Sollstedt
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Coordinates: 51 ° 25 ' N , 10 ° 32' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Nordhausen | |
| Height : | 260 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 26.23 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2889 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 110 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 99759 | |
| Area code : | 036338 | |
| License plate : | NDH | |
| Community key : | 16 0 62 049 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Am Markt 2 99759 Sollstedt |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Claus Adam (independent) | |
| Location of the community of Sollstedt in the Nordhausen district | ||
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Sollstedt is a municipality in the Nordhausen district in the Free State of Thuringia .
geography
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location
Sollstedt is located at the so-called Eichsfeld Gate . The community is surrounded by the wooded ridge of Hainleite , the Ohm Mountains , the southeastern foothills of which are the Bleicheröder Mountains , and the low mountain range Dün near the Rehungen district . The district town of Nordhausen is located around 20 kilometers northeast of the municipality. The town of Bleicherode is located about 6 kilometers to the northeast .
mountains
Sollstedt is 460 m in the south of the Kattstein . ü. NN, in the north of the Egelskopf 447 m. ü. NN and at Rehungen from Schönberg 498.2 m. ü. NN towers above. A special feature is the waste dump of the former potash mine, which is considered a landmark. It towers over the landscape by about 80 m, with the summit at about 385 m above sea level. It is also called Kalimanjaro by the Sollstedt family .
Waters
The place is in the valley of the Wipper , a tributary of the Unstrut . In addition, the Friede , the Rehunger Bach, the Ascheröder Bach and the Trompetergraben flow through the community .
geology
The geology of Sollstedt is essentially shaped by rocks from the Mesozoic Era (without exception Triassic ). The middle and upper red sandstone and the lower shell limestone have the largest share of the district area . The latter appears through its imposing layers on both sides of the Wippertal. On slopes that are exposed to the east, loess is sometimes less thick and worked into the periglacial layers . In the Wipperaue, Holocene sediments such as alluvial clay predominate. The potash and rock salts of the Zechstein ( Permian , Paleozoic ), which lay beneath the lower red sandstone, were of economic importance for the community .
climate
Sollstedt is influenced by the cool, temperate climate. Due to the east-west orientation of the Wippertal, there are on average higher wind speeds throughout the year. By bleicherode hills and the Dün the rainfall through the resulting storage locations rather mm higher than in the area and will be around 630 a year. In Rehungen , which lies directly on the western slope of the Dün, the precipitation is even higher. The highest annual rainfall within the Sollstedt district is around 900 mm in the summit of the Dün. The annual average temperature is around 8.0 ° C in the valley and around 6.5 ° C in the high areas of the Dün.
Neighboring places
At Sollstedt limits Obergebra (Bleicherode) Bleicherode the the district Eichsfeld associated municipalities Ascherode , Buhla , Bernterode (Breitenworbis) , Vollenborn , district Gerterode the community Niederorschel , and in Kyffhäuserkreis located, the community Helbedündorf belonging places Keula , Holzthaleben and Friedrichsrode .
Community structure
Districts
The districts of Sollstedt are Wülfingerode and Rehungen .
Incorporations
On May 1, 1996 Wülfingerode, on January 1, 2009 Rehungen was incorporated into the community of Sollstedt.
Population development
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1 Incorporation of Wülfingerode 1996
2 Incorporation of Rehungen 2009
Coats of arms of the districts
Wülfingerode
Rehungen
history
Economic and Territorial Development
The place was first mentioned in 1221 as Solstede by a Walkenried parchment, which certifies a grant . The place name should indicate a former water or wallowing place for animals. The Wüstungen Gellrode and Hölzerode also belong to the current district . Gellrode was a village belonging to the Beuren monastery and had its own church, which still testifies to the settlement when the place was abandoned in the 14th century under pressure from the monastery.
