Grohnde nuclear power plant

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Grohnde nuclear power plant
Grohnde nuclear power plant on the Weser: the two cooling towers on the left, the reactor building and the exhaust chimney on the right
Grohnde nuclear power plant on the Weser : the two cooling towers on the left, the reactor building and the exhaust chimney on the right
position
Grohnde Nuclear Power Plant (Lower Saxony)
Grohnde nuclear power plant
Coordinates 52 ° 2 '7 "  N , 9 ° 24' 48"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 2 '7 "  N , 9 ° 24' 48"  E
Country: Germany
Data
Owner: 83.3% PreussenElektra
16.7% Stadtwerke Bielefeld
Operator: Community nuclear power plant Grohnde GmbH & Co. oHG
Start of project: 1975
Commercial operation: February 1, 1985
Shutdown: December 31, 2021

Active reactors (gross):

0 (0 MW)

Decommissioned reactors (gross):

1 (1430 MW)
Energy fed in in 2019: 10,113.3 GWh
Energy fed in since commissioning: 366,440 GWh
Website: PreussenElektra
Was standing: December 31, 2019
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .
f1

The decommissioned Grohnde nuclear power plant ( KWG ) is located on the Weser north of the Grohnde district in the Lower Saxony municipality of Emmerthal in the Hameln-Pyrmont district . A central component of the power plant is a pressurized water reactor of the 1300 MW construction line, which was built by Kraftwerk Union . The power plant is operated by the community core power plant Grohnde GmbH & Co. oHG . The shareholders are PreussenElektra (83.3%) and Stadtwerke Bielefeld (16.7%). The operator is PreussenElektra.

The nominal output of the power plant is 3900  megawatts (thermal). The net electrical output is around 1360 megawatts. For use 193 come UO 2 - fuel with an enrichment of up to 4 wt .-% 235 U, as well as MOX fuel . An increase in the initial enrichment to 4.4% has been requested. The reactor belongs to the third generation in Germany, the so-called pre-convoy systems, and became critical for the first time on September 1, 1984 (i.e. normal operating condition). After 37 years of operation, it was shut down on December 31, 2021.

location

The Grohnde nuclear power plant is located in the south of Lower Saxony on the northern edge of the low mountain range in the Weser Valley , about eight kilometers south of the city of Hameln in the municipality of Emmerthal . Administratively it belongs to the district of Hameln-Pyrmont . The eponymous village of Grohnde is two kilometers south of the power station. The Grohnde nuclear power plant is 72 meters above sea ​​level in the Weser Valley, which is three to four kilometers wide and runs in this area in a north-westerly direction. The mountains on the left bank of the Weser belong to the Weserbergland , which rises up to 350 meters here; the foothills of the Ith and Süntel can be seen on the opposite bank of the Weser .

The next village is next to the mentioned Grohnde on the other bank of the Weser in 1.8 km distance lying village Latferde ; otherwise, according to the operator, the immediate vicinity of the power plant is uninhabited within a radius of one kilometer. The nearest large cities are Hanover, 50 km to the northeast, with 534,049 inhabitants, and Hildesheim, 38 km to the east, with 101,055 inhabitants. 61 km to the west is Bielefeld with 333,509 inhabitants, 71 km to the west is Gütersloh with 100,664 inhabitants and 55 km to the south-west of Paderborn with 151,864 inhabitants. Around 80,000 people live in the immediate vicinity of 10 kilometers.

The location is characterized by unexpected earthquake activity . In the last 1000 years there has only been seldom damage from earthquakes within a radius of 200 km, and it is therefore considered earthquake-proof .

The Grohnde nuclear power plant is well connected to the surrounding transport network: Federal road 83 runs to the west , and the Hanover – Altenbeken railway connection is 10 km to the north , which can be reached from the power plant via a rail connection to the single-track Vorwohle - Emmerthal line . The next, but now decommissioned, nuclear power plant was Würgassen , 44 km south as the crow flies, also on the Weser.

The current produced is in the high voltage network of Tennet TSO fed.

story

operator

The Grohnde nuclear power plant was planned and built by E.ON predecessor PreussenElektra and the joint power plant Weser GmbH. To this end, the Grohnde GmbH community power plant was founded in 1975 , 50% of which belonged to E.ON's predecessor PreussenElektra AG and 50% to the Weser GmbH community power plant. In turn, were on Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Weser GmbH Stadtwerke Bielefeld , the power station Minden-Ravensberg (EMR) and the electricity Wesertal GmbH each hold 33.3%. The districts of Hameln-Pyrmont, Holzminden , Schaumburg and Lippe were also involved in Elektrizitätswerke Wesertal GmbH .

