Eichsfeld Basin

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Eichsfeld Basin
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Main unit group 37 →
Weser-Leine-Bergland
1st order natural space North German Lowlands
Natural space 374 →
Eichsfeld Basin
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 32 '40 "  N , 10 ° 12' 40"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 32 '40 "  N , 10 ° 12' 40"  E
Eichsfeld Basin (Lower Saxony)
Eichsfeld Basin
Location Eichsfeld Basin
circle District of Göttingen , District of Northeim , District of Eichsfeld
state Lower Saxony , Thuringia
Country Germany

The Eichsfeld Basin is a landscape in southern Lower Saxony and with small parts in northwest Thuringia in the districts of Göttingen , Northeim and Eichsfeld . The central part of the basin landscape lies in the region of the Lower Field , with Duderstadt near the border with Thuringia.

Natural areas and location

View over the Goldene Mark near Westerode
View over the basin landscape towards the Hellberge
View over the Rhumeaue near Rhumspringe to the Rotenberg

According to the natural structure of the manual of the natural structure of Germany , the Eichsfeld basin is included in the Weser-Leine-Bergland . The landscape is divided into the single sheets Göttingen, Halberstadt and Kassel as follows:

The Eichsfeld Basin in the narrower sense comprises the landscapes 374.0-2 as well as the northwestern part of 374.4 (from Gieboldehausen ).

The Eichsfeld Basin is surrounded by the southwestern Harz foreland with Wulften am Harz in the Oder valley in the north and Bad Lauterberg am Harz in the northeast, the northern Thuringian hill country in the east, the Ohm mountains in the southeast, the Lower Eichsfeld in the southwest and the Göttingen-Northeimer Wald in the west. Except for a few peripheral areas in the west, north and east of Rhume and Eller , it is part of the historic Eichsfeld .

Partial landscapes

The Eichsfeld Basin is divided into several partial landscapes:

Lindauer, Seeburger and Duderstädter basins

The flatter basin landscape stretches from the valley of the Hahle in the east and the confluence of the Rhume and Oder near Katlenburg-Lindau in the north, as well as the marginal elevations of the Göttingen-Northeim forest near Ebergötzen in the west and the Lower Eichsfeld and the western Ohm mountains near Teistungen in the south. The central part of these landscapes is also called the Golden Mark because they have soils with high fertility.

Duderstädter Bergland

The mountain landscape south of Fuhrbach in the direction of the Ohm Mountains

The hilly landscape of the Hellberge , which adjoins the Goldene Mark to the east , is bordered by the Hahle valley in the west, the village of Gieboldehausen in the north, and the Rhume and Eller valley in the east. To the southeast, the hilly landscape flows smoothly into the steeper and higher Bischofferoder Bergland and borders directly on the Ohmgebirgsplateu in the south . The ridge of the Krantberg , which consists of shell limestone , is part of the northern Ohmgebirgs rift zone and is already part of the Ohmgebirge.

Rhume-Eller-Aue

The Rhumeaue begins in the Eller valley in the area of ​​the state border with Thuringia in the south-east and, after its confluence with the water-rich Rhume, runs to Lindau in the north-west. It is part of the Rhumeaue / Ellerniederung / Gillersheimer Bachtal nature reserve .

Rhumebergland

The Rhumebergland consists of the flowing landscapes of the Rotenberg and the Silkeroder hill country . The ridge of the Rotenberg connects to the northeast of the Rhumeaue, is bounded in the north and northeast by the Oder valley and in the southeast reaches the state border with Thuringia . Further in a south-easterly direction, the landscape of the Silkeroder hill country joins, which is already included in the southern Harz.

geology

The steep slope to the Lower Eichsfeld near Berlingerode

The geological basis consists of red sandstone with fertile loess soils and loamy parts. The subsidence of the area was caused by the leaching of the salt deposits and is particularly noticeable in the south on the border with the Lower Eichsfeld on the so-called "salt slope".

mountains

The altitude of the basin decreases from the western, southern and eastern edges to the north.

