Rheinsberg nuclear power plant
| Rheinsberg nuclear power plant | ||
|---|---|---|
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| location | ||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 8 '49 " N , 12 ° 59' 25" E | |
| Country: | GDR | |
| Data | ||
| Owner: | Energiewerke Nord | |
| Operator: | Energiewerke Nord | |
| Project start: | 1956 | |
| Commercial operation: | Oct 11, 1966 | |
| Shutdown: | June 1, 1990 | |
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Decommissioned reactors (gross): |
1 (70 MW) | |
| Energy fed in since commissioning: | 9,000 GWh | |
| Was standing: | Nov 13, 2006 | |
| The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation . | ||
The Rheinsberg nuclear power plant (KKR) (official name: VE Kombinat Kernkraftwerke “ Bruno Leuschner ” Greifswald / operating part of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant ) was the first economically used nuclear power plant in the GDR . It was built from 1960 near the city of Rheinsberg on an isthmus between the Nehmitzsee and the Großer Stechlinsee , went into operation in 1966 and was shut down in 1990. It has been being dismantled since 1995 .
Historical classification
The power plant belonged to the world's first generation of research and test power plants for power generation. The first nuclear reactor exported by the Soviet Union was also used.
The Rheinsberg reactor was the third nuclear reactor in the GDR. The Central Institute for Nuclear Research in Rossendorf had previously put two research reactors into operation.
The original plan provided for a second reactor block and an attached factory for fuel assemblies. Among other things, the increase in construction costs from the planned 90 million marks of the German Central Bank (MDN) to 400 million MDN prevented the plans.
In 2012, the history of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant was scientifically investigated. In January 2013 a study was published and an exhibition was opened in Rheinsberg.
Installation
The first thoughts on the project, which was initially called “Contract 903” and for which nine possible locations were considered, existed as early as 1955. The project was decided in 1956. Construction began on January 1, 1960 and the reactor went critical for the first time on March 11, 1966 (reactor still open). The ceremonial commissioning took place on May 9, 1966. Continuous commercial operation began on October 11, 1966.
Alternative location
The area around Lake Tollensee was considered as an alternative location for the nuclear power plant . The better ground conditions and the low population were the decisive factors for the location near Rheinsberg.
Accompanying construction work
A ten-kilometer connecting line to the power station with a stop in Beerenbusch was built from Rheinsberg station. Regular rail operations began on May 19, 1958.
A new settlement was built in Rheinsberg for the approximately 650 employees of the NPP.
Operation and shutdown
The KKR was equipped with a pressurized water reactor of the Soviet design of the VVER -70 type. The gross electrical output of this reactor was 70 MW . The net electrical output was 62 MW, the thermal output 265 MW. The reactor had been in trial operation with 75 MW since September 1, 1967, and this output was soon achieved in continuous operation. In October 1968, the electrical output was increased to 80 MW on a trial basis and from November 25, 1968 the power plant was then operated continuously at 80 MW. The first reloading of the fuel assemblies took place in late 1967 to early 1968.
The cooling water was taken from the Nehmitzsee and discharged through the outlet channel of the nuclear power plant into the Großer Stechlinsee. Both lakes are connected by the Polzow Canal , so that there was a cycle.
The worst reported incident in Rheinsberg ( INES level 2 ) was a pipe crack in the cooling circuit, which was quickly noticed and repaired.
Sign at the entrance of the Rheinsberg NPP
Model of the reactor plant
Nuclear power plant, institute building
Waiting for the water treatment
The block control room of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant was depicted on the back of the GDR's 10-mark note
Railroad track at Beerenbusch
An operating time of 20 years was planned. In 1986, after renovation work, it was extended by five years, so regular shutdown was scheduled for 1992. Due to serious safety concerns, the nuclear power plant was taken out of service on June 1, 1990.
The nuclear power plant had a total of 130,000 operating hours.
Dismantling
Since 1995, the operating power Nord GmbH the decommissioning of the power plant. The radioactive materials are transported to the north interim storage facility at the Greifswald nuclear power plant near Lubmin .
One of the Castor transports required for this was used in 2001 as a backdrop for the film “Angst” from the ORB's “ Polizeiruf 110 ” series .
On October 30, 2007, the reactor pressure vessel , which, including the 15 centimeter thick shielding, weighed 169 tons, was transported as a whole with the help of a 24-axle heavy-duty transport vehicle to the interim storage facility north for decay storage in order to reduce the effort and radiation exposure for the dismantling personnel. For this purpose, two old bridges near Lindow (Mark), which could only be crossed at a maximum of 10 km / h, were specially secured on the Herzberg – Rheinsberg railway line, which was closed at the time.