In 2000 PreussenElektra and Bayernwerk AG merged to form E.ON Energie. In February 2003 E.ON Energie AG took over the operating company “Gemeinschaftskernkraftwerk Grohnde GmbH & Co. oHG” with 83.3% and Stadtwerke Bielefeld with 16.7%. E.ON Kernkraft GmbH was the operator.

On July 1, 2016, E.ON Kernkraft GmbH was renamed PreussenElektra GmbH as a result of the division of the E.ON Group into a new and a conventional energy world.

Construction and resistance

Protesters at the protests against the construction of the Grohnde nuclear power plant in 1977
Demonstration of opponents of nuclear power in front of the plant in 2011

On December 3, 1973 the building application was submitted to the Lower Saxony Ministry of Social Affairs . In July 1973, the World Association for the Protection of Life in Lower Saxony called for resistance to the planned Grohnde nuclear power plant. In the summer of 1974, over 12,000 people objected to the building application. At the public hearing on 3./4. October 1974 the concerns were raised. Nevertheless, the Lower Saxony Ministry of Social Affairs issued the first partial construction permit on June 8, 1976. There were further protests, some of them violent, in Grohnde against the construction of the nuclear power plant. A demonstration with an estimated 15,000 demonstrators and around 4,000 police officers on March 19, 1977 led to an attempted occupation of the building site (inspired by the protest against the Wyhl nuclear power plant ). The demonstrators, some of whom were equipped with gas masks and helmets, managed to tear down the double metal mesh fence over a length of about 10 meters. With many injured, this was the most violent confrontation in the history of the West German demonstration to date. It went down in the protest history of the anti-nuclear movement as the “Battle for Grohnde” . The violence led to controversial discussions about the legitimacy of various methods of protest. The protest from the 1970s to 1990s was documented by Hamelin historian Bernhard Gelderblom in 2017 in a traveling exhibition entitled 40 Years “Battle of Grohnde” .

The current protest movement against the Grohnde nuclear power plant has been promoted by the Grohnde switch off regional conference since 2011 .

In August 2014, the legal aid fund Atomerbe Grohnde e. V. The purpose of the association is to support a lawsuit brought by private residents against the competent Lower Saxony Ministry of the Environment (NMU) with the aim of revoking the operating license for the Grohnde nuclear power plant. After an application submitted in March 2015 was rejected by the NMU in October 2015, the legal representative of the residents filed a lawsuit with the OVG Lüneburg immediately afterwards . A central point of the application is the lack of protection in the event of a terrorist-motivated crash of a large aircraft (e.g. Airbus A380 ) on the reactor building. The potential threat from commercial aircraft became known in the context of Renegade cases and is not included in the load assumptions for nuclear power plants. The response from the NMU has been available since May 2017. The plaintiffs have submitted a reply. In December 2018, the OVG invited the parties to a hearing in Lüneburg to discuss how to proceed. A hearing has not yet been scheduled by the court (as of February 2020, five years after the filing of the lawsuit).

Operating history

Grohnde nuclear power plant seen in the background over the Weser, January 2010

The reactor first became critical on September 1, 1984 when it was started up . The plant began its commercial operation under the Atomic Energy Act on February 1, 1985.

In the 1997 calendar year, the nuclear power plant achieved its peak value with gross electricity generation of 12,528,660 MWh.

The Grohnde nuclear power plant has a partnership with the southern Ukraine nuclear power plants in the Ukraine, Bohunice in Slovakia and Trillo in Spain.

In 2011, 345 people were employed in the nuclear power plant, for 2018 the company website names 350 of its own employees (including 18 trainees) as well as “numerous employees from partner companies”.

Grohnde nuclear power plant, at night from the Weser side

On March 30, 2011 the rumor arose that the thermal output of the power plant had been increased from 3900 to 4000 megawatts during an overhaul in 2009; the operator replaced turbine blades. According to press reports, no approval from the responsible ministry had been received at this time. In fact, changes to the turbine (no radioactive medium flows in a pressurized water reactor) were not subject to supervision under nuclear law; there was no increase in thermal output.

At the beginning of 2013 there was a discussion about the use of MOX fuel elements . Various citizens' groups expressed themselves very critically about the planned use of eight MOX fuel elements. On May 13, 2013, Lower Saxony's Environment Minister Stefan Wenzel ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen / Kabinett Weil I ) gave permission for the use of these MOX fuel elements at the Grohnde NPP after extensive discussions with various environmental associations and approved the restart. In 2014, new MOX fuel elements were used again with the consent of Stefan Wenzel.