In Sollstedt, the Walkenried monastery was already wealthy with a monastery property and taxes in 1230. The Windhold family, which belonged to the landed aristocracy , was wealthy in Bleicherode and Sollstedt from 1395 . On the Sollstedt church there is an inscription from 1442, which is supposed to refer to modifications to the church, this church belonged to the Sedes Bleicherode in the Archdiocese of Mainz . A control room, which is still used as a hall name, also served to protect the place.
The property of the local nobleman Ernst Windoldt was completely plundered in 1525 after his expulsion by a swarming farmer riot of the Mühlhausen Federation and the subsequent Sollstedtern on the way to Bad Frankenhausen . His inventory, which was handed over to the sovereign, has been handed down and gives the damage amount of 2,626 guilders . Windoldt threatened to return and punished the peasants, whereupon some gave in and wanted to let him return. Some of the rebels from the Eichsfeld threatened to burn the place down. Out of fear, the Sollstedt farmers wrote a letter to Count von Hohnstein, who had temporarily joined the farmers' alliance, but received no answer, let alone help.
In addition to the impoverished Windoldt , a noble Wilcken family also lived in Sollstedt from 1550 . The Counts of Hohnstein had pledged the entire village to Ernst Windoldt in 1573 - in addition to the land ownership, 57 houses and 57 farms are listed in the contract. Since Count von Hohnstein could no longer redeem the pledge in 1581, Sollstedt became the private property of Ernst Windoldt in 1581. He sold the place to a colonel from Bodenhausen - at the same time owner of the neighboring village of Wülfingerode . In 1584 the dilapidated church was renovated. As a result of the Thirty Years War , in 1648 there were still 37 habitable houses and 21 desolate farms. The plague spread as a result of the war (whether the place was also affected by the great pandemic of the 14th century is not known, but it can be assumed). According to a legend, Wülfingerode was particularly badly affected. The Sollstedt residents brought food to a ditch that still separates the districts from one another today. A trumpeter then gave the signal that the Wülfingeröder could pick up the food without the Sollstedt people becoming infected. This is why this place still bears the name Trompetergraben . The reconstruction of the place was promoted by the Lords of Bodenhausen from 1683 to 1692. In 1840 there were 70 houses, 159 stables and barns, 3496 acres of land in Sollstedt.
Until around the 14th century, the economic basis of the villagers was agriculture. However, in the late Middle Ages, the weaving trade increasingly developed in the region. In 1442 a linen weavers' guild was founded in Bleicherode , which is why it can be assumed that this new line of business was also booming in Sollstedt at that time. For a long time, however, this was only operated as a sideline alongside agriculture. In the early modern times, other craftsmen such as blacksmiths, bakers, millers and potters were added. With the increase in the population at the end of the 18th century, more craftsmen moved to Sollstedt, u. a. Shoemakers, lime burners, carpenters, wheelwrighters, roofers, car makers and even musical instrument makers. The linen weaving reached early 19th century its peak. From then on, the focus of production shifted to England, where the introduction of industrial manufacturing processes made it possible to produce materials much cheaper and in larger quantities. This led to a serious crisis in the weaving trade in many regions, including Sollstedt, which resulted in a declining population by the beginning of the 20th century. In Sollstedt, canary breeding developed into an important branch of business. The economic rise of the community began with the purchase of land by the industrialist Hermann Schmidtmann for the purpose of building a potash mine. The factory became by far the most important branch of the economy and attracted many people from the area.
During the Second World War had in the concentration camp potash mine New Sollstedt the concentration camp Dora central approximately 450 prisoners in the arms production forced labor do. Until 1990 a memorial stone commemorated them and the communist member of the Prussian state parliament Albert Kuntz , who was imprisoned with them .
On April 10, 1945, US troops occupied the place against German resistance. The Wipper Bridge east of the village was blown up and five Wehrmacht soldiers were killed. At the beginning of July 1945, the place, like all of Thuringia, was handed over to the Red Army by the Americans . This also made Sollstedt part of the Soviet occupation zone and, from 1949, of the resulting GDR . The von Bismarck family's manor was expropriated without compensation and the family expelled. After the land reform of 1945 , Sollstedt took the path of forced collectivization in 1952 with the establishment of the LPG Rosa Thälmann .
