Upper Weser Valley
Upper Weser Valley | ||
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The upper Weser valley near Polle , seen from the Polle castle ruins |
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location | Germany | |
Waters | Weser | |
Mountains | Lower Saxony highlands | |
Geographical location | 51 ° 51 ′ N , 9 ° 28 ′ E | |
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rock | Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, Keuper, Jura with Quaternary layer | |
length | 198 km |
As the upper Weser valley , the Weser valleys on their first 198 kilometers through the Weser Uplands from their origin in Hann. Münden until it emerges from the low mountain range threshold at the Weser breakthrough Porta Westfalica , immediately above Minden . It lies in the German federal states of Lower Saxony , Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia .
geography
course
The upper Weser valley begins at Hann. Münden , where the Werra and Fulda flow together to form the Weser and runs with the Oberweser in a northerly direction through the Weserbergland to Bodenwerder , then further in a north-westerly direction, south of the Süntel and the Weser Mountains , and finally ends at the Porta Westfalica , where the Weser between the Wiehen Mountains and Weser Mountains through into the North German Plain. In the south, the upper Weser valley brushes against the Solling-Vogler Nature Park and in the north it crosses the Weserbergland Schaumburg-Hameln Nature Park .
The north to the upper Wesertal closes average Wesertal with the Mittelweser region to.
Valley sections according to natural criteria
The manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany assigned the upper Wesertal to four different natural main units of the greater region of the 3rd order of the Lower Saxon mountainous region , three of which consist only of the respective valley of the Werra, e.g. Partly including terraced slopes at the edge, and the Werra valley is just one of various sub-units. In the refining single sheets 1: 200,000 (chronologically and thus ordered up the Weser) 85 Minden (1959), 86 Hannover (1962), 99 Göttingen (1963) and 112 Kassel (1969), individual valley sections were then defined as natural areas.
The Wesertal is structured as follows:
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(to 370 Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald )
- 370.3 Weser breakthrough valley (Weser km 0–47)
- → from Hann. Münden to just below the mouth of the Diemel in Karlshafen
- 370.3 Weser breakthrough valley (Weser km 0–47)
- 367 Holzmindener Wesertal (Weser km 47–87.3)
- 367.0 Weser floodplain and Weser terraces (Weser km 47–87.3)
- → from Würgassen via Beverungen , the confluence of the Nethe , Höxter and Holzminden to the west swing northwest of Bevern
- 367.0 Weser floodplain and Weser terraces (Weser km 47–87.3)
- 368 Weserengtal from Bodenwerder (Weser km 87.3–127.2 or 87.3–121.5)
- 368.1 Bodenwerder Valley (Weser km 87.3–116.6)
- → from above Heinsens via Bodenwerder (mouth of the Lenne ) to Hehlen
- 368.0 Kirchohsener Talung (Weser km 116.6–127.2)
- → from Hehlen to Kirchohsen
- 368.1 Bodenwerder Valley (Weser km 87.3–116.6)
- 366 Rinteln-Hamelin Weserland
- 366.0 Rinteln-Hamelner Wesertal (Weser km 127.2–198 or 121.5–198)
- 366.03 Hamelin valley widening (Weser km 127.2-139.6 or 121.5-139.6)
- → from the mouth of the Emmer in Kirchohsen via Hameln (mouth of Hamel and Humme ) to the district of Wehrbergen
- 366.02 Rinteln valley widening (Weser-km 139.6-177.7)
- → from Wehrbergen via Hessisch Oldendorf and Rinteln to Erder
- 366.01 Vlothoer Weser breakthrough (Weser km 177.7-187.7)
- 366.00 Rehmer valley widening (Weser km 187.7–198)
- → from crossing the A 2 below Holtrups via the mouth of the Werre in Rehme ( Bad Oeynhausen ) to the Weser breakthrough Porta Westfalica below Hausberg ( city of Porta Westfalica )
- 366.03 Hamelin valley widening (Weser km 127.2-139.6 or 121.5-139.6)
- 366.1 Southern Weser Mountains Foreland - right edge terraces, from 366.02
- 366.11 Steinbergen loess slope
- 366.10 Hausberger hills and mountains
- 366.0 Rinteln-Hamelner Wesertal (Weser km 127.2–198 or 121.5–198)
Geological basis of the natural spatial structure
That in Hann. The breakthrough valley (370.3) that begins at the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers through the middle red sandstone of the main unit Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald (370) separates the Reinhardswald , located on the left of the Weser, from Bramwald (370.5) and Solling (370.0) on the right of the river.