The Atomic Energy Act, amended in 2011, stipulates that the Grohnde nuclear power plant will lose its operating license by December 31, 2021 at the latest, i.e. must be shut down ( Section 7 (1a ) AtG ). An earlier shutdown can occur if the residual electricity volume of 200.90 TWh has been generated from January 1, 2000 ( Annex 3 AtG ) and no electricity is transferred to the Grohnde nuclear power plant.

In April 2014, the NPP was shut down for an annual inspection. During the recurring tests, a defect on a generator and damage to the hold-down springs of the throttle bodies were discovered. The throttle bodies sit in the guide tubes of the fuel assemblies, which have no control rods, and are intended to optimize the coolant flow, i.e. to make it even . They do not have an important function in terms of safety. The Lower Saxony Ministry of the Environment, as the responsible supervisory authority, then demanded a full examination of all throttle body springs and the replacement of the damaged throttle bodies found in the process. After all the work had been completed and shortly before restarting, Environment Minister Stefan Wenzel received a message from an opponent of nuclear power that an important valve had allegedly been incorrectly repaired during the overhaul; the minister thereupon withheld his already prepared consent to restart and informed the Hanover public prosecutor's office . E.ON, on the other hand, immediately submitted an urgent application to the court on which the Lüneburg Higher Administrative Court was to decide. Since the public prosecutor's office refused to start investigations at all because they saw no initial suspicion, and E.ON demonstrated to the supervisory authority that the allegations were inaccurate and fictitious, Environment Minister Wenzel no longer had the option of refusing to allow restarting . It was issued on the same day; The power plant was back on the grid just 24 hours later.

Since the statutory residual electricity volume of 200.90 TWh had been used up in the second quarter of 2019, the operating company bought a further 4.7 TWh from PreussenElektra. The amount of electricity will initially ensure continued operation until October 2019 and was transferred from the decommissioned nuclear power plants Unterweser , Isar 1 and Grafenrheinfeld .

A lawsuit between PreussenElektra and Vattenfall is pending before the Hamburg Regional Court for the transmission of additional electricity from the decommissioned Krümmel nuclear power plant until the Grohnde nuclear power plant is finally shut down at the end of 2021 . Both companies each have a 50% stake in Krümmel. It's about 44,000 gigawatt hours worth around 415 million euros, to which the E.ON subsidiary PreussenElektra sees a free entitlement - half of Krümmel's remaining electricity. Co-operator and competitor Vattenfall would like to be paid for it.

At the same time, an application by PreussenElektra for the issuance of an interim injunction was dealt with, with which the company wanted to force a transfer of part of the remaining electricity amount of 10,000 gigawatt hours to the operating company of the Grohnde nuclear power plant in order to secure the continuation of operations. In a settlement, the two companies finally agreed on the transfer of 10,000 gigawatt hours for more than 278 million euros - but on the condition that the purchase price is repaid by Vattenfall to E.ON if the lawsuit is successful in the main proceedings.

The final decision of the Hamburg Regional Court, originally expected for the end of August 2019, did not take place because the presiding judge of the civil chamber announced the reopening of the hearing. In his opinion, the comparison changes the basis of the original claim. On the other hand, PreussenElektra also raised antitrust issues that have not yet been dealt with in the proceedings. According to the judge, the parties should also begin settlement negotiations in the main proceedings.

Since the remaining electricity volumes of 10,000 gigawatt hours transferred in 2019 were used up in October 2020, PreussenElektra and Vattenfall then agreed to transfer a further 3,000 gigawatt hours from Krümmel to Grohnde. This amount of electricity is expected to last until the end of January 2021 and will cost PreussenElektra a further 83.4 million euros. In the matter of PreussenElektra's lawsuit against Vattenfall, no further court date has been scheduled since 2019.

In March 2021 it became known that the federal government and the energy suppliers Vattenfall, RWE, EnBW and PreussenElektra had agreed on financial compensation and the settlement of all disputes on the occasion of the nuclear phase-out in 2011. Shortly after the worst-case scenario in Fukushima, the 8 oldest nuclear power plants were shut down due to a change in the Atomic Energy Act. The Federal Republic pays the energy suppliers a financial compensation totaling 2.428 billion euros. Vattenfall will receive EUR 1.425 billion, RWE EUR 880 million, EnBW EUR 80 million and PreussenElektra EUR 42.5 million. Another financial advantage for PreussenElektra is, within the scope of the compromise reached, that the amounts previously paid to Vattenfall with reservations for residual amounts of electricity in the three-digit million range (see above) will be fully reimbursed by Vattenfall. Only the remaining amount of electricity still required in the amount of 13 billion kWh from the Krümmel nuclear power plant will be settled against a payment of 181 million euros from PreussenElektra to Vattenfall. This settles the legal dispute between these two energy suppliers.

