Railway line Halle – Hann. Münden

Halle (Saale) Hbf - Hann. Münden
Route Halle – Hann. Münden and the southern part of the Hann. Southern runway
Route number (DB) :	6343
Course book section (DB) :	590 (Halle – Nordhausen) 600 (Nordhausen – Eichenberg) 611 (Eichenberg – Hann. Münden)
Route length:	193.5 km
Gauge :	1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Route class :	D4
Power system :	15 kV 16.7 Hz  ~
Top speed:	120 km / h
Dual track :	Halle – Eichenberg Ostkopf Eichenberg – Hann. Münden
Legend from Berlin from Cottbus from Magdeburg from Halberstadt from Halle-Trotha (S-Bahn) 0.080 Halle (Saale) central station 106  m Hafenbahn Halle (connection to HHE ) to Leipzig Messe Süd from Halle (Saale) Gbf 3,691 Abzw Halle Kasseler Bahn according to Bebra 4.030 Halle rose garden 4,733 Halle-Wörmlitz junction Halle-Silberhöhe from Halle-Ammendorf 5.564 Halle-Wörmlitz West junction Halle Südstadt 7.680 Halle Südstadt Bft Sa 8.8 Saale 85  m 9.1 Abzw Angersdorf Awo to Halle-Nietleben (S-Bahn) Halle-Nietleben-Merseburg 9,873 Angersdorf formerly Schlettau b Halle (Saale) to Bad Lauchstädt 12.780 Zscherben 110  m Federal Motorway 143 15.883 Teutschenthal Ost formerly Eisdorf 113  m from Salzmünde 18.275 Teutschenthal 105  m 21,046 Wansleben am See 101  m 23.015 Amsdorf 94  m from Vitzenburg Weida 26.743 Röblingen am See formerly Oberröblingen am See 97  m Erdeborn sugar factory 29,120 Erdeborn 110  m 34.500 Helfta 150  m to the Hermann-Schacht heap 37.747 Lutherstadt Eisleben 171  m to the Krug / Karl Liebknecht hut 41.517 Wolferode 202  m from Berlin 46.690 Blankenheim (Kr Sgh) Bez. Trennungsbf 260  m Blankenheim tunnel (875 m) 262  m 48.368 Blankenheim (Kr Sgh) Bez. Kreis 259  m 52.650 Riestedt 218  m Gonna 59.211 Sangerhausen 158  m to Erfurt Hbf 65.880 Wallhausen (helmets) 147  m Federal motorway 38 71,576 Names 152  m 75.580 Rossla 153  m 79,350 Berga-Kelbra ( wedge station ) to Stolberg (Harz) Thyra after Artern (Re-routing) State border Saxony-Anhalt / Thuringia 84.400 Aumühle 84,583 Goersbach 160  m Concern 89.444 Pegs (helmets) 166  m Federal motorway 38 97.070 Nordhausen 183  m to Northeim Helmetalbahn (never in operation) Helmets Federal motorway 38 Helmetalbahn (never in operation) 101.838 Werther formerly Großwerther 202  m 105.295 Wolkramshausen 228  m to Erfurt 108.631 Nohra (Wipper) 217  m Federal motorway 38 111.523 Wipperdorf formerly Pustleben 220  m 115.450 Bleicherode East 226  m formerly to Herzberg Bode Federal motorway 38 118.864 Gebra (Hainleite) (formerly Bf) formerly Niedergebra 123.940 Sollstedt 261  m 127.550 Bernterode 266  m Connecting railway to the Bernterode potash plant 130.369 Abzw Bernterode West Connecting railway to the Deuna cement plant Rocker 132.859 Gernrode - Niederorschel formerly Niederorschel 135.550 Hausen 314  m from Gotha 139.365 Leinefelde 340  m after Wulften 143.258 Beuren 323  m 146.390 Wingerode 305  m 148.663 Soil clearing 295  m from Schwebda Leash (3 x) 155.140 Heilbad Heiligenstadt 248  m 159.744 Uder rope 166.990 Arenshausen 210  m after Friedland (Han) until 1884 Bundesstrasse 80 State border Thuringia / Lower Saxony 169.1 Eichenberg Ostkopf ( Abzw ) Connecting curve to Eichenberg Nordkopf 169.2 Lower Saxony / Hesse state border from Göttingen 170.590 Eichenberg 231  m according to Bebra to Velmeden 172.5 Eichenberg Eschenwiese ( Üst ) Bundesstrasse 80 Bundesstrasse 27 , Bundesstrasse 80 175.739 Witzenhausen North 184  m 181,384 Gertenbach 147  m State border Hessen / Lower Saxony 185.045 Hedemünden 142  m 188.0 Werra Laubach 189.0 Federal motorway 7 ( Werra valley bridge ) 189.1 Werra Valley Bridge , SFS Göttingen – Kassel formerly from Göttingen 193,538 Hann. Münden 140  m to Kassel

