Eichsfeld

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of the Eichsfeld
Typical Eichsfeld landscape: villages between fields and wooded hills (here: Ecklingerode am Ohmgebirge )
View from the Kreuzweg on the Auf dem Brink elevation to the southeast over the Schwobach valley to Uder im Leine valley

The Eichsfeld [regional dialect:  [ ˈaɪksfɛlt ] ] was a historical territory and is a present-day cultural landscape in southeastern Lower Saxony , northwestern Thuringia and northeastern Hesse between Harz and Werra . The largest towns in Eichsfeld are the cities of Dingelstädt , Duderstadt , Heiligenstadt and Leinefelde-Worbis, as well as the spots Gieboldehausen . Please click to listen!Play

The Thuringian district of Eichsfeld derives its name from Eichsfeld . However, on the one hand, this by far does not include all places in the historic Eichsfeld, and on the other hand, places that did not originally belong to the Eichsfeld (see list of places in the Eichsfeld ).

The Eichsfeld received its special character from the centuries-old island location as part of the Principality of Mainz , which is still indicated by the Mainz wheel in the coat of arms . After the Reformation , almost all of the residents had become Protestants; however, the Counter Reformation forced them back to the Catholic denomination from 1575 onwards. Even in the GDR era, church life in the Obereichsfeld remained relatively intact. It was the largest region in the GDR with a predominantly Catholic population. Even today, the number of regular churchgoers is above the national average. As patron of the Eichsfeld the holy applies Martin .

The Eichsfeld song composed by Hermann Iseke is the unofficial hymn of Eichsfeld .

geography

The Eichsfeld around 1900

location

The Eichsfeld covers an area of ​​about 1540 km² and lies between the valleys of the Rhume in the northeast and the Werra in the southwest, the Thuringian Basin in the southeast and the Göttingen-Northeimer Wald in the northwest. The Elbe-Weser watershed runs from the resin coming right through the Eichsfeld. Here are the headwaters of the Unstrut , Wipper and Helme , which belong to the catchment area of ​​the Elbe , and the Rhume, Nisse, Hahle , Leine and Frieda , which flow into the Werra and Weser .

Natural structure and landscape

The Eichsfeld lies in the border area of ​​three large natural areas:

In the south, the Eichsfeld consists of several 450 m high shell limestone slabs ( Dün , Oberes Eichsfeld , Gobert ) that slope down to the Leine and Werra valleys with a steep and well-structured step. The highest point in the Eichsfeld is the Goburg on the Gobert ridge with a height of 543.4 m. To the west there are mountainous landscapes that are counted as part of the Werrabergland ( Höheberg , Rosoppe-Frieda-Hügelland ).

To the north is the red sandstone landscape of the middle Eichsfeld, to which the upper Leinetal with the Zehnsberg and the Eichsfelder Kessel are included. Here, too, there are larger mountain ranges, such as the Ohm Mountains with the 533.4 m high Birkenberg and to the east the Bleicheröder Mountains which, together with the Dün, form the Eichsfeld gate at the Wipper near Sollstedt .

In the far north lies the fertile basin landscape of the Goldenen Mark , it is bordered by the surrounding hilly landscapes of the Hellberge and Rotenberg in the east and the Göttinger Bergland in the west.

Limits in the Eichsfeld

  • Kurmainzischer Grenzstein (south of Weilrode )

  • Boundary stone (south of Heyerode )

In general, the landscape is divided into two parts, the rougher and higher located upper area and in the north the lower located lower area . While the boundaries of the historical calibration field are relatively clearly defined, there is no uniform definition of the course of this boundary line:

  • it is assumed to be a simplified border along the river valleys of the Leine and Wipper .
  • from a geographical and geological point of view, it runs on the northern slope of Dün and Oberem Eichsfeld .
  • along the language border between the Central German and the Low German dialect (shown on the map Das Eichsfeld )
  • from a political-administrative point of view on the state border between Thuringia and Lower Saxony . The current state border of Thuringia also formed the inner-German border .

Due to the eventful history, the Eichsfeld today extends over three federal states and five districts.

