Bohunice nuclear power plant

Bohunice nuclear power plant
Cooling towers (disused V1 left and front, V2 right and rear)
location
Coordinates	48 ° 29 ′ 40 "  N , 17 ° 40 ′ 50"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 29 ′ 40 "  N , 17 ° 40 ′ 50"  E
Country:	Slovakia
Data
Owner:	V1:  JAVYS V2:  Slovenské Elektrárne
Operator:	V1: JAVYS V2: Slovenské Elektrárne
Project start:	1958
Commercial operation:	December 25, 1972
Active reactors (gross):	2 (904 MW)
Decommissioned reactors (gross):	3 (1,023 MW)
Energy fed in in 2006:	7,779 GWh
Energy fed in since commissioning:	263,471 GWh
Was standing:	December 31, 2008
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .

The Bohunice nuclear power plant ( Slovak Atómové elektrárne Bohunice , abbr. EBO) is located about 2.5 km from the village of Jaslovské Bohunice in the Okres Trnava in western Slovakia . It consists of a total of three systems with the designations Bohunice A1 (shut down since 1979), Bohunice V1 (shut down since 2008) and Bohunice V2 (in operation). The plants V1 and V2 each have two pressurized water reactors of the type WWER -440. In the immediate vicinity of the nuclear power plant, the Malženice gas and steam power plant was built under the management of E.ON in autumn 2009, and has been in cold reserve since October 2013.

Bohunice A1

The first Czechoslovakian nuclear power plant Bohunice A1 is also located at the site. The reactor, which has been shut down since 1979, was a unique Czechoslovak prototype with the designation KS 150. It is a pressure tube reactor , cooled with carbon dioxide gas and moderated with heavy water , which was operated with non- enriched uranium . In addition to the fuel elements, the reactor was built by Škoda from 1958 and went into operation in 1972.

Two serious accidents occurred in quick succession. On January 5, 1976, radioactively contaminated coolant leaked into the reactor hall. The fuel assemblies were normally changed under full operation. After replacing a fuel element, it came loose in the pressure tube, shot out of the reactor up into the reactor hall and smashed against the crane above the reactor. The pressurized carbon dioxide used as coolant flowed through the open channel into the reactor space. The operating team succeeded in sealing the open canal with the loading crane, but two employees could not save themselves in time and suffocated. On February 22, 1977, the system was badly damaged when it was refilled with fuel rods: In the accident, forgotten residues of the desiccant silica gel included in the packaging led to blockages on a fuel element, so that the coolant could not flow through properly and local overheating occurred. The pressure pipe and surrounding technological channels were damaged. Heavy water penetrated the gas cooling circuit. Due to the rapid increase in temperature, the coating on the fuel rods in the active zone was damaged. The removal of this barrier contaminated the primary area and then parts of the secondary area due to leaks in the steam generators. It was already clear in the first half of 1978 that operations would not be resumed for economic or technical reasons. The federal government decided in 1979 not to resume operations and to shut down the reactor block.

The accident in 1977 is listed in the international accident statistics in level 4 of the INES scale , the incident in 1976 is listed as a serious incident (INES 3). The damaged and the remaining fuel elements from reactor A1 have meanwhile been brought back to Russia. The reactor building represents a contaminated site on the power plant site that has not yet been rehabilitated.

Bohunice V1

In the meanwhile decommissioned plant V1, two 440 MW WWER of the type WWER-440/230 of the 1st generation are used, which have a number of safety defects due to their design. The blocks each had an installed capacity of 440  MW and were connected to the grid between 1978 and 1985. By the year 2000 the emergency cooling systems had been improved and the control and management technology of the two reactors retrofitted with Western control technology and electronics for more than 120 million euros.

Retrofitting

From 1996 to 2000 Bohunice was modernized for US $ 215 million. The consortium REKON - Siemens KWU and VUJE Trnava - was the main contractor. Numerous safety-relevant parts of the power plant were renewed, including the emergency cooling system, emergency power supply and the instruments including control.

Shutdown

The decommissioning of plant V1 with reactors 1 and 2 was agreed with the EU in the 2003 Accession Treaty through Protocol No. 9 relating to reactors 1 and 2 of the Bohunice V1 nuclear power plant in Slovakia . The first block was shut down on December 31, 2006. Unit 2 was shut down on December 31, 2008 as planned. Four reactors of the same type were shut down in the Greifswald nuclear power plant as early as 1990, since it was also found here that the reactors of version 230 could not be modernized to a sufficient extent. As a replacement, two reactors are to be completed in the second Slovak nuclear power plant in Mochovce .

Planned restart due to gas dispute

Due to the gas supply being interrupted on January 7, 2009 because of the dispute between Russia and the gas transit country Ukraine , the country faced an energetic collapse, according to Economics Minister Lubomir Jahnatek, after the last gas reserves available for electricity supply had been consumed. That is why the Slovak government decided on January 10, 2009, as an emergency measure, to put the shutdown unit back into operation for a limited time in order to prevent the collapse of the Slovak energy supply network. Prime Minister Robert Fico consciously accepted the violation of the EU accession treaty by this step as well as the expected protests from Austria and environmental associations .