The Halle – Hann. Münden is a double-track , electrified main line in Saxony-Anhalt , Thuringia , Hesse and Lower Saxony . It runs from Halle (Saale) via Sangerhausen , Nordhausen , Leinefelde and Eichenberg to Hann. Münden .

From there the southern part of the Hanover Southern Railway continues to Kassel . This is why the route is also known as the Halle-Kasseler Bahn .

course

Main station Halle, the trains to and from Sangerhausen – Kassel leave on the west side (right)

The railway line climbs up from Halle via Lutherstadt Eisleben into the Mansfeld region . In Blankenheim the only tunnel of track suits. From there the traffic route sinks again until it reaches the Goldene Aue near Sangerhausen , a plain between Harz and Kyffhäuser . At its western end, the railway line reaches Nordhausen in Thuringia . From here it rises again, touches Bleicherode and crosses the Eichsfeld via Leinefelde and Heilbad Heiligenstadt . At Eichenberg she changes from the valley of the Leine to that of the Werra and follows her to Hann. Münden in Lower Saxony .

Until electrification, freight trains were pushed on the climbs on both sides of the Blankenheim tunnel ( Blankenheimer ramp or Riestedter ramp ). In addition, locomotives were stationed in the Röblingen am See depot for 120 years.

history

Planning and opening

When the Thuringian Railway was being planned in 1838, a variant via Nordhausen was discussed that could not prevail against the route via Erfurt . Despite considerable pressure from the region, the state of Prussia and the Magdeburg-Köthen-Halle-Leipziger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft only signed a contract in 1862 that provided for a route from Halle to Heiligenstadt .

Although Kassel was the destination, the further course was still controversial, especially since the favorable route through Werra - and Fuldatal led via the Kingdom of Hanover . Prussia was interested in a direct connection to Kassel that was independent of the Thuringian Railway Company .

The concession was formally granted in January 1863, and construction work began shortly afterwards. On September 1, 1865, traffic was started from Halle via Eisleben to Sangerhausen, on July 10, 1866 to Nordhausen and on July 9, 1867 via Leinefelde and Heiligenstadt to Arenshausen . After the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover as a result of the war of 1866 , Prussia tried to dictate a route for the railway company via Großalmerode , Helsa and Kaufungen in order to develop the Kaufung forest with its glassworks and mines . That would have required a complex and steep route.

At Arenshausen, a dirt road crosses both railway lines. At the front it went to Friedland from 1867 to 1884, and from 1872 (with an interruption after the Second World War ) to Eichenberg.

The railway company was reluctant and initially only built the connection via Friedland (Han) to Göttingen (opened August 1, 1867), from where there was already a connection to Kassel - a little longer than the planned one - via the Hannöversche Südbahn. The rest of the work was delayed.

In 1869, the railway company had prevailed, Arenshausen was via Eichenberg, Witzenhausen -Nord (above the city and on the other side of the Werra) and Hedemünden with Hann. Münden connected. From there to Kassel the existing Hannöversche Südbahn was expanded to two tracks. On March 13, 1872, the work was finished.

Development until 1945

Station letter from Halle to Nordhausen to the editors of the Nordhäuser Zeitung . Rail postmark from the route: Halle – Kassel

Traffic developed quickly. After just a few years, several connecting lines were put into operation, for example in 1869 the southern Harz line from Nordhausen to Northeim and Wolkramshausen to Erfurt ( Nordhausen-Erfurt Railway ) and in 1870 the Gotha to Leinefelde line . From 1876, the Göttingen – Bebra railway , part of what would later become the north-south route , was crossed from Friedland to Eschwege - Bebra in Eichenberg.