During the heat waves in Europe in 2019 in July 2019, the Weser, as a cooling water supplier, was so heated that the plan was to shut down the power plant if the river should reach the critical limit of 26 degrees Celsius water temperature. This increased basic temperature of the cooling water and too little flow does not allow sufficient cooling in all operating states of the power plant. In addition, the aim was to protect the river's ecosystem and not increase the temperature of the river water too much by returning heated cooling water to the Weser. However, this did not happen because the Weser was “only” 25 degrees Celsius.

In July 2019, around 100 police forces, including forces from a SEK from North Rhine-Westphalia, trained on the power plant site to combat two assumed attacks in which environmental activists occupied the cooling towers and stretched a kind of hammock between the two towers. A hostage-taking in the radioactive control area was also simulated, during which it was necessary to wear protective suits.

On February 7, 2021, the nuclear power plant achieved a total electricity generation volume of 400 billion kWh. It is the first nuclear power plant in the world to have achieved this level of generation.

factory

The central component of the power plant is a pressurized water reactor , which is located in a spherical reactor building with an exhaust chimney. Is also located on the site, a machine house , two identical natural draft wet cooling towers with a shell height of 146.50 m, river water intake structures for cooling as well as the " location intermediate storage Grohnde (ZL-KWG)". The whole facility is surrounded by a 2,200 meter long security fence. An asphalt road and a single-track railway line lead to the site for transport to and from the site.

Nuclear reactor

Construction of a pressurized water reactor

The nuclear reactor in Grohnde is a third generation pressurized water reactor , a so-called pre-convoy system of the 1300 MW class. This type of reactor was developed with modifications in the 1970s and installed in four nuclear power plants in Germany. It was built by Kraftwerk Union .

Today the power plant has a gross electrical output ( nominal output ) at the generator of 1430 megawatts (MW). The net output is 1360 megawatts. These values ​​have only been valid since a modification in the blade area of ​​the generator in 1996. The values ​​given here indicate the maximum power that can be available for the production of electrical energy. The net output corresponds to the gross value minus the power plant's own consumption of ancillary and auxiliary systems. The thermal reactor output is up to 3900 megawatts.

The reactor core holds 193 fuel elements with an active fuel rod length of 3.9 meters and a fuel mass of 103 tons. The four steam generators have a total mass of 365 tons with a largest diameter of 4.9 meters and a total height of 21.3 meters. The system is a so-called "four-loop system" with four steam generators, in which the thermal energy from the primary circuit is transferred to the secondary circuit to drive the turbines via four separate contact points.

The reactor cooling system consists of four main coolant pumps with a drive power of up to 7350 kW per pump. The mean coolant temperature is 308.6 ° C.

The reactor area includes the reactor pressure vessel with an inner diameter of 5 m and a total height including control rod drive connection of 12.3 m. The total weight of the pressure vessel is about 540 tons, the wall thickness of the cylindrical part 25 centimeters. The containment is made of WStE 51 steel.

Reactor block Reactor type Construction line electrical
power 		thermal
reactor power 		start of building Network
synchronization 		Commercialization
of essential operation 		Shutdown
net Gross
Grohnde (KWG) Pressurized water reactor KWU building line '3 ( pre-convoy ) 1,360 MW 1,430 MW 3,900 MW June 1, 1976 5th Sep 1984 Feb. 1, 1985 Dec 31, 2021

Security container

The containment vessel is designed in NPP Grohnde as a sphere that surrounds the nuclear reactor with its associated elements. It is made of steel and has a wall thickness of 30 mm and a sphere diameter of 56 meters. It is designed for an internal pressure of 5.3 bar. According to a guideline of the Reactor Safety Commission that came into force in 1981, the surrounding concrete shell is designed to be able to withstand the crash of an F-4 Phantom that flies at 774 km / h and weighs twenty tons. The reactor shell is made of 180 cm thick concrete. It should also be able to survive the crash of an Airbus A320 .