After just a few days, however, the Slovak Foreign Ministry announced that restarting was temporarily off the table due to supporting gas supplies from the Czech Republic .

Bohunice V2

The WWER used in system V2 are of the type WWER-440/213 from the 2nd generation and were connected to the grid on August 20, 1984 and December 18, 1985. In 1987 and 1997, plant V2 was converted for the additional use of district heating . The two reactor blocks Bohunice-3 and Bohunice-4 of the type WWER-440/213 can be modernized and will be upgraded and continued to operate.

From 2005 to 2008, the Bohunice V2 reactors were modernized. Among other things, the seismic stability, the cooling system and the control system were modernized. Further operation is planned until 2025 . Subsequently, the output of both units was increased from 440 MW to 505 MW each by November 2010.

Bohunice V3

The Slovak government had announced that a new nuclear power plant would be built to shut down Bohunice V1. There was the possibility of a fifth block in Mochovce and a new nuclear power plant in Kecerovce . In March 2007 E.ON also expressed its interest in a new nuclear power plant in Bohunice and ČEZ a few months later in October. Later it was decided to build a 1200 MW nuclear power plant in Bohunice and a 1,200 MW block in Kecerovce. On September 17, 2008, Slovakia signed a framework agreement with France on cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, with the aim of building an EPR or Atmea in Bohunice. But there are also pressurized water reactor projects from other manufacturers such as Westinghouse and Mitsubishi as well as a Russian VVER type in competition.

Data of the reactor blocks

The nuclear power plant consists of the three subsystems Bohunice A1 , Bohunice V1 (units 1 and 2) and Bohunice V2 (units 3 and 4).

Reactor block	Reactor type	net power	gross power	start of building	Network synchronization	Commercialization of essential operation	switching off processing
Bohunice A1	KS-150 pressure tube reactor	93 MW	143 MW	August 1, 1958	December 25, 1972	December 25, 1972	17th May 1979
Bohunice V1
Bohunice 1	WWER-440/230	408 MW	440 MW	April 24, 1972	17th December 1978	April 1, 1980	December 31, 2006
Bohunice 2	WWER-440/230	408 MW	440 MW	April 24, 1972	March 26, 1980	January 1, 1981	December 31, 2008
Bohunice V2
Bohunice 3	WWER-440/213	472 MW	505 MW	1st December 1976	20th August 1984	February 14, 1985	(Planned for 2025)
Bohunice 4	WWER-440/213	471 MW	505 MW	1st December 1976	August 9, 1985	18th December 1985	(Planned for 2025)

See also

• Czechoslovakia nuclear program
• List of nuclear power plants
• List of VVER

Web links

• Information from the operator about V2 (English)
• Plague: Bohunice (Slovakia)
• Inside Wano , Volume 10, No. 2 from 2002 contains a report on the renovations in 1996–2000
• Presentation on the dismantling of Bohunice A, with views of the plant (PDF, English)
• Decommissioning project pf A1 Bohunice NPP (PDF, English, 155 KiB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} JAVYS: Information on the Bohunice A-1 nuclear power plant ( Memento of the original from October 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (english / slovak) 
2. ↑ SME.sk: Černobyľ mohol byť u nás (interview with Milan Antolík, member of the service team during the accident)
3. ↑ Jozef KEHER: Historické aspekty JE V1 - Historic Aspects of V1 NPP. In: Dobroslav Dobák et al .: 50 rokov jadrových elektrární na Slovensku. Jadrová a vyraďovacia spoločnosť and Enel Slovenské elektrárne, 2007. pp. 56–75 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link accordingly Instructions and then remove this notice. ) 
4. ↑ Martin Slezák: Historické aspekty VYZ - Historical aspects of VYZ. In: Dobroslav Dobák et al .: 50 rokov jadrových elektrární na Slovensku. Jadrová a vyraďovacia spoločnosť and Enel Slovenské elektrárne, 2007. pp. 98-109 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link accordingly Instructions and then remove this notice. ) 
5. ↑ Miroslav Lipár: Pod kontrolou dozoru - Under control of supervision. In: Dobroslav Dobák et al .: 50 rokov jadrových elektrární na Slovensku. Jadrová a vyraďovacia spoločnosť and Enel Slovenské elektrárne, 2007. pp. 118–133 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link accordingly Instructions and then remove this notice. ) 
6. ^ Act on the Conditions of Accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties establishing the European Union - Protocol No. 9 on reactors 1 and 2 of the Bohunice v1 nuclear power plant in Slovakia
7. ↑ ^{a b} Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Slovak Republic: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
8. ^ DPA announcement of December 29, 2006 published by Kurier Online
9. ↑ EU Accession Treaty Act of September 18, 2003 ( Federal Law Gazette II p. 1408 )
10. ↑ Jaslovske Bohunice: Nuclear reactor switched off on n-tv accessed on December 31, 2008
11. ↑ Spiegel online: Slovakia switches on the nuclear power plant again
12. ↑ Energy: Bohunice nuclear power plant will not go into operation on January 19, 2009, accessed on January 23, 2009.
13. ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety ( Memento of the original from March 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Environmental protection in the accession treaty