On June 1, 1876, the line was nationalized, also to include it in the cannon railway project . This strategic line used the Halle – Hann railway line. Münden between Blankenheim near Sangerhausen and Leinefelde . For this purpose, the Berlin-Blankenheimer railway from (Berlin / Magdeburg – Güsten–) Hettstedt was connected east of the Blankenheimer tunnel. Also in 1879 this was supplemented with a connection between Sangerhausen and Erfurt. From Leinefelde, the route towards Gotha was used for the cannon railway . The expansion of the Halle – Hann. Münden was not only militarily motivated, but also a means of pressure for the nationalization of the Thuringian Railway (1882/86).

The connection between Arenshausen and Friedland was abandoned as early as 1884. This route is still recognizable today as a bushy dam.

Together with the southern Harz line , the Solling Railway and the Ottbergen – Altenbeken railway , the Nordhausen – Halle line rose to become one of the most important east-west freight lines; slightly less traffic ran from Magdeburg and Halle via Nordhausen and Kassel to Frankfurt. For example, four pairs of express trains , five pairs of express trains and ten pairs of passenger trains ran on the Leinefelde – Eichenberg section on weekdays in the summer of 1939 .

The Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp was set up in 1943 to the north-west of Nordhausen near the southern Harz line, and included extensive underground weapons factories. In order to keep through traffic out of this area, a start was made to connect the southern Harz line near Osterhagen with the Halle – Hann railway line. Münden to build between Nordhausen and Werther. The construction of this “ Helmetalbahn ” cost the lives of several hundred forced laborers. It was no longer completed, its course was crossed by the inner-German border from 1945. Dams and remains of bridges can still be seen today.

In the last years of the Second World War , the route was congested with armaments and military transports, but also with prisoner trains. There were hardly any repairs. The main train station in Halle was badly damaged on March 31, 1945. German troops blew up the Werra bridge on their retreat in early April. On April 7th, an ammunition train was hit in Sangerhausen train station, which then exploded. Ten days later, the entire area of ​​the route was occupied by the Americans.

In May 1945 traffic was resumed in sections.

Separation in 1945

After Germany was divided into zones of occupation , the railway between Arenshausen and Eichenberg was interrupted. The last train across what would later become the Inner German border ran on July 24, 1945 when the US troops handed Thuringia over to the Soviet Army . During the following dismantling operations , which were monitored by the Soviet Army, a serious railway accident occurred on April 16, 1946 near Eisleben due to the intervention of Soviet soldiers in the railway operations . 24 people died and many more were injured.

→ Main article : Eisleben railway accident

In the following years, displaced persons , released prisoners of war and other " displaced persons " were taken by train to Arenshausen , from where they had to walk to Friedland to the border transit camp there. Efforts were made to reopen the route by 1952. Instead, the border became more and more impervious. From 1952 the Arenshausen station was in the " restricted zone ", the trains went to Arenshausen, but could only be used with special permission. The tracks across the border from Arenshausen to Eichenberg were dismantled.

Reconstruction and further expansion in the GDR

The second track was largely dismantled by 1947, but rebuilt from Halle to Sangerhausen by 1954. In 1965 the line at Berga-Kelbra was relocated so that the helmets could be dammed ( Kelbra dam ).

The station building at Sangerhausen station , which was destroyed in the war, was rebuilt in 1964 in the modern style.

The mining of potash and the newly established cement industry near Deuna led to the double-track expansion to Sollstedt by 1979 , and freight traffic continued to increase. In 1986 it was decided to electrify Halle to Leinefelde, which began in January 1989 and was completed in 1993.

Reconstruction and further expansion in the Federal Republic

The bridge over the Werra near Hedemünden and that of the Hanover Southern Railway over the Fulda near Ihringshausen were destroyed, but could be used again as a single track in August 1945; from 1949 the lines were again double-tracked throughout. In addition, the western part of the Halle – Hann connection has been in operation since September 25, 1964. Münden electrified. The Eichenberg train station was rebuilt and the “Hallesche exit” was impassable.

Until the opening of the high-speed line Hannover – Würzburg via Kassel , the western part of the Halle – Hann. Munden part of the feeder tracks Kassel Goettingen on the Bebra-Göttingen railway held intercity traffic.