The potash mine continued to be operated in the GDR under the name VEB Kaliwerk “Karl Marx” Sollstedt and belonged to the potash combine . In 1990 it was transferred to the Treuhandanstalt and was closed in 1991. The municipality's economy has not recovered from this development to this day.
Jews in Sollstedt
Several Jewish families probably settled in the village in the 16th century. In 1570, five Jews from Sollstedt with different surnames signed a letter to an envoy from Nordhausen at the imperial court in Prague. An investigation by the Halberstadt government in 1718 revealed that 72 Jews were living in Sollstedt at that time. At that time this corresponded to an unusually high proportion for villages of almost 25% of the total population. However, nothing has come down to us from the time after that. But it is likely that Jews still lived in the community in the 20th century. Nothing is known about their fate during the Holocaust .
Urban development
1st construction phase
Sollstedt existed since the Middle Ages as a street village , where large and small half-timbered farmsteads were lined up on both sides of a thoroughfare. There were only a few branching side streets. Essentially, the center was between the church and the mill in the immediate vicinity of the Wipper. The manor of the local nobility formed the center. However, the buildings completely disappeared by the late 1990s. Few new farms were added over the centuries. Sollstedt was spared major fires throughout the epoch up to modern times, but at least 40 percent of the settlement area was destroyed or made uninhabitable during the Thirty Years' War . The desolations near the place probably also date from this time. The first major construction phase began with the creation of Halle-Kasseler-Chaussee in 1826, which was led past the northern edge of the town. As a result, the previously rather local traffic between the villages became of supraregional importance, which is why a road house to collect the road money and two rest areas opposite each other were built. The importance of the place increased when the Halle – Hann. Münden with a station building was completed in 1868. During this time, simple houses for railroad workers were built directly on the Chaussee. With the increasing population towards the end of the 19th century, the living conditions became increasingly worse, as only a small part of the district was available as building land. With the further development of arable farming and the associated high demand for fertilizers, the entire southern Harz region was examined for potassium salt deposits. As early as 1904, a potash mine north of the village started operations. Living space therefore had to be created for the workers.
2nd construction phase
For this purpose, a row house-like miners' settlement (colony) was created in 1907 on the northeastern edge of the town. At the same time, a chlorine potassium factory (Werkstrasse, Kalistrasse) was built on the northwest side, which processed the salts obtained directly. For this purpose, a rail connection with a freight station was created where the products were loaded. In addition, with this economic development began the almost complete development of the Chaussee with houses, both in lavish historical architecture and in simple construction. Several villas for board members of the potash plant were built directly on the road to the potash shaft (Friedeweg).
3rd construction phase
While no further major housing construction measures were carried out until the end of the Second World War , the creation of living space by the flow of refugees from the east was now imperative. Thus, at the end of the 1940s, several low apartment blocks were created in the northeast (Käthe-Kollwitz-Platz) and a small farmer's settlement (Thomas-Müntzer-Siedlung) on the southern edge with the associated LPG , but after a few years these were no longer sufficient, as more and more Workers from the potash plant moved into the village. As part of the state-organized housing construction in the GDR, further larger apartment blocks were created in the center (Karl-Liebknecht-Straße, Glückaufstraße) and directly on the shaft (Friedeweg) north of the town. As a result, the town center shifted further and further north.
4th construction phase
Due to the further increase in population, the construction of a "socialist housing estate" in the north began in 1968 (Ernst-Thälmann-Strasse, later also Heidenroder Strasse). This consisted of prefabricated buildings of up to five floors. This construction phase lasted until 1989 and created 480 new apartments for the place. At the same time, a new municipal office (Am Markt), a festival meadow for special events and a swimming pool on the north-western edge of the town (Friedeweg) were built. The industrial area, which, apart from the residue dump, made up a third of the total area of the place, also connected seamlessly to the western edge of the place.