Operating profit

Annual net electricity generation at the Grohnde nuclear power plant
year Million
kilowatt
hours
[GWh] 		year Million
kilowatt
hours
[GWh]
1984 1,214.0 2003 10,933.0
1985 10,871.1 2004 10,695.4
1986 10,205.4 2005 10,841.0
1987 9,648.5 2006 10,995.7
1988 10,208.3 2007 10,818.4
1989 10,279.4 2008 10,546.0
1990 10,123.6 2009 10,867.5
1991 9,957.8 2010 10,782.4
1992 10,424.3 2011 9,603.2
1993 10,680.1 2012 11,008.6
1994 10,226.5 2013 10,420.1
1995 10,771.1 2014 9,481.2
1996 10,589.9 2015 9,864.6
1997 11,864.7 2016 8,415.9
1998 11,146.3 2017 9,133.0
1999 11,212.2 2018 10,339.2
2000 11,055.9 2019 10,113.3
2001 10,926.7 2020 9,909.6
2002 10,791.7

The electrical energy produced by the nuclear power plant mainly depends on how many days it is on the grid during normal operation. In normal operation, it almost always runs at full load and thus serves to supply the base load in the power grid. The maximum possible electricity production, however, is not achieved due to the annual revision, which can take between two and six weeks and is usually scheduled in April. In addition, there are occasional shutdowns due to irregularities in the system and unforeseen repairs.

While the annual net electricity generation in the Grohnde nuclear power plant was almost always over 10,000 GWh up to 2013, there was a significant decrease in electricity production between 2014 and 2017 (see table on the right). The reason for this was defects in various components, both in the nuclear and non-nuclear sectors, which led to long downtimes in 2014 and 2016 in particular. The spring revision of 2016 had to be extended from the regular two to a total of 10 weeks due to an installation error in an after-cooling pump (see operational disruptions and reportable events ). As a result, annual electricity production fell to 8,416 GWh. A result of over 10,000 GWh was not achieved again until 2018.

Buildings

Exhaust chimney

The exhaust chimney is used for the targeted release of gaseous emissions from the reactor building into the environment. The chimney is high, according to TÜV 130 meters. Even in normal operation, radioactive substances are emitted, the amount of which is subject to monitoring.

Remote nuclear reactor monitoring

In 1984 the Grohnde NPP was integrated into the nuclear power plant remote monitoring system of the State of Lower Saxony. This is intended to monitor and document the emissions of radioactive substances with exhaust air or wastewater from the Grohnde nuclear power plant and the other nuclear power plants in Lower Saxony from an operator-independent side. In detail, these are the values ​​for the release of radioactive substances in the form of noble gases, aerosols and iodine (nuclide 131 J) in the exhaust chimney as well as the concentration of the radioactive substances present in the wastewater.

Mains connection

The grid connection takes place at the 380 kV maximum voltage level in the grid of the transmission system operator Tennet TSO .

Interim storage

An interim storage facility for transport casks of the Castor V / 19 type , in which spent nuclear fuel elements with a heavy metal mass of 1,000 tons can be stored, was put into operation on April 17, 2006. The interim storage facility is intended to make transports from the Grohnde NPP to reprocessing superfluous.

The location is 200 meters from the reactor building within the protection zone V of the medicinal spring protection area for the Bad Pyrmont state bath and one kilometer northeast of a water protection area .

The storage takes place according to the concept of dry interim storage in metallic, tightly closed containers in a storage building made of reinforced concrete. According to the approval notice of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) dated December 20, 2002, the storage of the nuclear fuel may take place in a maximum of 100 parking spaces. The storage permit is limited to 40 years.

The interim storage facility has 1.20 m thick walls and a 1.30 m thick reinforced concrete ceiling. The floor slab is designed as a continuous reinforced concrete slab. The external dimensions of the storage building are 93 m in length, 27 m in width and 23 m in height.

Since it was put into operation, 34 castors have been placed in the interim storage facility (as of February 2020).

At the beginning of February 2020 it was announced that PreussenElektra had ordered a total of 62 Castor containers for its Grohnde and Brokdorf NPP sites. Of these, 23 are destined for Grohnde and 39 for Brokdorf. The order has a total volume of well over 100 million euros. The supplier is the Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service (GNS). The containers are to be delivered from the GNS operating facility in Mülheim an der Ruhr to the two power plants from mid-2022 after their power operation has ended at the end of 2021.

Since January 1, 2019, the federally owned Society for Interim Storage ( BGZ ) has been responsible for all 12 intermediate fuel storage facilities at the German nuclear power plants, including the Grohnde interim storage facility. On March 7, 2019, representatives of the BGZ presented their interim storage concept for Grohnde to the public in the Emmerthal town hall.

safety

In the so-called stress test carried out by the EU Commission in 2011/2012, the Grohnde nuclear power plant was certified to be insufficiently prepared for earthquakes. The Commission sees a need to upgrade instruments to announce possible earthquakes.

