Brokdorf nuclear power plant
| Brokdorf nuclear power plant | ||
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.jpg) |
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| position | ||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 51 '3 " N , 9 ° 20' 41" E | |
| Country: | Germany | |
| Data | ||
| Owner: | 80% PreussenElektra GmbH 20% Vattenfall |
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| Operator: | PreussenElektra GmbH | |
| Start of project: | 1975 | |
| Commercial operation: | October 1986 | |
| Shutdown: | December 31, 2021 | |
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Active reactors (gross): |
0 (0 MW) | |
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Decommissioned reactors (gross): |
1 (1480 MW) | |
| Energy fed in in 2016: | 10,958 GWh | |
| Energy fed in since commissioning: | 317,940 GWh | |
| Website: | PreussenElektra | |
| Was standing: | December 31, 2016 | |
| The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation . | ||
The decommissioned Brokdorf nuclear power plant ( KBR ) is located near the municipality of Brokdorf in the Steinburg district , Schleswig-Holstein, and was first put into operation in October 1986 by the then owners PreussenElektra and HEW . The nuclear power plant is now owned by PreussenElektra GmbH (80%) and Vattenfall (20%). During the construction phase in the 1970s and 1980s, there were violent protests by opponents of nuclear power .
With a gross output of 1480 MW, the nuclear power plant was one of the most powerful nuclear power plants in Germany. With a gross electricity generation of just under 12,000 gigawatt hours, the reactor generated the largest amount of electricity in the world in 2005.
As a result of the nuclear phase-out , the Brokdorf nuclear power plant was finally shut down on December 31, 2021.
story
Construction work began in 1975. The first partial license under nuclear law followed in 1976. Since November 1976 demonstrations of the anti-nuclear movement against planning and construction have taken place, which escalated over time. There was also a lawsuit against the building. In 1976 there was a construction freeze. After a four-year construction freeze, it was announced at the end of 1980 that construction would be continued. As a result, larger protests were announced and the district administrator in Itzehoe issued a ban on demonstrations. On February 28, 1981, the large demonstration near Brokdorf in the Wilstermarsch, with around 100,000 people, was the largest demonstration against nuclear power in the Federal Republic of Germany. Around 10,000 police officers tried in vain to prevent part of the demonstration. 128 police officers and about the same number of demonstrators were injured in violent riots, and the police seized various types of weapons. The legal disputes over the demonstration later became the subject of the Brokdorf decision of the Federal Constitutional Court. The court found that the ban on the demonstration was unconstitutional. The film Das Ding am Deich , published in 2012, portrayed the resistance of the population and the actions of the state against the protest .
From the spring of 1981, construction continued. On May 25, 1981, Hamburg's mayor Hans-Ulrich Klose ( SPD ) resigned from his office because he was unable to enforce his desired exit from the Brokdorf power plant project against parts of the Hamburg SPD leadership .
After the Chernobyl nuclear disaster , there were two nationwide large-scale demonstrations in Germany on June 7, 1986: one against the Wackersdorf reprocessing plant under construction and one against the Brokdorf nuclear power plant under construction. Both were banned. Nevertheless, hundreds of thousands of people demonstrated against nuclear energy in both places. There were massive clashes. The next day there was a protest demonstration against the police measures in Hamburg, which ended in the Hamburg cauldron , which was later classified as unconstitutional .
The Hamburg cauldron was the trigger for the establishment of the "Hamburger Signal", an association of Hamburg police officers who spoke out publicly against this police operation. The Federal Working Group of Critical Police Officers emerged from the Hamburg Signal .
On October 8, 1986, the nuclear power plant was the first in the world to go into operation after the Chernobyl reactor accident. On March 5, 2007, an interim storage facility for spent core elements with a heavy metal mass of 1,000 tons went into operation. It has 100 storage spaces for Castor containers and an approved term of a maximum of 40 years. Seven Castor casks with radioactive waste from Sellafield are to be stored in the interim storage facility .
On April 24, 2010, a chain of over 100,000 people demonstrated against nuclear power between the Brunsbüttel , Brokdorf and Krümmel nuclear power plants.
In 2006 it received a permit to increase thermal output. In autumn 2010, the Bundestag decided to extend the service life of German nuclear power plants by increasing the amount of residual electricity (this would theoretically have enabled Brokdorf to run until 2036); this extension was revised after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima in March 2011 (see nuclear phase-out ). In 2011 the Block Brokdorf protests took place. The year 2021 has been set as the early shutdown date.
After an unexpectedly thick oxidation layer was discovered on the rods of the fuel elements during overhaul work, Schleswig-Holstein's Environment Minister Robert Habeck prohibited the loading of new fuel elements and subsequent restarting of the power plant in mid-March 2017. Only five months later, after extensive investigations, the Schleswig-Holstein nuclear supervisory authority allowed the operator to restart the nuclear power plant with restrictions. Operation was only allowed to take place at 88 percent of its power; when the mean coolant temperature was reduced, 95 percent was allowed.
At the end of 2017, the operator PreussenElektra applied for the decommissioning and demolition of the kiln. The approval for the dismantling is expected in 2023. The dismantling process is expected to extend over 15 years and will be associated with particular challenges in the first phase, as there will then still be fuel elements in the reactor building that will not have decayed sufficiently by this point in time .