5th construction phase
After the political change , large parts of the potash plant, especially the power plant, warehouses and factory, were blown up and the tracks of the loading areas were dismantled. To this day, the area is largely fallow. At the same time, they wanted to finally give the place a center. A paved market place with surrounding commercial buildings was built on the area of the former festival meadow. In the south-west (Rosenweg), north-east (Bockenweg) and north (Waldsiedlung), settlements for single-family houses were later laid out or further developed.
As a result of all construction measures from the 1950s onwards, the original small farming village increasingly lost its character in favor of a planned site with a more urban face.
politics
Municipal council
Since the local elections on May 26, 2019 , the council of the community of Sollstedt has consisted of 14 councilors, who are distributed among the individual parties and groups of voters as shown in the diagram opposite.
coat of arms
Blazon : “Split by blue and gold; in front a golden, rooted linden tree, on whose trunk the shield of the Counts of Hohenstein (made of red and silver in 4 rows with 3 places each) is attached, behind a black, red-armored bear with a red collar. "
The linden tree is part of the community seal used to date. As an indication of the old territorial affiliation of the place, the Hohenstein shield was added. The bear indicates that the Sollstedt residents are called bear catchers in the neighborhood.
The coat of arms was designed by the Magdeburg State Archives Councilor Otto Korn and was awarded on December 3, 1937 by the Upper President of the Province of Saxony .
Economy and Infrastructure
Industry and craft
After the cessation of potash mining and production and thus the dismissal of 2500 workers in 1990 hardly any comparable industry emerged. Today the Sollstedt shaft is used for waste disposal mining.
Furthermore, the wood, metal, plastic and natural stone processing industry and electronics industry are located in the village.
traffic
Sollstedt is on the Halle – Hann railway line. Münden . A regional train stops every two hours in the direction of Nordhausen and one in the direction of Heilbad Heiligenstadt as well as the RE 8 to Halle (Saale) Hbf or to Leinefelde every two hours . This results in an hourly service in both directions in Sollstedt.
The town is crossed by the state road 3080 (until December 31, 2010 federal road 80 ) in an east-west direction. To the north it is touched by the federal highway 38 , the so-called Südharzautobahn .
education
- “Wipperbären” day care center in Sollstedt
- State primary school "Am Lohholz" Sollstedt
- Free school "Am Park" Wülfingerode special needs school
Leisure and Tourism
Sollstedt is particularly interesting for tourists as a starting point for hikes. In combination with bus and train there is a good connection to over 100 km of hiking trails, especially in the surrounding mountains. With the Barbarossaweg there is also a long-distance hiking trail through the southern municipality. The place also has a swimming pool with sauna and a bowling alley as well as two sports fields.
Churches
- Evangelical Church of St. Petri Sollstedt
- Evangelical St. Elisabeth Church in Wülfingerode
- Protestant Church Rehungen
The Evangelical Church of St. Gertrud in Gerterode (Eichsfeld district) also belongs to the Sollstedt parish.
Parks and squares
- Park Wülfingerode
- Gutswiese with home parlor
- Lohwiese Wülfingerode
- Recreation area Friedetal with forest pond
Parish partnership
There is a partnership with the municipality of Heidenrod in Hesse .
Personalities
- Ulrich Haberland (1900–1961), German chemist and industrial manager
- Hans von Bodenhausen (1606–1684), Royal Danish Colonel Sergeant , Count Honstein's envoy; has been buried in the gilded ceremonial coffin in the village church of Wülfingerode since 1684.
Culture and sights
- The golden coffin exhibited in the family crypt of Wülfingerode is a find of great cultural and historical value .
- The district of Rehungen is characterized by a half-timbered church built in 1776.
- Directly opposite the Rehunger half-timbered church is the manor house of the village, which houses an extensive local history museum.