Operational disruptions and reportable events

View of the Grohnde nuclear power plant, Tündern in the foreground , the Bückeberg on the left with the former festival site of the Reichserntedankfeste

270 reportable events have been reported at the Grohnde NPP since 1984 (as of November 30, 2019). This puts the Grohnde nuclear power plant in third place in terms of the number of reportable events after the Brokdorf nuclear power plants (274) and Philippsburg  2 (276). The relevant statistics are kept by the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE, formerly BfE).

1985

During an overhaul, it became apparent that the high-pressure emergency cooling system was not working because one of the four pumps contained gas instead of water. The other three pumps also contained an impermissible amount of gases in their supply lines. A leak in the primary cooling circuit could therefore have led to a core meltdown.

1996

Incorrect operation while a test was being carried out briefly led to an unforeseen opening of the pressurizer relief valve on the primary circuit. The incident was classified as a reportable event of INES level 1.

2005

On July 11th, several components were shut down due to a malfunction. The incorrect opening of a minimum flow valve of a feed water pump triggered an underfeed transient, which resulted in the steam generator level falling below 8.5 meters and the turbine and reactor shutdown . After the cause of the malfunction had been clarified, the reactor resumed power operation on July 12 at 12:32 a.m.

On July 24th at 9:16 a.m. there was a turbine control fault, which caused a load shedding to 240 MW. This subsequently led to a reactor shutdown. After the error had been rectified, the reactor was started up again about 12 hours later.

2014

At the end of April, irreparable damage worth millions was discovered inside the 550-tonne power generator during the overhaul. The used replacement generator was brought in by water. In order to raise the water level of the Weser, which was too low for heavy transport, water was drained from the Edertalsperre . The revision was extended by several weeks due to the exchange campaign.

2016

In the area of ​​the secondary chemical dosing nozzle of the evaporation column of the radioactive waste water treatment system, a local weakening of the wall thickness on the container wall was found in January 2016 during power operation.

During the spring inspection, when the reactor was restarted, damage was found to one of the four after-cooling pumps. An impeller nut had come loose. It was tightened with the wrong torque and a locking washer was not properly fixed. This led to damage to various pump components with material erosion. Detached metal parts weighing 20 kg were distributed throughout the reactor cooling circuit and had to be filtered out in a time-consuming process. In addition, all 193 fuel elements were unloaded from the reactor core and examined for damage. In addition, the four 19 meter high steam generators with a total of 16,000 heating pipes had to be checked for damage. That is why the system was offline from the beginning of April to mid-June.

At the end of July, the operator took the system offline due to a drip leak. After a weld seam in the area of ​​the main coolant line had been repaired, the system was restarted after two weeks in mid-August.

A worker was killed in August when hot steam escaped from an auxiliary boiler during maintenance work.

At the end of August 2016, when handling outside the reactor building, a transport container for non-irradiated fuel assemblies slipped, whereupon a lifting beam was deformed. The two fuel elements transported were then examined for damage by the manufacturer.

2017

On January 26, an electronic assembly in one of four strings of the reactor protection system failed. Since preventive maintenance measures were being carried out on another line, only half of the emergency feed system was available in the meantime (2 of 4 50% lines remained). According to reports from the operator PreussenElektra and the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Environment, this incident was classified according to criterion E 2.1.1 (urgent) in accordance with the Nuclear Safety Officer and Reporting Ordinance (AtSMV).

On March 4, during the overhaul, an emergency diesel was erroneously started because a diode plug had been inserted by mistake. This event occurred during tests during the conversion from internal power supply to external power supply.

On March 28, during the overhaul, it was found that a fuel element centering pin in the lower core frame of the reactor pressure vessel had come loose. The centering pin has been recovered. It was still there when the fuel assemblies were unloaded, but had come loose during overhaul work. Two centering pins per fuel assembly serve as a positioning aid when inserting it into the reactor.

On April 3, during the overhaul, a defective electronic assembly in the control path of the control valve was replaced in one of the four feed lines of the steam generator.

On September 25th, 31 fuel elements that were in the wet storage facility were inspected as part of a test program . The system was in full load operation. A broken hold-down spring was found on each of three fuel assemblies. The hold-down springs are used to correctly position a fuel assembly. A fuel assembly has a total of 16 hold-down springs.

On October 25, as part of continuous monitoring, it was found that there was a leak in a measuring line of one of the four main coolant pumps. The power plant had to be taken off the grid for 10 days for repair purposes.

On November 30th, during a routine inspection, a leak was found in one of the four lines of the intercooling system. Ongoing operations were not affected.

