Ettersberg
| Ettersberg | ||
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 The Ettersberg, view from the tower of the Jakobskirche in Weimar |
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| Highest peak | Großer Ettersberg ( 481.6 m above sea level ) | |
| location | Thuringia | |
| Inselberg des | Thuringian basin | |
| Classification according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany | |
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 1 ′ N , 11 ° 15 ′ E | |
| rock | Shell limestone | |
| area | 26 km² | |
| particularities | The Buchenwald concentration camp memorial and memorial is located on the Ettersberg. | |
The Ettersberg is a shell limestone mountain range in the interior of the Thuringian Basin , which consists only of an independent Inselberg . On it, at the Großer Ettersberg with a height of 481.6 meters, is both the highest point in the city of Weimar in Thuringia and the Thuringian Basin in general.
The Ettersberg has the only forest in its area. It is about 12 kilometers long in a west-east direction and a maximum of four kilometers wide. In the inner- Thuringian system The natural areas of Thuringia of the Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG), analogous to the approximately 25 kilometers to the west of Fahner Höhe , it represents an independent, 40 km² natural area .
Further elevations are the Bernhardsberg east of the Großer Ettersberg (around 400 m ) and the Kleine Ettersberg north of Schöndorf ( 343.9 m at the Schanze ).
Geology and landscape
The near-surface geological subsurface is formed by the rocks of the Upper Muschelkalk . The leaching of the gypsum existing underground has led to the formation of numerous sinkholes . Adjacent places are Hottelstedt , Ettersburg , Kleinobringen and Großobringen on the north side as well as Schöndorf , Weimar , Gaberndorf , Daasdorf a. Berge , Hopfgarten and Ottstedt a. Mountains on the south side. The Ettersberg is the watershed between the Ilm in the southeast and Unstrut in the northwest. The predominant tree species are beech and oak . In the southern slope areas, extensive lime- scale grasslands have been created through sheep farming , which are protected as a nature reserve . Another nature reserve is the completely forested Prinzenschlag in the east of the Großer Ettersberg.
The notch height of the Ettersberg is 202 m, the associated notch is located west of Tröbsdorf in the breakthrough of the Thuringian Railway through the watershed between Ilm and Unstrut . The dominance of the Ettersberg extends 15.2 km to the Kaitsch near Blankenhain .
history
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The mountain has an eventful history, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who stayed there and mentioned it in his works. The Baroque palace and park Ettersburg is located on the northern edge of the mountain . To the south of it, an old hunting star has been preserved, where several forest paths converge in a star shape. It was used for stately company hunts, most recently on the occasion of the Erfurt Princely Congress in 1808, in which the emperors of Russia, Tsar Alexander I and France, Napoleon I also took part. In 1901 a Bismarck tower was inaugurated on the Ettersberg . This was secretly blown up in 1949 by SED resolution under Walter Ulbricht .
During the Nazi era, the Buchenwald concentration camp was established in the north-west of the Ettersberg . Here, in the attached buildings for armaments factories and in quarries in the west of the camp (still preserved today), the concentration camp prisoners had to do forced labor . The camp also received its own rail connection from Weimar train station , which ended at its own train station. The camp was initially also to be called KL Ettersberg, but this was not enforced because it was mentioned in Goethe's works. The 50-meter-high bell tower of the Buchenwald memorial, which was built in the 1950s south of the camp on the Ettersberg, is visible from afar. The Ettersberg Foundation is responsible for the maintenance and administration of this area, which also includes the commemoration of the special camp No. 2 operated by the Soviet NKVD on the site of the concentration camp from 1945 to 1950 .
The southern slope areas were used by the Soviet Army as a military training area until the fall of the Wall and were therefore partially restricted areas.
The Ettersberg is one of the most important local recreation areas in the city of Weimar and is accessible through numerous hiking and cycling trails, some of which are based on the existing forest road network. The Buchenwald memorial is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Thuringia .
On May 9, 1961, a memorial was erected in honor of Colonel Henri Manhès , a former French concentration camp prisoner , Resistance fighter and head of the French brigade of the International Military Organization (IMO) at the entrance to the “ Blood Road ”. On it is a portrait relief and an honoring inscription in memory of the honorary citizen of the city of Weimar.
Transmitter
The Weimar 2 transmitter is located on the Großer Ettersberg .
Trivia
In The Rivers of London from the "Peter Grant" book series by the author Ben Aaronovitch , reference is made several times to a devastating battle that was fought between British and German wizards on Ettersberg during the Second World War .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
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^ Walter Hiekel, Frank Fritzlar, Andreas Nöllert and Werner Westhus: The natural spaces of Thuringia . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG), Thuringian Ministry for Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Environment . 2004, ISSN 0863-2448 . → Natural space map of Thuringia (TLUG) - PDF; 260 kB → Maps by district (TLUG)
- ↑ Hartmut Stabe: Towers in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach - Discover - Visit - Hike . Weimar 2005. ISBN 3-930687-46-1 . About the Bismarck Tower near Weimar: pp. 107–131.
- ↑ www.buchenwald.de
- ↑ Weimar. Lexicon on city history (Eds. Gitta Günther, Wolfram Huschke, Walter Steiner), Weimar 1998, p. 287, ISBN 3-7400-0807-5