- On the Schönberg , south of the Rehungen location , are the remains of a small castle complex, which, according to soil finds, is dated to the 13th century. The triangular base is protected on two sides by steep slopes and shielded from the forecourt in the south by a two-meter high wall and moat.
- The Komturhof Utterode is a listed four-sided courtyard about two kilometers south of Sollstedt, there is also a magnificent linden tree, its age is estimated to be around 550 years.
- The old town center of Sollstedt is characterized by half-timbered houses from the 17th to 19th centuries; several of them are listed.
- The so-called horse stable is a natural attraction . It is an approximately 20 meter long and 10 meter deep crevice in the immediate vicinity of the Kattsteingipfel. According to legend, a robber by the name of Always sober lived there. The gap is freely accessible, but entering it is not safe and should not be done alone or with safety!
- Another natural attraction is the so-called Matzloch . This is a sinkhole that is located at the southwestern foot of the Egelskopf. The funnel is about 10 meters deep and 30 meters wide. After the snow melts, a stream falls down the funnel and disappears into a 30 cm wide hole at the bottom. According to legend, a shepherd girl found the Osanna bell from the Wülfingeröder church, which was cast in 1416 . Before that it was the bell of the nearby town of Rödichen , which no longer exists today.
literature
- Council of the community of Sollstedt (ed.): Festschrift 750 years Sollstedt (1221–1971) . Sollstedt 1971, p. 64 .
- Kurt Ohlendorf: Field names and field conditions in the Sollstedt district . In: Meyenburg-Museum (Hrsg.): Contributions to local history from the city and district of Nordhausen . Issue 10. Nordhausen 1985, p. 82-89 .
- Material on the Sollstedt manor (PDF; 255 kB) in the Alexander Duncker collection
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Maps ( Memento of the original dated December 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 50 years of weather, weather and natural disasters; Small climatology of Nordhausen am Südharz by Josef Tauchmann
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1996
- ↑ StBA: Area changes on 01/01/2009
- ^ 750 years of Sollstedt, J. Eckstein, Sollstedt, 1971 (1573–1971)
- ↑ Regional development concept "Western District of Nordhausen" (1975–1999)
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics (2002-2010)
- ↑ Ortschronik
- ↑ Stefan Litt: Jews in Thuringia in the early modern period (1520–1650), publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia, Small Series Volume 11, page 109, Böhlau Verlag GmbH & Cie, Cologne 2003
- ↑ Berndt Strobach: Privileged within narrow limits, new contributions to the life, work and environment of the Halberstadt court Jew Berend Lehmann (1661–1730), Volume 11: Document collection, page 25, 1st edition, Verlag epubli GmbH, Berlin 2011
- ↑ 750 years of Sollstedt, J. Eckstein, Sollstedt, 1971
- ^ Business directory Sollstedt. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 10, 2014 ; accessed on March 10, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ History of the Sollstedt potash plant
- ↑ Tourism & Leisure in Sollstedt. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 10, 2014 ; accessed on March 10, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gerterode. (PDF; 1.7 MB) Retrieved on March 10, 2014 (church description).
- ^ Peter Kuhlbrodt: Hans von Bodenhausen and the golden coffin in Wülfingerode . In: Meyenburg Museum (ed.): Contributions to local history in the city and district of Nordhausen . Issue 11. Nordhausen 1986, p. 37-40 .
- ^ Thomas Bienert: "Rehungen" - Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 190 .
- ^ Wolfgang Landgrebe: "Sollstedt" . In: Freizeitführer Thuringia . tape 1 (Central and North region). Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1999, ISBN 3-86134-550-1 , p. 143, 179 .
Bleicherode | Ellrich | Görsbach | Großlohra | Harz Gate | Pegs / helmets | Hohenstein | Kehmstedt | Kleinfurra | Lipprechteode | Niedergebra | Nordhausen | Sollstedt | Urbach | Werther