Places in the Eichsfeld

The largest part of the Obereichsfeld with the cities Heiligenstadt , Leinefelde-Worbis and Dingelstädt belongs to the state of Thuringia , district of Eichsfeld . In addition, there are 13 towns in Upper Bavaria in the Unstrut-Hainich district , two more in the Hessian Werra-Meißner district (see Wanfried Agreement ). 18 places in the sub-area are in Thuringia (Eichsfeld district), the rest of the sub-area with the Duderstadt center belongs to the state of Lower Saxony , all in the Göttingen district with the exception of Lindau , which is part of the Northeim district. These relationships are - even if the border lines up to 1945 are shown there - in the map Das Eichsfeld at the top right. The fine dashed line north of Worbis represents the boundary between the upper and lower fields.

For the sake of simplicity, the entire Thuringian part of the Eichsfeld is now usually referred to as the Upper Field and the Lower Saxony part, which corresponds to the former Duderstadt district, is the Lower Field .

All places belonging to the historical Eichsfeld are listed in the list of places in Eichsfeld .

Capital

Heiligenstadt is often called the "traditional capital of the Eichsfeld". In the lower area, however, Duderstadt is regarded as the capital. These views can be traced back to the former principalities.

language

The Low German - Central German language border runs from Rohrberg over the Zehnsberg and the northern edge of the Ohmgebirge between Untereichsfeld and Obereichsfeld. A special dialect, Eichsfeldische, is spoken in the Obereichsfeld, and Thuringian can be heard there, especially with hard consonants. However, the dialect is nowhere near as “washed out” and has a Thuringian touch as is the case in the neighboring Thuringian districts. However, today only sporadically - - In Untereichsfeld they spoke Low German ; today one speaks predominantly standard German.

Even when dealing with the term Eichsfeld itself there are some peculiarities - also in the 'High German' sub-area field: the word Eichsfeld is pronounced [ ˈaɪksfɛlt ] (“Eixfeld” or “Eiksfeld”). Instead of “in the Eichsfeld” it also says “on the Eichsfeld”. The term “vom Eichsfeld” is also used instead of “from the Eichsfeld”.

history

Origin of name

Several assumptions compete for the interpretation of the origin of the name "Eichsfeld":

  • "Eichsfeld" is derived from the oak trees that used to be common here .
  • "Eichsfeld" is derived from the field of an Aiko or Eico .
  • "Eichsfeld" is derived from an old name for the upper reaches of the Unstrut.
  • Ernst Moritz Arndt also assumed a derivation of the name from the oak, both for the Eifel and for the Eichsfeld: I think it is very likely that the name is taken from the oak, which was and still is the main tree in the Eifel . I think the name Eifel is nothing more than a bitten off and mutilated Eichsfeld, so that it would also bear the community of names with the Thuringian Eichsfeld, as it unfortunately now also has the community of forest desolation and some desolate places with it .

First mentioned until 1900

The Eichsfeld was first mentioned on January 28, 897. Arnulf von Kärnten confirmed in a document in Regensburg the exchange of goods in pago Eichesfelden between the abbot Huki von Fulda and the count Konrad. It originally referred to the area between Heiligenstadt and Mühlhausen and was a Thuringian district. In 1022 there was first news about Mainz possessions on the Eichsfeld (around Heiligenstadt and the Rusteberg ). In 1124 the founding of the monastery began on the Eichsfeld. Between 1022 and 1573 the Electorate of Mainz acquired further possessions and developed administrative structures. In 1294 Kurmainz also acquired the original Eichsfeld from the Lords of Gleichen . Only later was the name of the originally Thuringian area taken over for the entire Mainz property east of the Werra.

Bodenstein Castle
The Eichsfeld around 1759
(the map contains some errors: see map description on Commons)

The Untreichsfeld, northwest of Duderstadt, was initially a Liudolfingian property and an Ottonian property , came to the Quedlinburg monastery in the 10th century and fell to the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1247 , whose line of Grubenhagen pledged it to the Electorate of Mainz in 1342/58 and 1434.

In 1524 the Peasants' War broke out in the free imperial city of Mühlhausen . Heinrich Pfeiffer , colleague of Thomas Müntzer , moved against the Eichsfeld and plundered and burned monasteries and aristocratic courts. Many residents turned to Protestantism. Due to the religious peace in Augsburg , the Jesuits began the Counter Reformation in 1575 at the behest of the Prince-Bishop of Mainz . According to the rule Cuius regio, eius religio , the Eichsfeld was recatholized with the exception of a few villages over the course of 50 years. The rule of Bodenstein of the Lords of Wintzingerode remained evangelical , who with the help of the Dukes of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen were able to enforce the free Lutheran religious practice for themselves and their subjects.

