Ohm Mountains

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Ohm Mountains
Northern foothills of the Ohm Mountains directly south of Holungen

Northern foothills of the Ohm Mountains directly south of Holungen

Highest peak Birkenberg ( 533.4  m above sea  level )
location Eichsfeld district , Thuringia , Germany
Part of the main unit Lower Eichsfeld , Weser-Leine-Bergland
Classification according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Ohm Mountains (Thuringia)
Ohm Mountains
Coordinates 51 ° 28 ′  N , 10 ° 20 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′  N , 10 ° 20 ′  E
rock Shell limestone
surface 80 km²
dep2
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The Ohm Mountains are up to 533.4  m above sea level. NN high and about 80 km² large shell limestone table mountain of Unter Eichsfeld in the district of Eichsfeld , northern Thuringia ( Germany ).

geography

The Ohm Mountains , whose southeastern foothills are the Bleicheröder Mountains, are located in the Eichsfeld district at the interface with the Nordhausen district . It is located between Weißenborn-Lüderode in the north, Bleicherode in the southeast, Worbis in the south and Teistungen in the west and spreads between the upper reaches of the Helme in the north and the Wipper in the south. In the north and west, the Untereichsfeld connects , further to the south the mountain range of the Dün and in the southwest the nature park Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal . The undulating plateau of the Ohm Mountains is used for agriculture and pasture farming, the largest part, especially the steep edge areas, are overgrown with beech forests. There are also limestone grasslands and wild yew trees.

Natural allocation

According to the natural division of Germany, the Ohm Mountains are assigned as follows according to Blatt Kassel :

The Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology uses a somewhat coarser own structure that only exists nationwide, within which the Ohmgebirge-Bleicheröder Berge landscape is part of the North Thuringian red sandstone region .

The limestone -Höhenzüge Ohmgebirge and bleicherode hills are considered in two divisions , a designated contiguous single natural space. Rather, they represent a continuation of the northwestern edge plate of the Thuringian Basin , interrupted by the Lower Eichsfeld .

Adjacent natural areas are viewed clockwise:

geology

The Ohm Mountains (and the south-east adjoining Bleicherode Mountains) sit as witness mountains with a shell limestone layer of the surrounding red sandstone hill landscape . The stratification often leads to the wavy Ohmgebirgs plateau with rock breaks . Examples are the Hübelstein near Breitenworbis and the 30 m high Hauröder cliff. In the area of ​​the Ohmgebirgs rift zone between Worbis and Holungen there are various types of stone, including chalk . The trench zone is the central part of the Ohmgebirgsmulde, which borders the Thuringian Basin to the northwest. The base of the Ohmgebirge is formed by the Röt with its loamy, clayey and water-impermeable character, those elevations on the plateau consist of Upper Muschelkalk, while Keuper and chalk sediments can be found between Worbis, Kirchohmfeld and Kaltohmfeld . Those shell limestone layers are extremely fissured and permeable to water, due to which there are only a few small flowing waters, some of which still seep back onto the plateau. The washed gypsum camp in Stufenbildner Röt often lead to burglaries, sinkholes and Suberosionen in the upper ceiling layers.

Mountains and elevations

The Birkenberg, seen from Kaltohmfeld, is the highest point on the plateau of the Ohm Mountains.
The Ohmberg (left) and the Sonder (right) on the northeastern edge of the Ohm Mountains
The rabbit castle near Haynrode

The mountains and elevations of the Ohmgebirge in the narrower sense and its foothills to the north and east, which are already assigned to neighboring natural areas, include - with height in meters above sea ​​level (NN):

  • Birkenberg (533.4 m), highest mountain in the Ohm Mountains and a good panoramic mountain north of Kaltohmfeld
  • Bornberg (529.7 m), north of Kirchohmfeld
  • Ohmberg (528.7 m), west of Hauröden
  • Kälberberg (524.7 m), south of Kaltohmfeld
    • Oberberg (496.5 m)
    • Mittelberg (449.9 m)
  • Ochsenberg (514.6 m), west of Kaltohmfeld
  • Sonder (512.9 m), south of Holungen
  • Trogberg (502.9 m), southeast of Wehnde
  • Oberberg (496.5 m), northeast of Worbis
  • Schwarzenberg (491.4 m), southeast of Brehme
  • Hasenburg (487.4 m), southeastern Zeugenberg, north of Buhla
  • Sonnenstein (485.6 m), northwest of Holungen
    • Wehenberg (440.8 m)
    • Braune Bühl (427.5 m)
  • Mittelberg (475.8 m), further north of Wintzingerode
  • Heinrichsberg (478.4 m), northwest of Kirchohmfeld
  • Himberg (474.0 m), west of Haynrode
  • Mittelberg (465.9 m), between Kaltohmfeld and Breitenworbis
  • Fernstein (464.0 m), east of Ferna
  • Langenberg (462.6 m), north of Kirchworbis
  • Ziegenrück (460.8 m), highest mountain in the Bleicheröder Mountains , south of Buhla
  • Haferberg (460.7 m), east of Kirchohmfeld
  • Krantberg (455.6 m), north of Holungen
  • Haarburg (453.1 m), southeastern Zeugenberg, southeast of Haynrode
  • Kanstein (435.5 m), northwest of Worbis
  • Rottersberg (420.6 m), northwest of Worbis
  • Winkelberg (415.2 m), east of Jützenbach
  • Die Hardt (400.9 m), north of Worbis
  • Großer Heuberg (389.0 m), northwest of Bischofferode
  • Steinberg (385.8 m), eastern foothills, west of Werningerode (OT von Steinrode)
  • Buchenberg (383.5 m), northeast of Brehme
  • Bauerberg (361.6 m), eastern foothills, east of Werningerode (border area to the Nordhausen district)
  • Stadtberg (351.2 m), northern branch, southwest of Jützenbach
  • Hühnerberg (349.9 m), eastern foothills, south of Bischofferode
  • Sommerberg (342.1 m), northern foothills, north of Brehme
  • Nonnecke (338.5 m), northwestern branch, west of Wehnde

