator.

On July 18, 2007, the list of defects for the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant was published on the Internet (see web links). On July 21, 2007 the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant was completely shut down. According to Spiegel Online , the reason is again a lack of construction. During inspections, “dowels not set in accordance with the specifications”, on which the letter “K” for “nuclear technology” is missing, were found.

The Bundestag parliamentary group Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen made a “small inquiry” to the federal government in August 2007. This replied in November 2007 that the Krümmel and Brunsbüttel nuclear power plants would not be resumed until further notice. This applies until "the causes of the events in the nuclear power plants are not fully determined and suitable remedial measures are taken to prevent them from occurring again".

2008-2011

Work on the KKB site in 2011

Since then, the power plant has not been put back into operation.

A legal opinion for the parliamentary group of the Greens in the state parliament of Schleswig-Holstein from December 2010 held the operating license to have expired. A new operating license is no longer possible due to the age of the facility. The operator Vattenfall doubts the application of the Federal Immission Control Act to nuclear power plants and the definition of inadequate operation.

The yellow black in September 2010 by the Federal Government adopted and a half years later - after Fukushima - again revised maturity extension each operated an additional residual current amount to which it would have about 8 years old - approved Brunsbüttel - and the other six oldest nuclear power plants in the Federal Republic can be. In March 2011 the government announced a three-month nuclear moratorium ; During this time it would not have been allowed to return to Brunsbüttel.

On June 6, 2011, the Merkel II cabinet decided to end eight nuclear power plants - including Brunsbüttel - and to phase out nuclear power in stages by 2022

On June 30, 2011, the Bundestag passed a roll-call vote with a large majority (513 votes) on the “13th Law amending the Atomic Energy Act ”, which regulates the end of the use of nuclear energy and the acceleration of the energy transition.

2012

Even after its final shutdown in the course of the energy transition, the power plant still caused negative headlines. In March 2012 it became known that rusted barrels containing nuclear waste had been found on the site of the power plant . Operator Vattenfall is said to have known about it since December 2011.

2014

A camera inspection of 70 steel drums with radioactive waste in " Cavern IV", which has been ongoing since the beginning of January, discovered 18 rusting steel drums, according to Vattenfall. The signs of corrosion are sometimes so severe that the barrel wall was damaged in individual containers.

According to plans by the Swedish energy company Vattenfall, caverns I - III are to be examined with the camera by October 2014, before the recovery of the barrels begins in 2015. For the safe handling of the drums, Vattenfall has developed a handling concept that is available as a proposal to the supervisory authorities.

In addition to the tried and tested grapple, the affected barrels are to be secured with an outer bag and transported out of the cavern. Depending on the condition of the containers, they are either sucked empty or placed in cast Konrad containers suitable for disposal. The containers are temporarily stored in two transport staging halls on the NPP site .

A total of 631 barrels with low and medium level radioactive nuclear waste are currently stored in the six underground caverns. The containers contain waste from wastewater treatment or from the processes of the nuclear power plant.

Forwarding messages

Since 2001 there have been the following forwarding messages from the Society for Plant and Reactor Safety (GRS) regarding the KKI:

  • 2002/04: Broken cover spray line on December 14, 2001
  • 2003/08: Error in the control of the emergency power supply and the emergency and after-cooling systems, recognized on July 17, 2002, August 27, 2002 and September 12, 2002
  • 2003/12: Malfunction of a limit monitor assembly on December 18, 2002
  • 2004/11: Sporadic malfunction in the control technology of the mast hoist on July 19, 2002
  • 2004 / 11A: Deviations in the operation of the fuel element exchange platform / supplement to the forwarding message 2004/11
  • 2005/11: Short circuit in a 10 kV cable of the self-consumption supply occurred on August 23, 2004
  • 2006/01: Triggering of the CO 2 extinguishing system for a computer room with damage to a fire door on July 29, 2005
  • 2006/08: Three-phase contactor failures
  • 2009/03: Swap of signaling modules in the Geamatic control recognized on September 19, 2005
  • 2010/02: Reportable event on August 7, 2009, damage to an emergency diesel generator set after maintenance
  • 2011/01: Findings of cracks on the reactor water purification pumps
  • 2011/03: Fault at the generator circuit breaker of the UNS emergency power diesel EY60

Brunsbüttel interim storage facility

On February 17, 2004, two residents submitted an objection to the responsible office: The planned interim storage facility was a danger for the residents and was not adequately protected against external attacks. In 2007 the Schleswig Higher Administrative Court dismissed the action; a year later the Federal Administrative Court overturned this judgment. In June 2013, they withdrew operator Vattenfall's license for the Brunsbüttel interim storage facility. The federal government appealed against this. On January 16, 2015 the Federal Administrative Court ruled in the final instance .