In 1622 the Thirty Years' War began for Eichsfeld . The Swedes, the Imperialists, the Danes, the Hessians and the Saxons stocked up, plundered and pillaged.

In 1650, the Elector of Mainz took possession of his land again, more than a third of which had been devastated and the population of which had declined by a quarter.

King Friedrich Wilhelm III. took possession of the entire Eichsfeld for Prussia in 1802 , and the media principality of Eichsfeld was created. From 1807 to 1813 the Eichsfeld was part of the Kingdom of Westphalia , after its dissolution it came back to Prussia.

At the Congress of Vienna in 1815 the Eichsfeld was divided. The districts of Heiligenstadt and Worbis , which thus belonged to the Prussian province of Saxony , emerged from the upper area and the southern part of the lower area . The larger northern part of the lower field came to the Kingdom of Hanover , which was annexed by Prussia in 1866 and from then on belonged to the Province of Hanover . Eichsfeld belonged to the same state again, the Kingdom of Prussia, but was separated by the provincial border between Hanover and Saxony. In 1885 the Duderstadt district was formed.

1900 until today

Steel sliding barrier on the former inner-German border in Teistungen

For the history of the Eichsfeld in the time of National Socialism see:

At the end of the Second World War, Eichsfeld was occupied by units of the 3rd US Army with absolute air sovereignty and strong armored forces between April 3 and 10, 1945. This was often preceded by bomber attacks and artillery fire. On April 7th, a counter-offensive by the Wehrmacht took place near and in Struth , which collapsed on the same day with heavy losses. The graves of 175 German soldiers can be found in 50 cemeteries in Eichsfeld, and 125 others who died in Eichsfeld at the Nieder-Weisel military cemetery in Hesse . In 54 Eichsfeldorten, in connection with the occupation, there was sometimes considerable damage to buildings, including churches. 65 civilians, mostly women and children, died in 22 locations. Before that, 17 heavy US bombers, 14 US fighter planes and 22 German fighter planes crashed over the Eichsfeld from the beginning of 1944.

The district of Duderstadt had belonged to the British occupation zone since 1945 and became part of the state of Lower Saxony from 1946 . The districts of Heiligenstadt and Worbis were part of the Soviet occupation zone from 1945 and part of the GDR from 1949 . With the Wanfried Agreement of September 17, 1945, two Eichsfeld villages were incorporated into the American zone of occupation and five Hessian villages were added to the Soviet zone to compensate.

In the years that followed, the Iron Curtain was built on the border that was once drawn through the Eichsfeld at the Congress of Vienna .

As a Catholic enclave in Protestant Thuringia, the Eichsfeld district became a stronghold of the CDU Thuringia after the Second World War . Already in the election campaign for the local elections in the Soviet Zone in 1946 , the SED was facing a severe defeat , as the CDU election events were overcrowded and those of the SED were hardly attended. The attempts by the SMAD to intimidate the population (for example, District Administrator Aloys Schaefer was arrested immediately before the election ) did not bring about any change. In the local elections, the CDU received 34 seats in the district council, the SED with 14 and the VdgB with 2 were far behind. With the votes of the CDU, the CDU member of the state parliament, Hugo Dornhofer, was elected chairman of the district assembly and Adolf Braedel (CDU) as district administrator. In the state elections on October 20, the CDU also achieved the best result in Thuringia with 68% in the district. In the aftermath of the election, the delivery obligations of the farmers of the Eichsfeld were increased as a punitive action. As part of the alignment of the Eastern CDU, Dornhofer was forced to resign on February 19, 1948. Braedel had to flee to the west in April 1950. The SED's Eichsfeld Plan regulated the industrialization of the Eichsfeld from 1958.

economy

traffic

Streets

In east-west direction, the Autobahn 38 (Göttingen– Leipzig ) runs through the Eichsfeld. Two federal highways cross the Eichsfeld in an east-west direction: the B 27 (Göttingen - Braunlage ) and the B 446 ( Nörten-Hardenberg - Duderstadt) in the Untereichsfeld, and earlier the B 80 (replaced by the A 38; today L 3080 ) in the upper area. As a north-south connection, the B 247 (Northeim-Duderstadt-Leinefelde-Worbis-Dingelstädt-Mühlhausen) crosses almost the entire Eichsfeld.