→ For these and others, see the Ohm Mountains section of the article “List of mountains and elevations in Thuringia”.

Flowing waters

The Ohm Mountains are the origin of the Hahle , Helme , Wipper , Brehme and Bode . The Elbe-Weser watershed runs through the Ohm Mountains . The western part of the mountains drains via the Hahle and Brehme to the Leine and Weser , the Bode and its tributaries, and the Wipper drains the eastern part of the Ohmgebirge. They belong to the catchment area of ​​the Elbe .

Localities

View of Kirchohmfeld in winter

The localities in and on the Ohm Mountains include:

history

Bodenstein Castle seen from the east.

Until the end of the 19th century the Ohm Mountains were still called Ohmberg (also Ohmberg ), the plateau was also called Ohmfeld . The place names Kaltfeld and Kirchohmfeld are derived from Ohmfeld, as well as the medieval Ohmfeldgau . On the northern edge of the Ohm Mountains ran the tribal border between Thuringian and Saxon tribes, which was probably protected by a Landwehr. In addition, there were several ramparts and fortifications on the edge of the mountains , of which Bodenstein Castle and the Wehnder Warte have been preserved. This settlement boundary still forms the language boundary between Low German and Central German in Eichsfeld today .

Around the year 1400 there were several mining attempts by the Elector of Mainz in the Ohm Mountains to find silver for his mint in Heiligenstadt. However, due to the geological situation, these attempts were unsuccessful.

Due to its high altitude, there was a radar station of the Soviet Army on the Birkenberg during the GDR , which has since been demolished and renatured. Only the barrier to the former garrison and the up to six meter high raised foundations of the radar systems have been preserved.

tourism

View from the southwest edge of the Ohm Mountains to the Hohe Meißner

The area of ​​the Ohm Mountains offers numerous tourist excursion possibilities. Sights are:

The varied landscape with its mixed beech forests, its rich diversity of flora and fauna is ideal for excursions and hikes. From the viewpoints Sonnenstein near Brehme, Hauröder Klippen, Kälberberg near Kaltohmfeld , Bodenstein Castle and the Wehnder Warte, wide views are possible as far as the Harz , Kyffhäuser , upper and lower Eichsfeld and the upper Leinebergland.

literature

  • Erhard Müller: The name Ohm Mountains. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt 1981, issue 2, p. 141
  • Eberhard Walter: Hydrological investigations of the Hils, the Ohmgebirge and the Kyffhäusers, including determination of the radioactive content of the spring water. In: Geological and Palaeontological Treatises. 13th volume, Ed. JFPompeckj and Fr. Freih. von Huene, Verlag Gustav Fischer Jena 1914–15, section on the Ohm Mountains, pp. 268–283

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ Hiekel, W. u. a. (2004): The natural areas of Thuringia, p. 160
  3. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969 → online map
  4. ↑ The Ohm Mountains are only recorded in the marginal area in this sheet 112, while the main part would have been on sheet 113 Sondershausen , whose non-publication had already been decided in 1969.
  5. ^ Walter Hiekel, Frank Fritzlar, Andreas Nöllert and Werner Westhus: The natural spaces of Thuringia . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG), Thuringian Ministry for Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Environment . 2004, ISSN  0863-2448 . → Natural area map of Thuringia (TLUG) - PDF; 260 kB → Maps by district (TLUG)

  6. ^ Dietrich Franke: Regional Geologie in Ostdeutschland - A dictionary 2011 Regionalgeologie Ost
  7. ^ Paul Lauerwald: On the history of coinage on the Eichsfeld. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt 1985, issue 4, p. 352

Web links

Commons : Ohmgebirge  - Collection of images, videos and audio files