As a consequence, the energy transition minister responsible for nuclear supervision, Dr. Robert Habeck also issued an order under nuclear law on January 16, 2015, according to which the storage of the nuclear fuel in the Brunsbüttel interim storage facility is tolerated by the State of Schleswig-Holstein until the beginning of 2018.

criticism

Demonstration in front of the NPP, April 25, 2011
Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant

Design of the emergency power supply

The German Environmental Aid Association held the emergency power supply system malfunction less prepared than those in the Swedish Forsmark nuclear power plant , where there was a fault in the emergency power supply on July 25 of 2006. The operator of the nuclear power plant, Vattenfall, vehemently contradicted this statement and came to a different conclusion in his analysis. The anti-nuclear movement criticized the fact that the operating company was not ready for a long time to inform the public about existing security risks, although there is a disclosure requirement under EU law. Due to great public pressure after the incidents on June 28, it was published on July 19, 2007.

Reactor pressure vessel

The main weak point of the reactor pressure vessel is the weld seam to the vessel bottom. It is designed too weakly, inaccessible from the outside in many places and therefore not inspectable. This was also the subject of a report by the television magazine Kontraste on July 15, 2010.

The reactor pressure vessel of the Brunsbüttel NPP was built by RDM ( Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij ), but with steel from a different supplier than the cracked pressure vessels in Tihange-2 and Doel-3.

Containment and evacuation

The safety container described above (SHB or containment for short) is a weak point in German boiling water reactors (with the exception of Gundremmingen) in the event of serious accidents with core meltdown , as it consists of only around three centimeters thick steel at the bottom. The core meltdown, which is around 2500 degrees Celsius, only takes a few minutes after the reactor vessel has melted to melt this shell through. In contrast, almost all nuclear power plants worldwide have at least one meter of concrete as a foundation under the reactor in addition to the shell, which the melt has to penetrate before it gets into the environment. In Brunsbüttel there is also the concrete foundation of the reactor building below, but at a distance of several meters under the shell. As soon as the melt has melted the shell, the ability of the building structures to retain radioactivity is massively reduced. It was predicted that an evacuation of the population of the nearby region, in this case the rather large city of Brunsbüttel, would only take 1.5 to 5 hours. Since the shutdown of the nuclear power plant, this risk no longer exists (see decay heat for the reason ).

Remaining term

The final shutdown of the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant as part of the nuclear phase-out was expected in 2009. At the beginning of 2009 the power plant still had a residual amount of electricity of 10,999.67 GWh, which corresponds to a remaining term of around 22 months. The amount of remaining electricity that is still permitted has not decreased since 2007, as the power plant has not fed any electricity into the grid since July 18, 2007. In its monthly reports, the operator Vattenfall announced vaguely in 2009: “In the Brunsbüttel and Krümmel nuclear power plants, the testing and rehabilitation program and the implementation of the package of measures published in September 2007 will be intensively continued. Both systems will remain switched off until these activities are completed, which will probably take some time. "

At the end of 2006, an action alliance was formed with the aim of immediately shutting down the “breakdown reactor”. This alliance, called “Shut down Brunsbüttel - now!”, Wrote the 'Brunsbüttel Declaration', in which the immediate shutdown of the nuclear power plant is required. Its members include Robin Wood , BUND , IPPNW and x-thousand times quer . On November 4, 2006, the first demonstration with around 400 participants took place on the entrance to the nuclear power plant. The reason for the establishment of this group and for the renewed start of the protests were the plans of the owners E.ON and Vattenfall to postpone the planned shutdown of the reactor in 2009 by redistributing the remaining term of other nuclear power plants.

On March 26, 2009, the Federal Administrative Court dismissed a lawsuit by the owners Vattenfall and E.ON in the last instance to transfer the remaining electricity from the decommissioned Mülheim-Kärlich nuclear power plant to the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant.

On April 24, 2010 a chain of over 100,000 people demonstrated against nuclear power over a distance of 120 kilometers between the Brunsbüttel and Krümmel nuclear power plants.