2018

During the overhaul, which ran from February 24 to March 22, two reportable events were identified:

  • In the reportable event 01/2018 “Deficiency in the electric drive of the main steam relief valve”, a malfunction in the drive of a main steam relief valve was detected and rectified.
  • During the reportable event 02/2018 "Defective fuel element centering pin", the breakage of a fuel element centering pin was reported. The fragment was recovered and all other fuel assembly centering pins checked.

On April 10, one of the four emergency diesel engines had to be replaced with a reserve generator as part of a recurring test. As part of a routine test, two findings were found on an emergency diesel engine:

  • Reportable event 03/2018: Beginning of bearing damage in the area of ​​the crankshaft
  • Reportable event 04/2018: Deposits on a cooling water temperature controller

On April 16, a faulty response to a signal from the reactor protection system resulted in the start of an emergency diesel in one of four lines. This is reportable event no. 05/2018.

On June 16, during an operational switching process of a refrigeration machine, it was found that a control valve for the cooling water supply to the refrigeration machine could not be moved. The reason for this was a valve spindle that had jammed. The chillers supply certain areas of the room with cooled fresh air via circulating air systems. During the repair, the cooling machines of the other three redundancies were available. This is reportable event no. 06/2018.

On July 11, 2018, in the course of an operational switching process, one of four system lines of the auxiliary cooling water system failed. Inadequate movement of a non-return valve in the pipeline system was found to be the cause. The auxiliary cooling water system is used to dissipate heat and cool components from operational and safety systems. This is reportable event no. 07/2018.

On December 4, 2018, a reportable event occurred in which, on the occasion of a recurring inspection, an overflow valve in a branch of the additional borehole system was not properly regulated. Among other things, the valve has the task of guiding the coolant back into the flood tank instead of into the reactor cooling circuit during such periodic tests. This is reportable event no. 08/2018.

This increases the total number of reportable events at the Grohnde nuclear power plant to 262.

2019

In the course of the power plant overhaul from April 21 to May 26, the supervisory authority was notified by the plant operator of the following three reportable events:

  1. As part of the activation of a branch of the auxiliary cooling water system, cooling water entered a pump room, flooding the pump located therein. The pump has been replaced.
  2. As part of the test program in the live steam system, wall thickness weaknesses were found on small pipelines. The integrity of the lines was sufficient, but they were replaced.
  3. There was also a false start of an emergency power supply diesel due to a deviating test setting.

Due to the extensive work, the revision was originally planned to last 26 days. After the overhaul work was completed, it turned out in mid-May that a plug connection on a measuring device on the cover of the reactor pressure vessel was defective and had to be replaced. For this it was necessary to reopen the reactor pressure vessel, which required extensive preparatory work. The system downtime was extended by a further 10 days, so that the system could only be connected to the grid after 5 weeks on May 27th.

On July 15, PreussenElektra announced that the required minimum quantity of an emergency feed pump had not been reached. The reason for this was the sluggishness of a valve on the pump. The valve has been repaired.

On August 13th, PreussenElektra reported a defect in a high-pressure seal on a boriding pump. The affected seal was renewed.

On September 16, the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Environment, as the nuclear supervisory authority, reported conspicuous running noises on one of four auxiliary cooling water pumps. Since the beginning of damage could not be ruled out, the pump was temporarily shut down and repaired.

On November 5, 2019, a small leakage of cooling water was discovered in one of four emergency diesel engines. The reason for this was a loose pipe bracket, which could cause a seal to move.

On November 8, 2019, an emergency power supply diesel started unplanned due to a defect in the electronic assemblies controlling a coupling switch of the emergency power system. The reactor protection system started the diesel as intended.

This increases the total number of reportable events at the Grohnde nuclear power plant to 270.

2020

At the beginning of April 2020, shortly before the shutdown for revision, a fault was found on a circuit breaker of one of the 4 main coolant pumps. For certain rare incidents, the diverse shutdown of one of the four main coolant pumps would not have been available. The switch was exchanged and the pump started up again.

This increases the total number of reportable events at the Grohnde nuclear power plant to 271.

On August 25, PreussenElektra announced that during a recurring test of an additional boron pump it was found that the test pressure on the pressure line behind the pump dropped minimally. The reason for this was the sluggishness of the valve spindle in the overflow valve of this subsystem. The sluggishness in this valve, if required, could possibly have meant that the subsystem concerned would not have been fully available. The valve spindle was exchanged and the subsequent test run was carried out successfully.

The total number of reportable events increases to 272.