The subsequent use of the area in the middle of a nature reserve has not yet been clarified. Both the complete dismantling to a "green field" and an industrial reuse of the existing infrastructure are being considered. The original plans were based on the assumption that the state of "green field", the complete elimination of the facility, would be achieved in 2012. However, the reactor building is heavily contaminated with Cobalt 60 and will probably only be available for re-use after thirty years (the multiple half-life ; less than 2% remainder), when the radiation values have subsided, or can only then be demolished.
According to an earlier concept, the main dismantling and decommissioning work on the NPP should be completed by 2014, with the decontamination of the building should last until 2018. The subsequent fifty-year cooldown for the building should therefore have ended in 2069; then the main building could have been torn down. However, this plan had to be discarded due to safety concerns of the responsible supervisory authority of the state of Brandenburg.
The decontamination of the buildings turns out to be much more complex and tedious than long expected. The operator EWN now assumes that the dismantling will take until 2035 or longer. At the moment (as of June 2020) there is no approved concept that would allow the building to be demolished.
The estimate of the total costs of the dismantling of the NPP was for a long time at 600 million euros, after it was initially given in 1995 as 420 million euros. The operator now expects costs of one billion euros, including the storage of radioactive waste.
In the area of the nuclear power plant, the groundwater is radioactively contaminated due to an accident. In the 1970s, cracks appeared in the storage facility for low and medium level radioactive waste, which was simply made of concrete, through which contaminated water could escape. The warehouse was also dismantled as part of the dismantling of the nuclear power plant and the material was removed.
The disposal of solid radioactive waste is since closure of the Morsleben repository (ERAM) in September 1998 in the Interim Storage North (ISN) at Lubmin.
Data of the reactor block
| Reactor block | Reactor type | net power |
gross power |
start of building | Network synchronization |
Commercialization of essential operation |
switching off processing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rheinsberg (KKR) | VVER-70 | 62 MW | 70 MW | 01/01/1960 | 05/06/1966 | 10/10/1966 | 06/01/1990 |
Movie
- Lutz Pehnert: The Rheinsberg nuclear power plant . July 23, 2013, 10:05 p.m.
See also
Web links
- Information on the dismantling of the nuclear power plant at Energiewerke Nord
- Pictures from the dismantling
- AtomkraftwerkePlag: Rheinsberg (Brandenburg) with further sources and video of the dismantling
Footnotes
- ↑ Carsten Schäfer: Atomic Center Rheinsberg - In addition to the nuclear power plant, a fuel assembly factory was planned / exhibition is being prepared ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung from September 6, 2012
- ↑ Holger Rudolph: KKW with Khrushchev's blessing ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Ruppiner Anzeiger from September 6, 2012
- ↑ Märkische Oderzeitung: From the groundbreaking to the dismantling on January 21, 2013
- ↑ Sebastian Stude: Rheinsberg 1955. Between the control room and the cultural center - the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant in the GDR, Rheinsberg 2013
- ↑ Jürgen Rammelt: From “Contract 903” to the nuclear power plant: New exhibition opened in the Rheinsberger Schlossremise . Märkische Allgemeine, January 23, 2013
- ^ EWN: decommissioning and dismantling of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant. Information from Energiewerke Nord GmbH, as of June 2016.
- ^ DasErste.de - Police call 110 - fear. Retrieved April 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Complete transport of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) from the KKR to the ZLN. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 4, 2015 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ German Bundestag: Transport of a reactor pressure vessel from the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant to the North Interim Storage Facility, response of the Federal Government to the small question ... of the DIE LINKE parliamentary group. (PDF) Printed matter 16/7619. December 19, 2007, accessed August 4, 2015 .
- ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung: Reactor pressure vessel reaches interim storage facility. October 31, 2007, accessed August 4, 2015 .
- ^ German Atomic Forum e. V .: Annual Report 2008 - Time for Energy Responsibility . Berlin 2009, ISSN 1868-3630 . Page 32
- ↑ A nuclear power plant of clever ideas (Tagesspiegel of February 18, 2009)
- ^ Reyk Grunow: Dismantling the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant costs one billion euros . Märkische Allgemeine, June 20, 2020
- ^ German Bundestag, information from the Federal Government on the dismantling of the Rheinsberg NPP. (PDF) November 3, 2011, accessed March 31, 2015 .
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from September 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Germany, Federal Republic of: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
- ↑ mdr.de ( Memento of the original from January 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