Worth mentioning
Since 1986 a vigil “against forgetting and resignation” has been held in front of Gate 2 of the nuclear power plant on the 6th of every month. In front of the protective moat there is a small memorial to the nuclear disasters of Chernobyl and Fukushima as well as the atomic bombing in Hiroshima .
Data of the reactor blocks
The Brokdorf nuclear power plant has one power plant block :
| Reactor block | Reactor type | Construction line | Electrical power |
thermal reactor power |
start of building | Network synchronization |
Commercialization of essential operation |
Shutdown | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| net | Gross | ||||||||
| Brokdorf (KBR) | Pressurized water reactor | KWU building line-'3 ( pre-convoy ) | 1,410 MW | 1,480 MW | 3,900 MW | Jan. 1, 1976 | Oct 14, 1986 | Dec 22, 1986 | Dec 31, 2021 |
| Technical specifications | Brokdorf reactor |
|---|---|
| Nuclear fuel | UO 2 / MOX |
| Enrichment in U 235 | up to 4% |
| Amount of nuclear fuel | 103 t |
| Number of fuel assemblies | 193 |
| Number of fuel rods per fuel assembly | 236 |
| Number of control rods per fuel assembly | 20th |
| Fuel rod length | 4.83 m |
| Fuel rod diameter | 10.75 mm |
| Number of controls | 61 |
| Absorber material | In, Ag, Cd |
| Coolant and moderator | H 2 O (light water) |
| thermal reactor power | 3900 MW |
| Net efficiency | 36.4% |
| mean power density in the reactor core | 93.2 kW / dm³ |
| Discharge burn-up (equilibrium core) | approx. 53,000 MWd / t U |
| Heat transfer surface in the reactor core | 6036 m² |
| Condenser cooling surface | 3 × 20,781 m² |
| Fuel element profile | 16 × 16 |
The designated as KBR nuclear power plant having a pressurized water reactor by the manufacturer KWU with uranium dioxide - fuel , in the enrichment grades are used by 1.9, 2.5 and 3.5 percent. Also, mixed oxide fuel elements ( MOX fuel ), the plutonium from the reprocessing contain, be used. There are 193 fuel elements with a heavy metal mass of 103 tons in the reactor of the nuclear power plant . The Brokdorf nuclear power plant has a thermal output of 3,900 megawatts and a net electrical output of 1,410 MW. It belongs to the 3rd generation of pressurized water reactors in Germany, the pre-convoy systems.
An overview with current emission values for the KBR can be found on the website of the state government of Schleswig-Holstein.
The grid connection takes place at the 380 kV maximum voltage level in the grid of the transmission system operator Tennet TSO .
See also
- List of nuclear power plants
- List of nuclear reactors in Germany
- List of the most powerful nuclear reactors
- List of nuclear reactors with the highest annual production
- Nuclear Power Plant Safety
literature
- Nuclear power - from Brokdorf to Bonn with photos by Günter Zint. Publishing house Atelier im Bauernhaus, Fischerhude 1977.
Web links
- PreussenElektra: Brokdorf nuclear power plant
- Plague: Brokdorf (Schleswig-Holstein)
- Chronicle of Brokdorf nuclear power plant
- Brokdorf nuclear power plant - materials for analyzing opposition, especially about the first major actions
Individual evidence
- ^ PreussenElektra: Brokdorf power plant . Online at www.preussenelektra.de, accessed on November 27, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e PreussenElektra: Our story . Online at www.preussenelektra.de, accessed on November 27, 2016.
- ↑ Kai von Appen, Fritz Storim, Uwe Zabel: The symbol Brokdorf . In: taz , October 28, 2006
- ↑ a b WESER-KURIER April 14, 1981, page 2: "The right of demonstration employs BVG again"
- ↑ Website of the film "Das Ding am Deich"
- ↑ German Atomic Forum e. V .: Nuclear Energy - Current 2007 , Chapter Interim Storage / Transport . Berlin, September 2007.
- ↑ Federal Office for Radiation Protection: Information on the Brokdorf site (Schleswig-Holstein), September 23, 2010. ( Memento from January 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Far exceeded the high goals . In: taz , April 24, 2010
- ↑ Gerald Traufetter: Atomic energy: Schleswig-Holstein prohibits restarting Brokdorf nuclear power plant. In: Spiegel Online . March 14, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2018 .
- ↑ After rust on fuel rods: Brokdorf nuclear power plant can be started up again. In: SPIEGEL Online . July 30, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Wolfram Hammer: Brokdorf nuclear power plant will be shut down and demolished. In: LN Online. Lübecker Nachrichten, December 1, 2017, accessed on March 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Brokdorf vigil | Base community Wulfshagenerhütten. Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Germany: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
- ↑ tagesschau.de: Merkel sees the energy transition as a "huge opportunity", May 31, 2011. ( Memento from August 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Martin Volkmer: Nuclear energy basic knowledge . KernEnergie Information Circle, Berlin June 2007, ISBN 3-926956-44-5 . Page 46
- ↑ E.ON Kernkraft - Daten ( Memento of the original dated December 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Remote monitoring of nuclear power plants in Schleswig-Holstein: Measured values ( memento of the original from July 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Power plant list of the Federal Network Agency (nationwide; all network and transformer levels) as of July 2nd, 2012. (XLS file, 1.6 MB) Archived from the original on July 22, 2012 ; Retrieved July 21, 2012 .