In the central basin landscape, the most important elevations are:

  • Questenberg (349.5 m), west of Berlingerode (northern foothills of the Zehnsberg)
  • Lindenberg (339 m), east of Teistungen (northern foothills of the Ohm Mountains)
  • Euzenberg (286 m), west of Duderstadt
  • Horse mountain (279 m), east of Immingerode
  • Mäuseberg (261 m), north of Berlingerode
  • Höherberg (242 m), east of Lake Constance
  • Big mountain (227 m), west of Bilshausen

In the heavily indented hilly landscape of the Hellberge :

  • Bundsenberg (319 m), between Fuhrbach and Ecklingerode
  • Wendenberg (290 m), west of Brochthausen
  • Tettelwarte (285 m), south of Breitenberg
  • Hüschenberg (283 m), east of Duderstadt
  • Hellberg (259 m), east of Rollshausen

The Bischofferoder Bergland including the Muschelkalk ridge:

  • Krantberg (455.6 m), north of Holungen
  • Winkelberg (415.2 m), east of Jützenbach
  • Großer Heuberg (389.0 m), north of Bischofferode
  • nameless mountain (348.7 m), north of Brehme
  • Hühnerberg (349.9 m), south of Bischofferode

The following are the immediate ridges and ridges of the adjacent landscapes:

  • Rotenberg : Heimkenberg (274.1 m) in the northeast and Rotenberg (317.3 m) in the east
  • Ohmgebirge : Sunstone (485.6 m) and Trogberg (502.9 m) to the southeast
  • Lower Eichsfeld : Zehnsberg (412 m) in the south, Roter Berg (406.9 m) and Rote Uferberg (360 m) in the southwest
  • Göttingen-Northeimer Wald : Hühnstollen (425 m) and Langfast (360 m) in the west

Waters

Due to the lowering, there is an extensive water system in the Eichsfeld Basin. The most important rivers are the Eller and the water-rich Rhume in the eastern part and the Hahle with its tributaries in the central part. East of Seeburg is one of the largest natural lakes in southern Lower Saxony, the Seeburger See . With the Seeanger and Lutteranger, the wetlands around Lake Seeburg have been renatured for about 30 years.

climate

In the Eichsfeld Basin there are favorable climatic conditions for predominant arable farming, with an average temperature of 14–15 ° C during the vegetation period and an annual rainfall of 650 mm. In the central basin area around the Seeburger See the precipitation is only 550-600 mm, this area is already one of the German dry areas.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ E. Meynen and J. Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953-1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960)
  2. ↑ Various authors: Geographical land survey: The natural space units in single sheets 1: 200,000 - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959-1970 → Online maps
    • Sheet 99: Göttingen (Jürgen Hövermann 1963)
    • Sheet 100: Halberstadt (J. Spönemann 1970)
    • Sheet 112: Kassel (H.-J. Klink 1969)
  3. ↑ In sheet 99 Göttingen (1963) 374.3 or the part on that sheet was shown as Hellberge ; Sheet 100 Halberstadt (1970), however, already lays the dividing line between Hellbergen (374.30) and Bischofferoder Bergland (374.31) on the section of the Göttingen sheet .
  4. ^ Name on sheet 100 Halberstadt (1970)
  5. ↑ Designation on sheet 99 Göttingen (1963)
  6. ↑ On sheet 99 Göttingen (1963) 374.5 or the part on that sheet was shown as Rotenberg ; this is not in direct contradiction to sheet 100 Halberstadt (1970), which sees the border from Rotenberg (374.50) to the Silkeroder Hügelland (374.51) entirely on sheet Halberstadt.
  7. ^ Helmut Jäger: Historical and regional excursion map of Lower Saxony. Sheet of Duderstadt (scale 1: 50000). Edited by Helmut Jäger, map and explanatory booklet, Hildesheim 1964, page 5

literature

  • Ludwig Hempel: Young post-Pleistocene tectonics on the edge of the Eichsfeld basin. in: Geol. Yearbook Hannover 1956, Volume 72, Pages 235-240
  • Lena Hempel: The morphological landscape of the Unter-Eichsfeld with special consideration of the soil erosion and its small forms. Self-published by the Federal Institute for Regional Studies Remagen in 1957
  • Volkard Köllner: The natural landscape transition between the Göttingen Forest and the Lower Eichsfeld. Edited by the Federal Institute for Regional Studies Bad Godesberg, vol. 35 1965, no. 1 pages 62–73

Web links

Commons : Eichsfeld Basin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files