Rail transport

The nationally important Halle – Hann railway line runs between Heiligenstadt and Leinefelde . Münden and the Göttingen - Erfurt line ( Gotha – Leinefelde railway ). The Halle – Hann. Münden– Kassel was expanded to two tracks and electrified until 1994 as a German Unity transport project .

The former Leinefelde – Wulften railway line has not been in operation since the mid-1990s (Untereichsfeld) or 2001 (Obereichsfeld). Until 1931 there was also a narrow-gauge railway between Göttingen and Duderstadt, the Gartetalbahn . In addition, the Eichsfeld is affected in the north by the Herzberg – Bleicherode railway line .

Airfields

The airfield Eichsfeld is the only airfield in the entire Eichsfeld. In 2005 it was equipped with a 750 m long asphalt runway, which now enables larger private aircraft to land.

Attractions

The Mainz castle in Heiligenstadt , from 1736 to 1738 as the residence of archiepiscopal kurmainzischen built governor, now the seat of the district office of the district Eichsfeld
Historic town hall Duderstadt
St. Marien in Heiligenstadt
Castle and church in Gieboldehausen

Castles and Palaces

Altenstein castle , Burg Bodenstein , castle Gleichenstein , Greifenstein Castle , Burg Hanstein , Castle Harburg , Hasenburg (Eichsfeld) (also spelled Asenburg), castle ruins Rusteberg , Scharfenstein Castle , Castle Ruins Birkenstein at Birkungen , Castle Bishop Stone (in Lengenfeld unterm Stein ), Castle Gieboldehausen Castle Großbodungen , Wasserburg Deuna , Mushaus in Lindau , Castle Martin field , Castle Buhla

Architectural monuments

Churches

Monasteries

Pilgrimage sites

Others

Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal Nature Park , Seeburger See , Thiershäuser Teiche , Rhumequelle , Heinz Sielmann Foundation (Gut Herbigshagen), Bear Park Worbis , Mining Museum Bischofferode, Eichsfelder Krippenweg (the most beautiful church cribs), Unstrutquelle (Kefferhausen), Mühlhäuser Landgraben (border to the former areas of the Free and Hanseatic City of Mühlhausen ) with some still preserved waiting areas, Grenzlandmuseum Eichsfeld ( Teistungen ), ruins in Wildungen near Brehme , 750 year old yew tree in Tastungen (oldest yew tree in Thuringia), Sonnenstein , Eichsfelder Heimatmuseum ( Heiligenstadt ), literature museum “Theodor Storm "( Heiligenstadt )

  • Half-timbered house in Heiligenstadt

  • Grenzlandmuseum Eichsfeld , north of Teistungen

  • Werraschleife at Lindewerra

  • Literature museum "Theodor Storm" in Heilbad Heiligenstadt

  • Zella Monastery in the Südeichsfeld

Culture and events

Eichsfeld home days

Eichsfeld Home Days of the Federation of Eichsfeld Associations have been taking place abroad on a regular basis since 1913, there were major interruptions during the two world wars. These always took place in changing locations in Eichsfeld; during the division of Germany , they took place predominantly in Lower Saxony's Lower Saxony area , and more rarely outside of it (for example in Wanfried in 1984 ). In contrast, such events were undesirable in the GDR . At the Eichsfeld Days there were various events such as the delegates' meeting of the Eichsfeld associations, a pageant and a festive service. Today, the Eichsfeld Days , which take place roughly every two years, are organized by the HVE Eichsfeld Touristik and the changing venues.

Eichsfeld Organ Autumn

Portal of the St. Marien Church in Heiligenstadt during the autumn of the organ

Since 2003 organ concerts have been held regularly in autumn in changing churches in Eichsfeld. The initiator of this concert series is the current cantor for St. Marien in Heiligenstadt and the Eichsfeld region, KMD Michael Taxer. National as well as international soloists, ensembles and choirs appear.