On August 31, PreussenElektra announced that two safety valves opened unplanned during a recurring test of a strand of the nuclear aftercooling system. The reason for this was an impermissible pressure build-up in the circuit produced for the test. The trigger for this pressure build-up was an unexpected flow obstruction within a valve. The response of the safety valves was therefore justified, but is formally subject to the reporting obligation, although no safety function was impaired. The obstruction within the valve, which was caused by a torn rubber membrane, has been eliminated by replacing the defective membrane with a spare part.

The total number of reportable events at the Grohnde nuclear power plant thus increases to 273.

2021

On January 18, PreussenElektra announced that during a recurring test on January 11, 2021, a valve in the additional borating system could not be closed as intended. During the preparations for the recurring test, a valve in one of the four lines of the so-called additional borating system could not be moved via the control system. The reason for this turned out to be a fault in a control system assembly. The error was corrected by replacing the assembly. Since the additional borating system is part of the plant's safety system, the event was reported in accordance with Category N 2.1.1 of the Nuclear Reporting Ordinance ( AtSMV ) and classified in INES 0.

During troubleshooting as part of the aforementioned event, there was also a short circuit in an adjacent switchgear panel. The reason for this was a fault in the insulation of a wire, which caused the short circuit when one of these assemblies was removed. As a result, further fittings with the same redundancy became unavailable for the duration of the repair. This event was also reported according to category N 2.1.1 of the AtSMV and classified in INES 0.

The total number of notifiable events at the Grohnde nuclear power plant thus increases to 275.

On March 20, 2021, the Grohnde nuclear power plant was shut down for the last power plant inspection before the end of its power operation on December 31, 2021, in order to insert 28 new fuel assemblies and subject the containment to a final leak test.

During the downtime, the following two reportable events were recorded and classified in INES 0 during recurring inspections:

  1. On the one hand, a malfunction was found in the minimum volume operation of one of four emergency feed water systems. The corresponding control valve was inspected. No further findings were found when the tests were carried out again afterwards.
  2. On the other hand, three auxiliary relays in the emergency power switchgear were identified as faulty. The affected relays were exchanged.

The total number of reportable events increases to 277.

On July 8th, as part of the operational monitoring, a loss of cooling water was found on one of the four emergency generators. The reason for this was a leak in a turbocharger of the affected diesel. Since another emergency diesel was not available at this time due to planned maintenance work, only two of the four emergency diesel were ready for use for a few hours. Two of the four emergency power diesels are sufficient for a reliable power supply when required.

The incident is below the seven-level international scale for the safety assessment of incidents in nuclear power plants (“Level 0”). It was reported to the supervisory authority in a timely manner according to the category “E” (“Urgent”).

The total number of reportable events increases to 278.

On October 4, 2021, following a recurring test of an emergency diesel generator, an intercooler pump could not be started by hand. The reason for this was an incorrect feedback from the interlocking of the circuit breaker. The affected switch was exchanged for a reserve switch, and the subsequent functional test was successful. The switch is examined by the manufacturer to further clarify the cause.

Intermediate cooling pumps are part of the residual heat removal system. Two of the four existing pumps are sufficient for safe incident control. In this respect, the event had no impact on the intended operation of the system and was of no relevance to safety.

The total number of reportable events increases to 279.

Social impact

Road blockade with tractors in front of the Grohnde nuclear power plant against an expected MOX transport in November 2012

On January 15, 2011, several hundred opponents of nuclear power demonstrated against the planned transport of 16 MOX fuel elements from the British reprocessing plant Sellafield to the Grohnde nuclear power plant.

On Easter Monday 2011, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, police said 5000 demonstrators gathered at the nuclear power plant, the organizer speaks of up to 20,000 demonstrators. They surrounded the 2200 meter long fence around the nuclear power plant. Event spokesman Ralf Strohbach said: "Nuclear power is a constant threat to our region."

On March 11, 2013, the second anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear disaster , 20,000 demonstrators with a chain of people and actions in a ring of 40 to 60 km around the Grohnde nuclear power plant demonstrated the extent of an evacuation like the one in Fukushima means for the region.

Since the beginning of 2017, more and more cities, municipalities and counties in the near and far vicinity of the nuclear power plant have been demanding its decommissioning. So far, 19 municipal bodies in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony have passed a corresponding resolution, including the cities of Detmold and Herford as well as the city and the district of Göttingen and the cities of Bad Pyrmont , Hameln and Bockenem . The resolutions are addressed to the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Environment as the responsible nuclear supervisory authority and to the Federal Environment Ministry .

See also

Web links

Commons : Kernkraftwerk Grohnde  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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