Göttingen was a transfer station, while the Intercity took the direct route without stopping in Eichenberg and bypassed Kassel via Bebra .

In connection with the high-speed line, there were plans to reduce the parts between Eichenberg and Kassel to a single-track regional line.

During the construction of the high-speed line, the Hannöversche Südbahn was relocated in the Fuldatal-Ihringshausen and Vellmar area, with no more train station planned. The municipality of Fuldatal managed to reopen its station after years of legal dispute with the Federal Railway.

The Hannöversche Südbahn was built between Göttingen and Hann. Münden via Dransfeld was shut down in two steps between 1980 and 1995 and finally dismantled. Just like its southern end Hann. Münden – Kassel on the Halle – Hann. Münden is counted as a supplement to the Halle-Kasseler Bahn, the Hannöversche Südbahn has been using it with Eichenberg-Hann. Münden part of the Halle – Hann railway line. Münden.

German unity transport project

Reconstruction of the Arenshausen – Eichenberg section in April 1990

At the end of November 1989, the closing of the 3.9 km long gap between Arenshausen and Eichenberg was discussed and the planning order was given on November 30th. A border crossing point was planned in January 1990. A few weeks later, only containers were planned for this. Construction work began in January 1990. This also included the expansion of both stations with platforms for extra-long trains (476 meters in Eichenberg).

During the reconstruction of the mainline track, the curiosity arose that both railway companies built the right track first and missed each other at the border. The second track followed a few weeks later on the east side. On May 3rd it was completely relocated, on May 26th the first train drove from Arenshausen to Eichenberg. Regular operations began on May 27, 1990, with passport and customs controls until June 30.

Eichenberg station with regional express to Halle (2007). Only the three right-hand tracks lead east.

The Arenshausen train station is only a stop in 2007, the platform in the direction of Heiligenstadt is further east. A much longer platform, which can still be seen as a strip of green, was laid out for border controls.

In Eichenberg, the platform for the Halle line was rebuilt east of the existing facility. The reopened connection was integrated into the south-western exit on a single track and at the same level. This significantly limited the performance of the line. From Hann. Münden will drive under the north-south route without crossing, from Leinefelde to Hann. Münden is either driven to the left or the entire track field is crossed.

In 1991 the German Unity Transport Project was decided. This included the expansion from Eichenberg to Halle as the German Unity Transport Project No. 6 .

The 170-kilometer project (86 km of which in the state of Thuringia) should be completed in 1994. The line was expanded and electrified until 1994 for € 268 million (except for Eichenberg), between Halle and Abzw. Bernterode West, only the electrification that began in January 1989 was continued and completed as part of the project.

At the same time, the Südharzautobahn was rebuilt for € 1.4 billion , which crosses the route between Bleicherode and Wallhausen five times.

In 1998, a connecting curve was opened at the northeast end of Eichenberg station, the Eichenberger curve , which enables direct journeys between Halle or Erfurt and Göttingen.

With the timetable change on May 23, 1993, electric train operation was started on the route, which can now be driven at 120 instead of the previous 50 to 80 km / h. An interregional line from Halle via Kassel to Frankfurt was introduced across the route. 34 long-distance, 30 local and 102 freight trains were expected daily. The interregios over the entire route could only last two years, likewise the interregios from Hamburg to Constance, which initially ran via Münden, later took the route via the high-speed route.

In 2003, an interconnex connection was offered from Rostock via Berlin, Halle, Kassel and Cologne to Neuss, but this only lasted a few months.

As part of a ceremony on December 9, 2007, the Gernrode station, which had been called Niederorschel for decades due to confusion with Gernrode in the Harz, was renamed Gernrode-Niederorschel station.

Further planning

Gleisdreieck bei Eichenberg, From Halle – Arenshausen it goes right to Friedland and Göttingen and left to Eichenberg and Kassel. In the background a Cantus railcar from Göttingen to Fulda.

No further expansions are expected in the next few years, but the line will gradually be equipped with electronic signal boxes. The train control (PZB 90) was retrofitted. In addition, considerable renovations are necessary east of Leinefelde, especially between Sangerhausen and Angersdorf; Currently there is still a speed limit in the Halle-Rosengarten area of ​​50 km / h. In the “ public transport plan ” of the state of Saxony-Anhalt , an expansion of this section to 140 km / h is required, which the state also hopes will strengthen freight traffic.