Neo-Nazi "Eichsfeldtag"

The neo-Nazi right - wing rock festival "Eichsfeldtag" has been taking place in the region every year since 2011. It was founded by the convicted neo-Nazi and NPD politician Thorsten Heise .

kitchen

The traditional Eichsfeld cuisine used to be characterized by the geological and climatic conditions, which are difficult for agriculture, as well as the low level of mechanization of work, particularly in parts of the upper area. The dishes were simple and hearty. Eichsfeld specialties include slaughter products made according to special recipes, such as Feldgieker , Calf Bladder , Stracke , Garwurst and Weckewurst. On festive occasions large sheets were sour cream cake , various pies and cinnamon rolls baked.

Sons and daughters of Eichsfeld

Personalities associated with the Eichsfeld

See also

literature

Regional studies

  • Carl August Nobrack: Detailed geographic-statistical-topographical description of the administrative district of Erfurt . Erfurt 1841.
  • Carl Duval: The Eichsfeld . (Reprint). Harro von Hirschheydt Verlag, Hannover-Dören 1979, ISBN 3-7777-0002-9 .
  • Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and the Duchy of Anhalt (Ed.); Levin Freiherr von Wintzingeroda-Knorr: The desert areas of the Eichsfeld. List of desolations, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt (province of Hanover), Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen (state and city) and Worbis (province of Saxony). Hendel, Halle 1903. (Reprint: Mecke, Duderstadt 1995, ISBN 3-923453-70-1 )
  • Karl Paul Haendly: The Electoral Mainz Principality of Eichsfeld in the course of its history, its economy and its people from 897 to 1933. Expanded to 1963 . Mecke, Duderstadt 1996, ISBN 3-923453-77-9 .
  • Ulrich Leander Braun, Hans-Joachim Brudniok: Villages on the Eichsfeld . In: Settlement structures in Lower Saxony . Mecke, Duderstadt 1994, ISBN 3-923453-59-0 .
  • Maria Hauff, Hans-Heinrich Ebeling : Duderstadt and the Lower Field. Lexicon of a landscape in southern Lower Saxony . Mecke, Duderstadt 1996, ISBN 3-923453-85-X .
  • Torsten W. Müller: New home Eichsfeld? Refugees and displaced persons in the Catholic arrival society. Mecke-Verlag, Duderstadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-936617-93-1 .
  • Hermann Raabe: Have you not seen my Eichsfeld ... A home book. Verlag FW Cordier , Heiligenstadt 2013, ISBN 978-3-939848-33-2 .
  • Günther Wiegand: Eichsfeldische Bibliographie. The literature about the Eichsfeld from its beginnings to 2008 , two volumes, Mecke, Duderstadt 2015, ISBN 978-3-86944-150-4 .
  • Eds. Ulrich Harteisen, Ansgar Hoppe, Hansjörg Küster , Torsten W. Müller , Haik Thomas Porada , Gerold Wucherpfennig : Das Eichsfeld. Volume 79 of the series Landscapes in Germany. Verlag Böhlau , Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2018, ISBN 978-3-412-22539-1 .

history

  • Johann Vinzenz Wolf : Political history of the Eichsfeldes: explained with documents. Volume I and Volume II, Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1792/1793
  • Johann Vinzenz Wolf: History of the Eichsfeld . Schmieder, Hanover 1805.
  • Hans H. Ebeling, Hans R. Fricke: Suffering - Hope - Joy. The border in Eichsfeld . Verlag Göttinger Tageblatt, Göttingen 1991, ISBN 3-924781-20-6 .
  • Heinz Siebert: The Eichsfeld under the Soviet star . Supplemented edition, edited by Bernhard Opfermann . Mecke, Duderstadt 1992, ISBN 3-923453-47-7 .
  • Peter Aufgebauer among others: Lower Saxony - from the borderland to the country in the middle. The Eichsfeld. A German border area . Ed .: Lower Saxony State Center for Political Education. Mecke, Duderstadt 2002, ISBN 3-932752-95-3 ( (digitized) [PDF; 2.1 MB ]).
  • Eduard Fritze: The last days of the war in Eichsfeld and in the Mühlhausen area from April 3 to 10, 1945 . Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2002, ISBN 3-936030-06-5 .
  • Thomas Müller, Maik Pinkert (ed.): End of the war and a new beginning in the Eichsfeld district 1945/1946. A contemporary documentary. (= Contributions from the archives in the Eichsfeld district. Volume 2). Eichsfeld-Verlag, Heilbad Heiligenstadt 2003, ISBN 3-935782-00-4 .
  • Matthias Degenhard: On the life and suffering of the Eichsfelder in the First World War - A source edition . Editor: Association for Eichsfeldische Heimatkunde eV and Heimatverein Goldene Mark (Untereichsfeld) eV Duderstadt 2018, ISBN 978-3-86944-188-7 .
  • Felix Tasch: Eichsfeld refused to do arms. Construction soldiers and the Catholic Church in Eichsfeld: Joint witness of peace or solitary decision of conscience? Mecke Verlag, Duderstadt 2018, ISBN 978-3-86944-191-7 .
  • Petra Behrens: Regional Identity and Regional Culture in Democracy and Dictatorship. Home propaganda, regional cultural activities and the construction of the Eichsfeld region between 1918 and 1961 (Historical Foundations of Modernism; Vol. 6). Nomos VG, Baden-Baden 2012, ISBN 978-3-8329-7655-2 (also dissertation, University of Hannover 2010).
  • Christian Stöber: “Drawing lessons, gaining experience and creating an example for the construction of socialism” - SED rule in the 1950s and the emergence of the Eichsfeld Plan . In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch, vol. 22 (2014), pp. 281–312.
  • Christian Stöber: Rosary Communism. The SED dictatorship and the Catholic milieu in Eichsfeld 1945-1989. Chr. Links Verlag, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-96289-064-3 .

Buildings

  • Rolf G. Lucke, Josef Keppler and others: The churches in Eichsfeld. Church and art guides . Ed .: Association for Eichsfeldische Heimatkunde and from the Heimatverein Goldene Mark, Untereichsfeld, eV Mecke, Duderstadt 2005, ISBN 3-936617-41-4 .

religion

  • Rudolf Linge, Peter Schmidt: Church and Faith in the Eichsfeld . Cordier, Heiligenstadt 1975, DNB  760095221 .
  • Olof Klohr : The Catholic Church on the Eichsfeld - a documentation. Research Group Scientific Atheism, Research Report 43, Rostock 1987
  • Arno Wand: Church history of the Thuringian Eichsfeld from the 8th to the 20th century. A Catholic enclave in Central Germany . Verlag Cordier, Heiligenstadt 2018, ISBN 978-3-939848-61-5

Folklore

  • Manfred Lückert: A foray through the rural Eichsfeld 1885–1965 . Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2006, ISBN 3-937135-75-8 .
  • Manfred Lückert : Lovable Eichsfeld. From everyday life in the village. Tradition and belief. 1890-1990 . Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2009, ISBN 978-3-86777-029-3 .

Literature and sagas

  • Rudolf Linge: The rooster on the church tower - the most beautiful sagas, legends and stories from Eichsfeld . St. Benno, Leipzig 1984, DNB  840950969 .
  • Helmut Godehardt: The most beautiful Eichsfeld legends . Mecke, Duderstadt 2005, ISBN 3-936617-28-7 .

Tourist guides

  • Roland Geißler : The most beautiful hikes in Eichsfeld . Mecke, Duderstadt 2000, ISBN 3-932752-51-1 .
  • Alexander Baum: Hiking in the Eichsfeld. 17 hiking trails . Ed .: Heimat- und Verkehrsverband Eichsfeld eV, Leinefelde-Worbis. Leinefelde 2001.

Illustrated books

  • Helmut Godehardt, Erich Steffen, Karlo Schuchardt: Beautiful Eichsfeld . Mecke, Duderstadt 1992, ISBN 3-923453-39-6 .
  • Eduard Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald . Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2007, ISBN 978-3-86777-005-7 .
  • Josef Keppler, Helmut Mecke: Our beautiful Eichsfeld . Ed .: Heimat- und Verkehrsverband Eichsfeld eV, Leinefelde-Worbis. Mecke, Duderstadt 2007, ISBN 978-3-932752-59-9 .
  • Torsten W. Müller: The Eichsfeld - color photographs from the 30s and 40s. Erfurt 2016, ISBN 978-3-95400-749-3 .
  • Torsten W. Müller : The Eichsfeld in the 19th century - everyday images from a turbulent time. Erfurt 2018, ISBN 978-3-95400-996-1 .
  • Torsten W. Müller: The Eichsfeld in color - impressions from the 50s and 60s. Erfurt 2018, ISBN 978-3-95400-815-5 .
  • Torsten W. Müller: Eichsfeld - Photo treasures from the 70s and 80s. Erfurt 2018, ISBN 978-3-95400-960-2 .

Web links

Commons : Eichsfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Eichsfeld in the Topographia Colonia u. a. (Matthäus Merian)  - Sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Eichsfeld  - travel guide
Wiktionary: Eichsfeld  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sparkasse Duderstadt (ed.); Hans-Heinrich Ebeling, Maria Hauff (arr.): Duderstadt and the Untereichsfeld, lexicon of a landscape in southern Lower Saxony. Mecke Druck, Duderstadt 1996, ISBN 3-923453-85-X , pp. 287-290.
  2. ^ Heilbad Heiligenstadt - Eichsfeld Wiki . Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  3. ↑ History of the Eichsfeld - Im Eichsfeld ( Memento from October 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  4. ↑ Rudolf Linge, Peter Schmidt: Church and Faith in Eichsfeld. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig, and Cordier-Verlag, Heiligenstadt 1975, pp. 16 and 17.
  5. ^ Walter Schlesinger: The emergence of sovereignty. Investigations mainly based on Central German sources. Darmstadt 1969 (reprint of the first edition 1941), p. 154.
  6. ^ Ernst Moritz Arndt: Rhine and Ahr walks . Weber, Bonn 1846 (1st edition 1844 under the title: Walks from and around Godesberg ), p. 231.
  7. ↑ Thuringian State Gazette No. 20/2008 - ISSN  0939-9135 ISSN  0939-9135
  8. ↑ Rudolf Linge, Peter Schmidt: Church and Faith in Eichsfeld St. Benno Verlag Leipzig and Cordier Verlag, Heiligenstadt 1975, p. 16.
  9. ^ Eduard Fritze: The last days of the war in Eichsfeld. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2002, ISBN 3-936030-06-5 .
  10. ↑ List of plane crashes in Eichsfeld in 1944 and 1945, eichsfeld-sander.de
  11. ↑ Gerhard Reddemann: Election took place 20 years ago. In: Eichsfelder Heimatstimmen. 10, 1966, pp. 344-346; printed in: Winfried Becker: CDU and CSU 1945–1950. 1987, ISBN 3-7758-1151-6 , pp. 411-413.
  12. ↑ Eichsfeldtage - tradition since 1913 Göttinger Tageblatt, on August 23, 2015, accessed on September 18, 2017.
  13. ↑ Eichsfeldtage 2010 Thuringian State Gazette 29/2010
  14. ^ Orgelherbst on kirchen-musik-Eichsfeld.de
  15. ↑ Archive link ( memento from September 20, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) on Bistum-Erfurt.de
  16. ↑ The organ autumn is still the core of the work. In: Thüringer Allgemeine from April 21, 2017.
  17. ↑  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.tlz.de
  18. ^ Bouncy castle, hatred and Hitler salute - malfunction alarms. In: zeit.de . Retrieved May 8, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Look to the right : Article on Eichsfeld Heimattag .
  20. ↑ terminus right .: Brown hate music in Eichsfeld. In: endstation-rechts.de. June 16, 2015, accessed September 14, 2017 .
  21. ^ Agricultural site conditions in the Eichsfeld district on TLUG-Jena.de
  22. ^ Matthias Bittorf: Continuity and change in northern Thuringia: the eastern Eichsfeld and the district of Nordhausen. Tectum Verlag, Marburg 2012, p. 166.
  23. ↑ Eichsfelder Bauernverband in Thuringian Bauernverband.de
  24. ↑ Rolf Adler, Tassilo Bitzan: Historical everyday life in the villages of the Untereichsfeldes. Mecke, Duderstadt 2007, p. 71.
  25. ↑ in book preview Eichsfelder conscientious objector publisher Mecke Duderstadt pdf

Coordinates: 51 ° 24 '  N , 10 ° 13'  E