Thuringian Basin (with edge plates)

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Sub-natural areas of the Thuringian Basin including edge slabs

Thuringian Basin (with edge plates) denotes a natural spatial main unit group according to the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany , which includes the flat , undulating Keuper landscape of the Thuringian Basin , its up to 604.4 m ( Reinsberge ) high edge plates made of shell limestone and partly their frame made of red  sandstone and the Zechstein belt around adjacent low mountain range includes. The Keuperbecken is almost entirely in Thuringia, its edge plates are also partly in Saxony-Anhalt and Hesse , with a minimal proportion in Lower Saxony .

The structure of the manual was largely adopted by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN). The Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology in Jena (TLUG) has created its own natural spatial structure, which contains many sub-units almost identical, but does not provide for hierarchies in main unit groups and main units, but only classified according to the rocks in question, whereby both island-like units occur as also those that are divided into several parts by other units. In contrast, in the manual, all natural spatial units are simply connected (i.e. without "holes" and without interruptions) , which is why geologically deviating sub -natural areas were integrated into a coherence if necessary.

Natural structure

The Thuringian Basin (with edge plates) represents the only natural spatial main unit group which, due to its size, has received two two-digit indicators. In the following breakdown into main units (three digits) and, if applicable, sub-units according to TLUG Jena, the size, the location within the unit, the federal states involved ( TH , ST , HE or NI ) as well as the rock ( Rotliegend , Zechstein , Buntsandstein ) are given in brackets , Muschelkalk , Keuper ; Flussaue ) stated:

Adjacent main unit groups and main units

The edge plates of the Thuringian Basin meet, clockwise, in the south and southwest on the Thuringian-Franconian low mountain range with the Thuringian Slate Mountains and the Thuringian Forest , to the west on the East Hessian mountainous region with the Fulda-Werra mountainous region and the Lower Werrabergland , to the northwest the Lower Saxon hill country with (v. a.) Unterem Eichsfeld and Eichsfeld basin , to the north on the Harz , to the north-east on the Central German black earth region with the eastern Harz foreland , to the east on the Saxon hill country with the Altenburg-Zeitzer loess hill country and to the south-east on the Vogtland with the East Thuringian-Vogtland plateaus .

Geological structure and geomorphology

Geological structure of the Thuringian Basin with the Triassic rocks Keuper (inside), Muschelkalk (edge ​​plates) and Buntsandstein (outer frame)

The Thuringian Basin and its framing form a semi-concentric layered landscape of the Triassic . The hilly, agriculturally productive Keuper - Hill Country is of mighty limestone enclosed -Höhenzügen that her rather gradually rise as a rule from the pool inside, but often on the outer edge in a steep escarpment fall.

This is particularly clear in the western Dün , to which, from the Unstrut near Dachrieden (approx.  240  m ), the landscape rises over 14 km to the northwest to a good 515  m to the Hockelrain (an average of 2% = 1 ° slope), in order to descend very abruptly on its northern slope within a good 300 horizontal meters from 500  m to 400  m (average 30% = 17 ° slope, in places over 100% = 45 °), until then in the red sandstone the terrain again gradually to about 310  m falls off the leash at Beuren .
The stratified ribs of the Hörselberge show similar relationships between the slopes with an overall steeper course . So falls from pointing into the bowl interior northeast slope of Great Hörselbergs 484  m from the landscape within about 850 horizontal meters the altitude of 475  m to 375  m (average of 12% = 7 ° slope), while the same difference in height at the outwardly facing southwest side within a few than 150 horizontal meters (on average 70% = 35 ° slope!) is mastered.

The more impressive, in absolute terms, rapid decline to the outside is shown by Gobert at the Hohestein 569  m high in the west, on the state border with Hesse, on the western flank of which the landscape is within 1.4 kilometers of the Hörne (approx. 515  m ) by 365 meters drops to 150  m on the Werra (average 26% = 15 ° gradient). However, the Gobert is separated from the eastern ridge of the Upper Eichsfeld framing the Keuperbecken by a depression along the Eichenberg – Gotha – Saalfelder fault zone and is mostly counted as part of the neighboring main unit Lower Werrabergland (main unit group Osthessisches Bergland ).

In contrast, the basin in the east, in the area of ​​the Finne fault zone , is limited in places by a shell limestone ridge that is steep on both sides, but less high overall, while in the southeast the ascent to the Ilm-Saale plate is inconspicuous. In a small bay in the western south, between Ohrdruf and Georgenthal , the layers of shell limestone and red sandstone are almost completely omitted, and the basement of the Thuringian Forest , which can be reached very quickly by 700  m and more, rises up immediately.

The red sandstone heights adjoining the shell limestone to the outside , unlike this z. B. on the southwest flank of the Thuringian Forest (ie from the Keuperhügelland of the Grabfeld to the outside ) is the case, mostly not the height of their shell limestone neighbors. And where they protrude above the shell limestone (e.g. Finn in the northeast) or almost reach its heights ( wind deflector in the north), they rise significantly more gently than the layer level falls.

External elevation profile

The immediate edge heights of the central Keuper basin, i.e. the actual Thuringian Basin and the inner West Thuringian mountain and hill country , show the following heights above sea level, clockwise, starting at the Ilmau exit in the extreme east. NHN on:
(at edge heights from 1 km distance the approximate distance to the pool edge is given, elevations in the 2nd row are indented;
if there is no shell limestone on the edge heights , the corresponding rock is given)

Disturbances and clods

Fault zones in the area of ​​the Thuringian Basin
Flood structure of the Thuringian Basin

The area of ​​the Thuringian Basin and its edge plates is mainly hercynian , i.e. H. Geological faults (↓) running from north-west to south-east divided into ground clods (→).

From northeast to southwest follow one another (landscapes outside the main unit group in lower case) :

There are also:

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e E. Meynen and J. Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany (6th delivery 1959) - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000. 000 with main units 1960)
  2. ↑ a b c d Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  3. ^ A b Walter Hiekel, Frank Fritzlar, Andreas Nöllert and Werner Westhus: The natural spaces of Thuringia . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG), Thuringian Ministry for Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Environment . 2004, ISSN  0863-2448 . → Natural area map of Thuringia (TLUG) - PDF; 260 kB → Maps by district (TLUG)

  4. ↑ Hydrogeological map of Thuringia from the Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (PDF; 4.37 MB) ( Even finer maps are available for each district .)
  5. ↑ designation according to manual; according to TLUG: Saale floodplain
  6. ↑ Designation according to the manual and BfN; according to TLUG: Paulinzellaer red sandstone woodland
  7. ↑ Designation according to the manual and BfN; according to TLUG: Ilm-Saale-Ohrdrufer Platte
  8. ↑ Designation according to TLUG and BfN; Original name according to the manual: Waltershausener Vorberge
  9. ↑ designation according to manual; according to TLUG: Zechstein belt on the southern Harz
  10. ↑ designation according to BfN; according to the manual: Helme-Unstrut-Niederung , which is misleading, as TLUG aptly uses this designation only for the northern part, which is outside the core basin; in the southern interior of the basin, the lowland follows the Gera .
  11. ↑ Designation according to the manual; Designation according to BfN: Eastern Harz foreland and Börden
  12. ↑ complete designation according to the manual: Saxon Hügelland (including Leipziger Land) ; according to BfN as Saxon hill country and Erzgebirgsvorland merged with another main unit group
  13. ↑ Name after the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig (SAW), cf. Natural areas in Saxony ; Manual: Altenburg-Zeitzer loess area
  14. ^ Regional geology East , Dietrich Franke

Web links

Commons : Thuringian Basin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files