The adjoining, Quaternary Holzmindener Wesertal (367) around Höxter and Holzminden separates the shell limestone of the Oberwälder Land (361) to the left of the Solling and the red sandstone framing (upper) of the Burgberg, which is also primarily made of shell limestone (southern half of 371.01).
On subsequent Bodenwerder Valley (368.1) occur on the west loop at Polle for short left side for the first time the law - and Keuper landscapes of Lipper Bergland (364) to the valley until the river in the northwest loop at Dölme the shell between the Ottenstein Plateau (365.2, left), eastern part of the Pyrmonter Bergland (365), and the south-western roof (north of 371.01) of the Vogler breaks through. At the Vogler itself (371.00) the Weser at Bodenwerder again separates (its) middle red sandstone from the shell limestone to the left of the river.
Apart from the loop at Dölme and the course on the edge of the Vogler near Bodenwerder, this section of the valley is mainly the breakthrough of the shell limestone step; however, unlike the red sandstone breakthrough valley, there are quaternary rocks over a significantly greater width and not less thick.
At the Kirchohsener Talung (368.0) on the left at Hajen, the shell limestone of the Ottenstein plateau is replaced by the Keuper of the Lipper Bergland, while on the right, beyond the mouth of the Lenne, the Buntsandstein gradually merges into the shell limestone of the Esperder Bergland (377.0), which only merges on the The north-eastern slope facing away from the Weser merges into Keuper; the more flatly undulating mountain country is separated from the Jura ridge of the Ith (377.10) behind it by a quaternary depression .
Strictly speaking, the character of the valley changes already at Grohnde , as the thickness of the Quaternary rocks increases significantly and the left-hand slopes are heavily loess-covered, as corresponds to the subsequent widening of the Hamelin valley; the name "Kirchohsener" would be obsolete.
In the Hamelin valley widening (366.03) beginning on sheet 86 Hannover in Kirchohsen , at the mouth of the Emmer , the Esperder Bergland also merges into the Keuper rocks on the right; after the confluence of the Hamel in Hameln , the Fischbeck mountains (378.14), also Keuper, follow . They are upstream of the Jura of the southeast Süntel (378.13). The Humme flows into Hamelin on the left , but the Keuper landscapes of the Lipper Bergland remain similar there.
In the Rintelner valley widening (366.02) of the flux flows parallel to the right side of the comb Jura Weser mountains (378.10) to the northwest, which incline to the Weser, the stone Bergen Lößhang (366.11) lössbedeckt is. Also on the left, in the Halvestorfer Hügelland (364.25) near Hemeringen south of Hessisch Oldendorf and on the Krankenhagener Kuppen (364.20) near Krankenhagen south of Rinteln , loess deposits and other Quaternary rocks can be found on the edge heights.
Just below Rintelns, the Steinbergener Lößhang merges on the right side into the largely Quaternary covered, altogether much more compact Hausberger hill and mountain country (366.10). In the Vlothoer Weser breakthrough (366.01) near Vlotho , the Weser breaks through the Keuper in a pronounced south bend between its south-west flank and the Lipper mountainous area on the left.
The Rhem valley widening (366.00) begins with the left-hand inflow of the Werre in Rehme ( Bad Oeynhausen ). On the left, the Ravensberg hill country with Jurassic rocks, which are largely loess-covered, approaches, on the right the Hausberger hill and mountain country continues to flow around until the Weser finally breaks through the Jura threshold from Wiehen (532/536, left) and Weser mountains and leaves the low mountain range threshold.