The federal government and coalition parties discussed an extension of the term up to a “nuclear summit” on September 5, 2010 . On that day, they decided to abolish the remaining term regulation of the nuclear consensus of 2002 and to want older reactors (including the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant) to run for eight years and newer reactors (commissioned in 1980 or later) for 14 years longer. It was questionable whether such a regulation could have come into force without the consent of the Bundesrat; some state governments later appealed to the Federal Constitutional Court . After the start of the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011, the German government passed a bill in June 2011 to permanently shut down the power plant. This nuclear phase-out was decided a little later in the Bundestag with a large majority. Brunsbüttel lost its operating license on August 6, 2011.

demolition

The Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant is to be demolished except for "the green field". In the summer of 2017, the head of the nuclear power plant, Markus Willicks, expected the approval to be granted for the demolition in the summer of 2018. It was handed over on December 21, 2018. The responsible minister Jan Philipp Albrecht estimated that the complete demolition Template: future / in 5 yearswould take about 15 years .

See also

Web links

Commons : KKW Brunsbüttel  - Collection of images

swell

  1. ↑ Annual balance 2006: 126 breakdowns in German nuclear reactors . In: Spiegel Online - Wissenschaft , May 25, 2007
  2. ^ Badische Zeitung: Countries want the end of 7 nuclear power plants
  3. ↑ Albig welcomes Vattenfall's plans to dismantle Brunsbüttel . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , November 1, 2012. Accessed November 2, 2012.
  4. ↑ http://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Landesregierung/V/Presse/PI/2017/0617/MELUR_170621_Brennelementefreiheit.html
  5. ^ German Atomic Forum e. V .: Nuclear Energy - Current 2007 , Chapter Intermediate Storage / Transport . Berlin, September 2007.
  6. ^ Federal Office for Radiation Protection : BfS approves interim storage facilities at the Brokdorf and Brunsbüttel nuclear power plants . ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.de
  7. ↑ vattenfall.de (pdf, 8 pages)
  8. ↑ ARD magazine contrasts from July 15, 2010: Nuclear power - extension of service life despite safety deficits
  9. ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Germany, Federal Republic of: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
  10. ↑ Remote monitoring of nuclear power plants in Schleswig-Holstein: measured values ( memento of the original from November 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kfue-sh.de
  11. ↑ Federal Office for Radiation Protection: Nuclear Power Plants in Germany: Notifiable Events since Commissioning ( Memento of the original dated May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.bfs.de, accessed on May 24, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.de
  12. ↑ Federal Office for Radiation Protection: Reportable events with increased activity charges and exceeding limit values ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . May 1, 2015, online at www.bfs.de, accessed on May 24, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.de
  13. ↑ a b Federal Office for Radiation Protection: Reportable events in German nuclear power plants with discharges or releases of activity and exceeding limit values ( memento of the original from May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . PDF, as of May 1, 2015, online at www.bfs.de, accessed on May 24, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.de
  14. ↑ Reportable events with activity taxes without exceeding limit values ( Memento from February 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Der Spiegel: A certain routine . July 17, 1978, online at www.spiegel.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
  16. ↑ Picture of the broken pipe ( memento of the original from March 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Greenpeace @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.greenpeace.de
  17. ↑ Like a hand grenade . In: Der Spiegel . No. 15 , 2002, p. 104 ( online ).
  18. ↑ Nuclear power: an expensive wrong track. The myths of the nuclear industry . Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). 2006. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
  19. ↑ Report of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection 2002 ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 527 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.de
  20. ↑ Randy Lehmann: Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant back in operation after a two-month shutdown. Press release text. (No longer available online.) Schleswig-Holstein State Government, Ministry of Social Affairs, Health and Consumer Protection, October 25, 2004, archived from the original on January 21, 2015 ; Retrieved July 22, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schleswig-holstein.de
  21. ↑ Opinion on defects in medium-voltage cables with safety-related significance in German nuclear power plants on the occasion of the reportable event ME E 13.1 / 04 - Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant (KKB) "Disturbance in the internal supply with RESA" from 23.08.2004. (PDF) RSK statement (391st meeting). Reactor Safety Commission , accessed March 9, 2006 .
  22. ^ Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Family, Youth and Seniors of the State of Schleswig-Holstein: Interim report on the incidents at the Brunsbüttel and Krümmel nuclear power plants on June 28, 2007 for the special session of the Social Committee of the Schleswig-Holstein State Parliament on July 19, 2007 (PDF; 300 kB)
  23. ↑ Notifiable event 10/07 (notification form according to AtSMV) (PDF)
  24. ↑ Breakdowns in the nuclear power plant again reported too late . In: Spiegel Online - Wissenschaft
  25. ↑ Report in the Heise Newsticker
  26. ↑ Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant completely shut down . In: Spiegel Online - Wissenschaft , July 21, 2007
  27. ↑ Similar violations had already been complained about in 2006 in various systems: bfs.de ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.de
  28. ↑ bundestag.de printed matter 16/6272 of August 24, 2007 (PDF; 150 kB)
  29. ↑ bundestag.de of November 2nd, 2007  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bundestag.de  
  30. ↑ Answer of the Federal Government, printed matter 16/6747 (PDF; 294 kB)
  31. ↑ a b ( page no longer available , search in web archives: monthly report November 2009 (PDF) of the operator Vattenfall Europe Nuclear Energy GmbH )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.vattenfall.de
  32. ^ RA Dr. Cornelia Ziehm, December 2010: Legal opinion on the question of the expiry of the operating license for the Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant ( memento of the original from March 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sh.gruene-fraktion.de
  33. ^ Frankfurter Rundschau: Greens see Brunsbüttel before the end , December 20, 2010
  34. ↑ taz: Eternal standstill threatens , December 20, 2010
  35. ↑ sueddeutsche.de, Cabinet decides to phase out nuclear power by 2022 , June 6, 2011, accessed July 2, 2011
  36. ↑ bundesregierung.de The way to the energy of the future ( Memento from September 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  37. ↑ bundestag.de: who voted how ( memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  38. ↑ 13. Law amending the Atomic Energy Act (PDF; 218 kB)
  39. ↑ bundestag.de: other sources
  40. ^ Wolfgang Schmidt: Rusted nuclear waste barrels in Brunsbüttel . The world . March 8, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  41. ↑ Vattenfall press service: "Camera inspection from January 29, 2014" ( Memento of the original from March 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) accessed on February 24, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / corporate.vattenfall.de
  42. ↑ Vattenfall press service: "Action plan for salvaging the nuclear waste barrels" , accessed on February 24, 2014.
  43. ↑ enveya.com "Vattenfall discovers 18 rusting nuclear waste barrels" ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Article dated February 23, 2014, accessed February 24, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.enveya.com
  44. ↑ German Bundestag Printed Matter 17/6731 - response of the federal government . PDF. August 3, 2011, online at dipbt.bundestag.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
  45. ↑ Society for Plant and Reactor Safety: Further development of the requirements for the timely detection and control of corrosion-supported crack growth in safety-relevant pressure-retaining components - final report . PDF. July 2012, online at www.grs.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
  46. ↑ Interview ( Memento of the original from May 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. with SH Environment Minister Robert Habeck (Greens) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schleswig-holstein.de
  47. ↑ sueddeutsche.de: Attack on the interim storage facility
  48. ↑ bundesverwaltungsgericht.de
  49. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from January 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schleswig-holstein.de
  50. ↑ Press release (deleted) - Deutsche Umwelthilfe
  51. ↑ Background paper (PDF; 189 kB) - Deutsche Umwelthilfe
  52. ↑ Brunsbüttel: emergency power supply secured in all cases (Vattenfall)
  53. ↑ Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant: Kiel's nuclear supervisory authority should end the information blockade from Vattenfall. - German environmental aid
  54. ↑ schleswig-holstein.de ( Memento of the original dated August 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (deleted) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schleswig-holstein.de
  55. ↑ ARD-Kontraste broadcast on July 15, 2010
  56. ↑ spiegel.de November 16, 2012: German nuclear power plants free of Belgian disease
  57. ↑ Vattenfall: Brunsbrüttel nuclear power plant (factory prospectus), Fig. P. 13
  58. ↑ Study on SWR Isar 1 (PDF; 1.1 MB), pages 34/35
  59. ↑ Report of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection on the net electrical work and residual electricity generated from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2007 ( memento of the original from March 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) bfs.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.de
  60. ↑ vattenfall.de
  61. ^ Brunsbüttler declaration . ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. akw-brunsbuettel-stilllegen.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.akw-brunsbuettel-stilllegen.de
  62. ↑ Database of the Federal Administrative Court: file number BVerwG 7 C 12.08 , decision BVerwG 7 C 12.08 , press release No. 18/2009, Az. BVerwG 7 C 8.08 / BVerwG 7 C 12.08 ; Retrieved April 10, 2013
  63. ↑ Far exceeded my high goals . In: taz , April 24, 2010
  64. ^ NDR: AKW Brunsbüttel: operator names dismantling details. (No longer available online.) Norddeutscher Rundfunk , August 22, 2017, archived from the original on September 29, 2017 ; accessed on January 8, 2018 .
  65. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein permits the demolition of nuclear power plants in Brunsbüttel. Spiegel Online, December 21, 2018, accessed on the same day.