Kassel curve

The "further requirement" of the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2003 envisaged a connection line from Speele to Mönchehof on the Kassel – Warburg railway line in the southern part of the Hanoverian Southern Railway to transport freight trains from the Halle – Hann. Münden to enable a connection in the direction of the Ruhr area , which previously required a change of direction in Kassel.

In the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 , the project was included as the “Kassel curve” in the “urgent need” and classified as eliminating bottlenecks, which further increases the prioritization. The first preliminary planning began in 2018 and a round table was set up with the affected municipalities and associations. However, parts of the regional politics as well as specially founded citizens' initiatives in the affected communities Fuldatal , Vellmar and Immenhausen are against the project because of feared noise pollution and landscape interference and demand an expansion of the Northeim – Nordhausen route and the Solling and Eggebahn over Ottbergen as an alternative to the construction of the Curve to be tested equally. However, when making an initial assessment, DB AG came to the conclusion that the costs for this expansion would be a multiple of the costs for the Kassel curve.

DB AG has set up a website for this project.

Today's operation

passenger traffic

Regional Express to Halle leaves Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe. The high-speed route (left) is used to Ihringshausen until Hann. The Hannöversche Südbahn runs out.

The entire route was in the Roadmap in 2008 by a regional express Kassel-Halle in the two-hour clock sail; all other trains only use part of the route. There are the regional express lines Göttingen-Leinefelde-Gotha-Erfurt-Gera-Zwickau / Glauchau, Nordhausen-Erfurt and Magdeburg-Erfurt, which also run every 2 hours. There is also the Kassel – Leinefelde – Erfurt line, which has been served by DB Regio since December 15, 2013 (previously Erfurter Bahn ). All lines are tariff for local transport. Since the timetable change in 2009 until December 14, 2014, the Intercity Kyffhäuser ran on Friday for weekend commuters from Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof via Halle (Saale) Hauptbahnhof to Leipzig Hauptbahnhof and back on Sunday.

This offer is supplemented by regional railways . In addition, the S 7 line of the Central Germany S-Bahn runs part of the route in Halle , and the Saale bridge is shared. The Halle – Nordhausen connection will be supplemented by an hourly regional train line, which until 2015 was called the “Copper Express” in memory of the region's mining tradition and was made up of class 143 locomotives with double-decker cars . The regional train Nordhausen – Leinefelde runs about every hour, these trains are tied through every two hours to Heiligenstadt. From Heiligenstadt to Eichenberg, outside of business and school traffic, only the Regional Express trains run, of which the Erfurt – Kassel line stops at all stations. Eichenberg – Kassel will be strengthened by railcars from Cantus Verkehrsgesellschaft on the line from Göttingen. These go to Kassel central station , all others to Wilhelmshöhe .

In December 2006 certain connections of the Erfurt Railway between Kassel and Eichenberg were deleted from the offer. Some returned to the timetable in April 2007 after violent protests.

Since December 13, 2015, the route has been served by Abellio Rail Mitteldeutschland , which won a Europe-wide tender from the state of Thuringia . Participants drive talent two railcars of series 442, respectively.

Freight transport

Freight traffic dominates the entire route. The division of labor that existed before 1945 on the east-west main routes between the Harz and the Thuringian Forest has thus been restored ; Freight traffic runs via Sangerhausen – Nordhausen (Halle – Hann. Münden railway ), and fast passenger traffic via Erfurt – Bebra ( Halle – Bebra railway ). The introduction of the route in Eichenberg, which is not free of intersections, and the change of direction in Kassel, which is necessary to continue towards the Ruhr area, stand in the way of further growth ; the latter should be omitted with the Kassel curve .

Diversion route

Diverted ICE to Dresden runs through Leinefelde

Every now and then, in the event of operational disruptions on the Halle – Bebra railway line, the Intercity Express and Intercity trains are diverted over the entire railway line or sections. Most recently, this occurred in connection with construction work in Erfurt main train station .

The Sangerhausen – Erfurt railway line has been electrified, which means that the Halle – Bebra railway line is partially used by the Halle – Hann. Münden, a fast diversion route between Halle and Erfurt was created.

Rates

The section from Halle to Teutschenthal belongs to the Central German Transport Association MDV , the section from Eichenberg to Kassel to the North Hessian Transport Association NVV .

The tariff of the Verkehrsverbund Südniedersachsen transport association is also used between the towns in Lower Saxony , including on the Hedemünden – Göttingen connection via Eichenberg in Hesse. The Lower Saxony and Hesse tickets from Witzenhausen via Hann in Lower Saxony are also valid here . Münden to Kassel.

Deutsche Bahn tickets are also valid on Cantus and Erfurter Bahn trains.

Picture gallery

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  Halle (Saale) Central Station

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  Eisleben station

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  Blankenheim separation station

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  Blankenheim railway station (Kr.Sangerhausen)

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  Sangerhausen station

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  Roßla train station

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  Berga - Kelbra train station

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  Nordhausen station

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  Bleicherode Ost train station

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  Sollstedt train station

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  Leinefelde train station

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  Heilbad Heiligenstadt railway station

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  Eichenberg station

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  Witzenhausen Nord train station

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  Hedemünden railway station

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  Hann Münden station

literature

• Paul Lauerwald: The Halle-Kassel Railway . transpress Verlagsgesellschaft Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-344-70788-4 .
• Josef Högemann: Railways in the Harz - Volume 1: The state railway lines . Kenning Verlag, Nordhorn 1995, ISBN 3-927587-43-5 .
• Paul Lauerwald: Halle-Kassel Railway . Herdam Verlag Quedlinburg-Gernrode 2015, ISBN 978-3-933178-35-0

To individual areas:

• Wolfgang Koch , Werner Keller, Paul Lauerwald: Eichenberg station - splendor, fall and rise of a railway junction . Vogt Verlag, Hessisch Lichtenau 1990, ISBN 3-9800576-6-6 .
• Rudolf Wegner: Traffic and traffic routes in the Hann. Münden - the development over the last 200 years . Local history and history association Sydekum zu Münden e. V., Hannoversch Münden 1992, ISBN 3-925451-21-8 .
• Paul Lauerwald: 20 years ago: The first gap in the German-German rail network after 45 years of division . In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift 54, 2010, pp. 161–165. ISSN  1611-1648 .
• Rolf Enke: Around the Eisleben train station . Self-published by Lutherstadt Eisleben, 2009.
• Paul Lauerwald: History and development of the Nordhausen-Arenshausen railway line. Special edition of the Eichsfelder Heimathefte 1989, Verlag Worbis 1989

Web links

Commons : Halle – Hann. Münden  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Website with photos of the route
• Files and plans in the holdings of the Reichsbahndirektion Halle in the State Archives Saxony-Anhalt, Dessau department

Individual evidence

1. ^ DB Netz infrastructure register
2. ↑ Railway Atlas Germany . 9th edition. Schweers + Wall, Aachen 2014, ISBN 978-3-89494-145-1 .
3. ↑ Tracks in service facilities (HEBG) , DB Netz AG (PDF)
4. ↑ No. 14. Provincial Correspondence . Fourteenth year. April 5, 1876, text content , scan
5. ↑ ^{a b} Ralf Roman Rosberg: limit on German rails 1945-1990 . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 1990, ISBN 3-88255-829-6 , p. 129.
6. ^ Josef Högemann: Railway Altenbeken - Nordhausen . Kenning Verlag, Nordhorn 1991, ISBN 3-927587-06-0 , p. 21.
7. ↑ ^{a b c d} Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit (Ed.): Project No. 6 . Brochure, May 1994.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit mbH (Ed.): Information on the rail transport projects German unity in the state of Thuringia. Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit mbH as of June 1993 . June 1993.
9. ↑ Public transport plan ( Memento of the original from April 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the State of Saxony-Anhalt 2010–2015 (PDF)  
10. ↑ Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2003 ( Memento of August 26, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), p. 57
11. ↑ BVWP 2030. March 28, 2016, accessed on June 27, 2020 . 
12. ↑ Trouble about the Kassel curve: four mayors are against the planned construction of the railway line. February 9, 2019, accessed July 11, 2019 . 
13. ↑ Round table curve Kassel, presentation for the 3rd meeting on March 30th, 2020. March 30, 2020, accessed June 27, 2020 . 
14. ↑ Kassel curve

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on June 30, 2007 .