Main units in tabular form
The following natural spatial units, arranged upstream from north to south, are directly opposite each other on the sections of the Weser Valley (lower case and the three-digit code in brackets):
Left neighbor main unit | Valley main unit | Right neighbor main unit |
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Eastern Wiehengebirge (532) Ravensberger Hügelland (531) Lipper Bergland (364) |
Rinteln-Hamelin Weserland (366) |
Calenberger Bergland (378) Rinteln-Hamelin Weserland (366) |
Lipper Bergland (364) Pyrmonter Bergland (365) Oberwälder Land (361) |
Weserengtal from Bodenwerder (368) |
Alfelder Bergland (377) Solling foreland (371) |
Oberwälder Land (361) |
Holzmindener Wesertal (367) |
Solling foreland (371) Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald (370) |
West Hessian Basin (343) Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald (370) |
Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald (370) |
Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald (370) |
Natural areas in tabular form
The following table lists all the natural areas immediately adjacent to the Weser Valley, along with their numbers (in small letters and in brackets) upstream, from north to south - for the translation of the three-digit number in front of the point into the relevant main unit, see the previous subsection:
Left neighbor natural space | Valley section | Right neighbor natural space |
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Bergkirchener Eggen (532.3) Quernheimer Hügelland (531.01) Werre lowland (531.11) |
Rehmer valley widening (366.00) |
Weser Mountains (378.10) Hausberger hills and mountains (after Hausberge ; 366.10) |
Vlothoer Bergland (364.12) Hohenhausener Bergland (364.15) Heidelbecker Heights (364.21) |
Vlothoer Weser breakthrough (366.01) |
Hausberger hills and mountains (366.10) |
Krankenhagener Kuppen (364.20) Rumbecker Heights (364.24) Halvestorfer Hügelland (364.25) |
Rinteln valley widening (366.02) |
Hausberger hills and mountains (366.10) Steinbergen loess slope (after Steinbergen ; 366.11) |
Hamelin Mountains (364.27) Ärzener Talmulde (364.26) Grohnder Berge (364.28) |
Hamelin valley widening (366.03) |
Fischbecker Berge (378.14) Hachmühlen Basin (378.22) Esperder Bergland (377.00) |
Grohnder Mountains (364.28) | Kirchohsener Talung (368.0) | Esperder Bergland (377.00) |
Ottensteiner Platten (365.2) Schwalenberger Heights (364.37) Fürstenau Mountains (361.01) |
Bodenwerder Valley (368.1) |
Esperder Bergland (377.00) Eschershausen Triaskämme (377.02) Vogler (371.00 / 371.01-N) |
Fürstenauer Berge (361.01) Nieheim-Brakeler Bergland (361.00) Bever-Diemel-Kalkbergland (361.02) |
Holzmindener Wesertal (after Holzminden ; 367 [.0]) |
Burgberg (371.01-S) Solling (370.0) |
Hofgeismarer Rötsenke (343.4) Reinhardswald (370.4) |
Weser breakthrough valley (from Hann. Münden ; 370.3) |
Solling (370.0) Kuppiger Solling (370.1) Bramwald (370.5) |
Mountains
The upper Wesertal is accompanied in particular by these better-known low mountain ranges in a south-north direction (read from bottom to top, height above sea level):
Left side: | Right side: |
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The Weser is created by the confluence of the Fulda and Werra in Hann. Münden in the south at a height of 116.5 m and leaves the Porta Westfalica at about 40 m . It flows through Holzminden at around 82 m , which means that the river is overlooked by around 446 m from the Großer Blöse in Solling, 11 km away, and around 414 m from the Köterberg in the Lipper Bergland , 9 km away . Hameln is left at around 60 m , which means that the Hohen Egge in the Süntel, 7 km away, overlooks the Weser by around 380 m.
Cities
Cities in the upper Weser valley are Hann. Münden , Bad Karlshafen , Beverungen , Höxter , Holzminden , Bodenwerder , Hameln , Hessisch-Oldendorf , Rinteln , Vlotho , Bad Oeynhausen and Porta Westfalica .
Culture and infrastructure
Several tourist routes accompany the Weser Valley: the German Fairy Tale Route , the Weser Valley Route , the German Half-timbered Route and the Route of the Weser Renaissance . The valley is crossed by several railway lines , including in Hann. Münden , Wehrden , Höxter and Emmerthal . From Hameln on the Hanover – Altenbeken railway line , the Weserbahn runs near the river to Löhne , where there is a connection to the Bielefeld – Minden railway line . Before that, the Weser breakthrough at Porta Westfalica will be passed southwest .
A long section of the approximately 500 km long Weser Cycle Path runs mostly parallel through the upper Weser valley.
The Weser Skywalk is also interesting from a touristic point of view.
Web links
Landscape profiles of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), on bfn.de:
- Weser breakthrough valley Mündener Fulda-Werra valley
- Holzmindener Wesertalung
- Rinteln-Hameln Wesertalung
Individual evidence
- ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Jürgen Hövermann: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 99 Göttingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
- ^ A b Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. → Online map (PDF; 6.9 MB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ↑ The 121.5 km refer to the point immediately before Grohnde , where the loess slopes on the left-hand side begin.
- ^ A b c d Sofie Meisel: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 86 Hanover. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Sofie Meisel: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 85 Minden. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 4.5 MB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h GeoViewer of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources ( notes )
- ↑ Of this natural area, only the Lenne valley borders on the Weser valley.
- ↑ The Hofgeismarer Rötsenke is shown on the Göttingen sheet as 343.0 Trendelburger Rötsenke .
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )